Lesson video

Hello there, my friends and welcome to our third lesson on the unit of Natural Resources.

My name is Mr. Pedroza and today, we're going to be tackling the following question.

The question that we are going to tackle today in this lesson is going to be, What resources does Chile have? So, we're going to look at the country of Chile.

We're going to have a look at it's geography and then we're going to have a look at the natural resources that can be found there.

But before we do that, first things first.

Have you taken our Knowledge Quiz? Make sure that if you haven't done that, possibly now, go and do the Knowledge Quiz and then once you're done, you can restart the video.

So at this point if you need to, pause the video.

Restart once you're done.

Great job, guys.

How did you do? Did you get all the questions right? I hope you did.

If you didn't do that, if you didn't get all the questions right, that's okay.

Because you can always rewatch our videos and you can fill in any missing gaps of information that you may have found there.

If you did, if you got a perfect score, well done.

Really proud of you.

So, let's have a look at what we're going to do today in this lesson.

So we're going to begin with the Star Words.

We're going to show some key vocabulary, then we can have a look at Chile's geography, then we are going to have a look at that country's natural resources.

Then we're going to have a look at a war that happened that involve the country of Chile, which is about partly about the access to natural resources.

So we're going to do a little bit of history as well, as well as geography.

And then we're going to do our End of Lesson Quiz at the very end.

So in this lesson, you're going to need the following things.

You're going to need your exercise book or paper where you can take some notes, where you can do the task that I'm going to be setting then you can get your pencil and your pen and of course you need your brain.

So at this point, if you need to go get those things, go and do that now.

Pause the video.

Wow, that was super quick.

You're getting speedier and speedier every single week.

Now, let's have a look at the key vocabulary for this lesson.

So, we've got natural resources.

And remember that last, in our previous lessons we talked about natural resources.

We said that they are materials that are found in the natural environment that are useful to humans.

And we said that most natural resources are unevenly distributed around the world and are exhaustible, which means that eventually they're going to run out, they won't last forever.

Chile is the next one.

And Chile is a country which is located in South America.

And it is bordered by Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast and then Argentina to the east.

Copper which is a reddish brown metal and copper is used to make pipes because it doesn't rust really easily.

And it's also used to make wires because it's an excellent conductor of electricity and you can combine it with other alloys, other metals.

You can combine it with other metals to make alloys such as brass and bronze.

And the last one is saltpetre.

And saltpetre, otherwise known as potassium nitrate is used as a fertiliser, which is used in agriculture.

But it's also used to produce gunpowder.

And it occurs in nature as a mineral, which is called niter.

So, those are the key words in our lesson today.

Now, let's have a look at the previous learning that we did.

In our previous lessons, we talked about The World's Population.

And we said that at the beginning of human civilization, the world's population stayed quite, quite constant.

It stayed fairly low.

And suddenly in the Industrial Revolution, there was an explosion.

So, since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, which happened in the mid to late 18th century, the world's human population has increased exponentially.

So, we saw that that rise occurred around here.

I'm going to get my pointer.

So, it happened around here, around the mid 18th century.

And it happened as a result of three things.

Can you remember why? Yes, remember there were advances in medicine, which led to a lower mortality rate, which means that less people were dying as a consequence of preventable disease.

And also advances in technology meant that there was an agricultural revolution, which meant that more food could be grown and therefore, a larger population could be sustained.

Now, we said that the world's population first reached 1 billion in around 1800.

And then it doubled to 2 billion in, by 1927.

And that the world's current population is around 7.

8 billion and is likely is projected to increase to 11.

2 billion by 2100.

So, in around 80 years time, people think that the world's population is going to increase to 11.

2 billion, which is around an increase of 3.

4 billion from the current human population.

So, remember that the growth in the human population was driven by three things.

So advances in medicine, which led to a lower mortality rate and then an increase in agricultural productivity.

Let's do our first task.

It's a true or false question.

So, the world's population is predicted to grow, be careful what I'm saying here.

It's predicted to grow to 11.

2 million by the year 2100.

Is that true or is that false? I don't know, you tell me.

At this point, pause the video, have a go.

Right, let's have a look at the answer.

I'm hoping you got this one right.

Because that was fairly easy.

Right, the world's population is predicted to grow to 11.

2 million by the year 2100.

Is that true or is that false? Of course, it's false.

Remember that the world's population is predicted to grow to 11.

2 billion, not million.

So, that was false.

Now, let's go to one of our key learner for today, in our lesson today.

So, let's have a look at the world map.

Do you know what Chile might be? Earlier, I told you that it's in South America.

I'm wondering if you can point to South America.

Yes, that's right.

If you said that this is the continent of South America, then you are totally right.

Wondering whether you might be able to see or you might just know where Chile is.

Hmm, well, I'm going to tell you where it is.

I'm going to point at it.

Look, it's right there.

So, that is the country of Chile.

And Chile is located in South America.

Good job.

So, Chile is located in the continent of South America.

Its capital is called, Santiago.

And the country is bordered by three other countries.

So, it's bordered by Peru to the north.

That's Peru there.

It's bordered by Bolivia to the northeast.

And then it has a long border with Argentina, to the east as well, to the east.

So it's bordered by Peru, Bolivia and Argentina.

So, there are three countries bordering it.

And on the west, it has a coastline along the South Pacific Ocean.

So, there are three things that we need to know about Chile.

So, it's in South America.

It's bordered by Peru, Bolivia and Argentina.

And it has a coastline, a really long coastline along the South Pacific Ocean.

And actually the country has the second longest coastline in South America after Brazil.

So, first set of questions.

So, one is a true or false question and then the other one, you're just going to have to recall the key facts.

So number one, Chile has a coastline along the Atlantic Ocean.

Is that true or is that false? Number two, which are three countries border Chile? I don't know.

Again, if you want to pause the video or if you want to go back to check that information, then you can do so now.

Have a go.

Right, let's have a look.

Ready? It's kind of tricky with these first two questions.

Chile has a coastline along the Atlantic Ocean.

Is that true or is that false? That is false.

It has a coastline along the Pacific Ocean.

So, well done if you got that right.

Give yourself a pat on the back.

Number two, which three countries border Chile? So, Chile is bordered by Peru, Bolivia and Argentina.

So at this point, pause the video so you can tick or fix your work.

Great job, guys.

Right, let's learn a little bit more about Chile's geography.

So, Chile as we said, it's in South America.

And Chile, have a look at this shape.

It's quite narrow, seems it's a fairly narrow country but it seems to be fairly, fairly long.

Now from north to south, Chile is around 4270 kilometres long.

In miles, that would be 2653 miles long.

It has an average width of around 177 kilometres.

So, it's not a very wide country.

In miles, that would be 110 miles.

And as you go down Chile, as you travel through Chile, you'll discover that its geography is really varied.

It's really unique and it's really varied.

If you go from north to south, you encounter different ecosystems as well.

So for example in the north, you will find the Atacama Desert.

So, that's the north and you can see the Atacama Desert labelled here.

As you go down and the Atacama Desert just for a key fact, is the driest desert in the world.

And there's a legend that says that in the Atacama Desert, it hasn't rained for around 400 years.

So, it is the driest place.

It's the driest desert in the entire world.

Now, further south as you go down near a place called Valdivia, this is Valdivia here.

As you get to that place, you have many lakes, you have wetlands and you have forests.

So you go from the driest desert of the world, to having lots of lakes, lot's of wetlands, lots of forests.

And then at the most southernmost tip, around here, then you have different environments as well.

So, you also have glaciers.

You have taiga which are coniferous forests.

And then you have tundra which is a very cold and rocky ecosystem where trees cannot grow and only small plants survive.

So, there's a lot of different environments, a lot of different habitats within Chile.

Now, Chile is separated from Peru and Bolivia by the Atacama Desert.

And then it's separated from Argentina by the Andes Mountain Range, which you can see here.

And within that mountain range, you will find exciting enough, a volcano.

There's lots of volcanoes.

And in that border between Argentina and Chile, you will find the Nevado Ojos del Salado which is an active volcano, here.

So, this is the Cerro Ojos del Salado.

And it's an active volcano and it's the tallest mountain in the Andes region.

And it's the highest active volcano in the entire world at 6893 metres.

So it's got, it's the highest volcano in the world.

It's the highest active volcano in the world.

So, there's really varied geography in Chile.

So, you've got the Atacama Desert at the top.

You have the Andes Mountains, which separate it from Argentina.

As you go down further south, you have lakes, you have wetlands, you have forests.

And then at the very south, you have glaciers, you have taiga, you have tundra at Chile's most southernmost post, southernmost point.

So, let's have a look at this next task.

So, in here you got to complete these sentences.

You've got some key words there.

You got glaciers, you got the Atacama Desert, you got the Andes Mountains and you have a 177 kilometres.

So, have a think about where those words might fit.

As soon as you think you've got it, read it back, see if it makes sense.

And then when we come back, we'll check our work.

Good luck.

Right, let's have a look and see if you got those right.

Are you ready? So, Chile is a long but fairly narrow nation with an average width of 177 kilometres.

Chile has a varied geography, with the Andes Mountains to the east, the Atacama Desert to the north and glaciers, taiga and tundra to the south.

Now, remember the Atacama Desert is the driest desert in the entire world.

So at this point, pause the video so you can check your work.

Excellent job, my friends.

Well done.

So, let's continue.

So, let's have a look at some of Chile's natural resources.

So, Chile has a lot of natural resources due to it's special geography.

And so the same processes that are for the mountains, the volcanoes and the deep sea trench that mirrors along Chile's coastline have produced really valuable metals such as copper, silver, gold and iron.

And all of these natural resources are extracted from mining.

Now, Chile is the top producer of copper in the world.

And it's estimated that 34% so over a third of the world's copper comes from Chile.

Now, copper exports contribute the largest amount of income to Chile.

Well, they contribute to nearly half of it's export income.

Remember that we talked about in our previous lessons that countries can make money from the natural resources by either selling them or using them to make different products.

And so copper is a really important source of income for Chile because it makes up over half of its export income.

Most of the copper mines in Chile are found in the northern region of Chile, around the Atacama Desert.

Now, Chile also has a vibrant fishing industry that supports many of its citizens.

And Chile is a major supplier of fish to neighbouring South American countries but also to Europe.

And some of the fish produced in Chile include sardines, hake, anchovy and mackerel.

So, most some of Chile's natural resources include copper, silver, gold and iron.

It's the world's greatest exporter of copper.

And it also has a fishing industry, which sells sardines, hake, anchovy and mackerel.

So, let's make a list.

So, in this task we're going to make a list of the metals and fish that are part of Chile's natural resources.

So, what I want you to do is I want you to draw a table with two columns.

On one side, you have metals.

On one side, you have fish.

And then all you have to do is you've got to write the metals that you can remember that can be found in Chile.

And then on the other side, you're going to write the fish that you can remember that are found in Chile as well.

SO, at this point pause the video, draw the table and then have a go.

Now, let's have a look.

Let's check, ready? What metal and fish can be found in Chile? So, in terms of metals we said we can have copper, we can find copper, silver, gold and iron.

In terms of fish, you have sardines, hake, anchovy and mackerel.

Good job, if you got those right.

Again, at this point pause the video so you can get all those done.

Great work, team.

Now, let's have a look at some more of Chile's natural resources.

Now, Chile's climate, climate mean that is a good place to grow lots of vegetables and lots of different crops.

And the soil throughout Chile is good quality, meaning that good quality grass grows which allows livestock such as sheep and cattle to survive.

Now, in terms of agriculture, some of Chile's major exports include tomatoes, avocados, olives and grapes.

And grapes are a really important crop for Chile because it is turned into wine.

And Chile, despite being a fairly small nation, it's the fourth largest wine producer in the world.

And Chile, and as a result wine makes up a large part of Chile's export income.

So, that's an example where you can use a natural resource.

You can turn it into a product and then you can sell that on to make income.

Now, Chile's climate also supports really extensive forests throughout much of the country, particularly when you go further south.

Meaning that timber is actually one of Chile's important industries based on natural resources.

Chile also has a very large natural gas resource in the south.

It has some small coal reserves but as these have been dwindling and due to environmental concerns around pollution, Chile doesn't really rely heavily on coal as an energy resource.

It's too expensive to extract and it's too polluting to extract.

So in terms of some other, some of Chile's other natural resources, we have agriculture where they grow lots of tomatoes, avocados, olives and grapes.

Remember those grapes are mainly turned into wine, which makes Chile the fourth largest exporter of wine in the world.

It also has a timber industry and it has a small fossil fuel industry as well.

Now, let's have a look at this task.

So, you're going to compete the first sentence.

So it says, Chile's climate and good quality soil means that is able to grow a large variety of crops such as? Do you remember what crops they can grow? Have a go.

And then the last one is, grapes are an important crop as they are used to produce? What are the grapes used to produce? So again, pause the video, have a go.

Great job, guys.

You're working really hard.

So, let's have a look.

Ready? So, Chile's climate and good quality soil mean that is able to grow large variety of crops, such as tomatoes, avocados, olives and grapes.

Great job.

Grapes are an important crop as they are used to produce wine.

Great job.

Remember, Chile is the fourth largest exporter of wine in the world.

At this point, pause the video.

Make sure you got those down.

Great job.

Let's keep going.

Now, let's have a look.

Let's turn into historians.

Let's go from being geographers to being historians.

Now, I'm going to show you two maps and I want you to see if you can notice a difference.

So, it's two maps of the same region.

So this is the region between Chile, Peru and Bolivia.

What differences do you notice? So again, this is the same three countries, four countries if you include Argentina.

So you've got Chile, you got Peru, you have Bolivia, you have Argentina.

Something's happened to turn it into this.

So we've got Chile again, we've got Peru, we have Bolivia and then we have Argentina.

What things do you notice that are different? Have you got anything yet? Okay, let me give you some background information.

Now, before I do that, I noticed that Bolivia seems to have lost a little bit of land.

So, if you can notice here that Bolivia has access, in this map it has access to the Pacific Ocean.

So, it has a coastline along the Pacific.

In here, Bolivia seems to have lost that land and therefore it seems to have lost access to the Pacific Ocean.

I wonder how that's happened.

Well, the subheading will give you a clue.

Now, let's have a look.

So, the War of the Pacific was a war between Chile and a Bolivian Peruvian Alliance.

And it was mainly fought over access to saltpetre.

And remember that we said earlier in the Star Words that saltpetre, which is potassium nitrate is a mineral, is a resource that was used as a fertiliser so for growing crops in agriculture but it was also to produce gunpowder.

And in the 1880s, in the 1870s, 1880s that was a really important resource.

And so Chile had the claim to that region and it tried to mediate with Bolivia, it tried to negotiate it.

Those talks broke down.

Peru tried to mediate.

But Peru had a secret alliance with Bolivia that it would back them up in any war with Chile.

As a result, the three countries went to war.

And this five year war was won by Chile.

And so the war ended with victory for them.

Chile's army took Bolivia's nitrate rich coastal region and so Peru was defeated and Peru was defeated by the Chilean Navy.

And as a consequence of them winning the war, Chile won a lot of land.

And so Peru and Bolivia, ceded land to Chile as a result of them losing the war.

As a result, Bolivia lost access to the Pacific Ocean.

And it's something that the country has been trying to reverse ever since.

And in 2018, so two years ago, it lost the case in the International Court of Justice, which would have forced Chile to negotiate its access to the sea.

So, you can see that this war had a really big impact on all three countries because Peru lost some land.

You can see that it lost this land here.

Bolivia lost land too.

But importantly for them, it lost access to the Pacific Ocean and therefore it lost access to trade for maritime through the sea.

So, that was quite a devastating war for Bolivia.

Now, let's answer some questions.

So, which two countries were allied during the War of the Pacific? And then number two is, what did Bolivia lose as a result of it losing the war? So again, if you want to go back, go back.

If you think you can answer the questions right away, do so.

So pause the video, have a go.

Great job, guys.

Let's have a look at the answers.

Ready? So, which two countries were allied during the War of the Pacific? It was Bolivia and Peru.

So, Bolivia and Peru were allied during the War of the Pacific against Chile.

Remember that Bolivia and Peru had a secret treaty.

They had a secret alliance that protected each other, it was a mutual defence pact.

And then number two, what did Bolivia lose as a result of it losing the war? So Bolivia lost land and as a result, it lost access to the Pacific Ocean.

So, Peru also lost land but they didn't lose access to the Pacific Ocean.

So, those are the two answers to those questions.

So again, pause the video.

Make sure you've got those questions there, those answers.

Great, let's continue.

Now, here I have a small comprehension task for you.

So, on the page now, you have a summary of the information that I gave you.

And then on the right-hand side you have four questions.

So, the question are, when did the War of the Pacific begin? Question number two is, what resources did Chile want access to? And where could it be found? So, in what region could it be found? Number three is, who won the War of the Pacific? And what did they gain? And then question number four is a why question.

It says, why do you think Bolivia wants to restore access to the Pacific Ocean? So, what I recommend is you read the text.

Read it two times at least.

Make sure that you maybe if you have a printout, you can underline it, you can circle, you can highlight and then have a go at answering the questions.

So at this point, pause the video.

Have a go at answering the questions.

Don't forget to read the text first.

Good luck.

Right, let's see who's got the answers ready.

So question number is, when did the War of the Pacific began? So, the War of the Pacific began in 1879.

Give that a tick, if got it right.

Question number two was, what resource did Chile want access to and where could it be found? So, Chile wanted access to saltpetre, remember, which is used as fat, as a fertiliser and in the production of gunpowder and it could mainly be found in the Atacama Desert.

Number three is, who won the War of the Pacific? And what did they gain? So, Chile won the War of the Pacific and they gained territory from both Bolivia and Peru.

And then question number four is tricky question.

Why do you think Bolivia wants to restore its access to the Pacific Ocean? So in my opinion I said, I think Bolivian wants to regain their access to the Pacific Ocean, as it would give them access to other natural resources, as well as giving them the ability to establish post ports to facilitate trade.

So, having access to the ocean gives you access to natural resources but also allows you to establish ports so you can trade to other parts of the world.

Being a landlocked nation, that hinders that stops Bolivia from doing that.

So, those are the answers to those questions.

At this point, pause the video and then check your work.

Amazing work, guys.

Well done.

And that is the end of our lesson.

Oh my goodness.

Now, it's time to complete your End of Lesson Quiz.

Don't forget to do it.

It's going to help you to memorise all the things that we have learned today.

I've really enjoyed that lesson because we did a little bit of geography and we also did some history.

I love those two subjects.

So, well done on all of your learning today.

In our next lesson, we're going to be coming back home.

So, we're going to go from all the way from South America, We're going to come all the way home.

And we're going to learn about the UK's geography and its natural resources.

So, well done today.

I'm really proud of you.

I hope you have a lovely rest of the day or have a lovely rest of the evening.

And I shall see you in our next lesson.

Goodbye.