Lesson video

Hi, everyone.

I'm Miss Reid and welcome to our third lesson on energy and sustainability.

Let's have a look at our key question for today's lesson.

So our key question for today's lesson is how do we produce energy? Lesson number two.

We looked at this in the last lesson and we looked at renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

In this lesson, we're going to be interpreting data about energy consumption in different countries.

We'll be using that data to plot information on a bar graph, and then we'll be using that data to do some equations.

We'll then go on to talk about and think about how renewable energy is produced.

So in today's lesson, we'll look at our star words, then we'll be interpreting data, and then we'll be thinking about how energy is produced.

In this lesson, you'll need a piece of paper or a book, you'll need a pencil and you'll need your brain.

If you haven't got those things, pause the video and go get them.

Now you've got everything you need.

Let's carry on.

I'm going to say the star words, and I want you to repeat them after me.

Fossil fuels, non-renewable energy, renewable energy, bar graph, percentage, energy.

Great work.

So we're going to be interpreting data.

You can see lots of information on this slide.

Let's have a closer look and I'll show you with my pointer.

So here we can see the bar graph and the title of the bar graph is here.

A graph to show the percentage of fossil fuels consumed by a selection of countries in 2015.

Now this information comes from the World Bank.

On the left hand side, you can see a table, and you can see eight countries with the percentages next to each country.

Now these percentages represent a percent of the total consumption of energy.

And these percentages relate to the fossil fuels consumed.

So Iceland, out of the total consumption of energy, 11% of that consumption was from fossil fuels.

13% of Estonia's total consumption of energy was from fossil fuels.

For Sweden, 25% of the total energy consumption was from fossil fuels and so on.

At the bottom of the bar graph, you can see the countries listed from Iceland, Estonia, Sweden, Finland, France, Switzerland, Norway, and New Zealand.

Now you might have noticed something when looking at that bar graph.

What you might've noticed is that some of the bars are missing.

Have another closer look.

Can you see which of the bars are missing from the bar graph? Which country's data has not yet been plotted? Point your finger at the countries where the data is missing.

Did you point your finger at Estonia? Great work.

Did you point your finger at Sweden? Excellent work.

Did you point your finger at France? I can't trick you.

And finally, did you point your finger at Norway? Give yourself a pat on the back.

So now you know that's the data that we're going to have to plot, but first I have a task for you.

I'd like you to answer these questions.

Let's take a closer look at them.

One, what percentage of Estonia's energy was produced by fossil fuels? Two, what percentage of Sweden's energy was produced by fossil fuels? Three, what percentage of France's energy was produced by fossil fuels? Four, what percentage of Norway's energy was produced by fossil fuels? So again, you need to use the information in this table to answer those questions.

Pause the video now so that you can answer those questions.

Let's see how you got on.

Number one was 13%, because 13% of Estonia's total energy consumption was from fossil fuels.

Number two was 25%, because 25% of Sweden's total energy consumption was from fossil fuels.

Number three was 47%, because 47% of the France's total energy consumption was from fossil fuels.

And finally, number four was 57%, because 57% of Norway's total energy consumption was from fossil fuels.

Pause the video now so you can tick or fix your answers.

Okay, let's carry on.

Great.

Now it's time to plot the missing data.

I'm going to show you how we would do this.

Now, Iceland's data is of course already on the bar graph, but I'm going to show you how we would plot it if it weren't.

So I need my pointer.

Now I know that 11% of Iceland's total energy consumption was used on fossil fuels.

So I need to find 11% on the Y-axis here.

Now I know that 11, it comes just after 10.

So I've found 10 on my Y-axis.

And I can see that there are very small squares in between each of the intervals that represent the single intervals.

So I can see from 10, I can count 11, 12, 13, 14, 15.

Now if 10 is here, I can see that 11 must be just above 10.

So I would place my finger or my pointer on the top of the bar where I think the top of the bar should sit.

And in this case, that is correct because Iceland's data is already plotted.

You're now going to have a go at plotting Estonia's data using your finger and the intervals on the bar graph or the intervals on the Y-axis to help you.

Now, we know that Estonia used 13% of its total energy consumption on fossil fuels.

I want you to place your finger on the bar graph where the top of Estonia's bar should sit.

Remember to use the Y-axis to help you find 13%.

Pause the video now so you can place your finger on the top of the bar.

Now that you've had a go, I'm going to show you where the top of the bar should have sat.

Pop your finger back on the bar off.

Did you get it right? Give yourself a pat on the back.

So now you've had a go with Estonia.

We're going to plot the rest of the data.

And you're going to do it using your finger.

So the next country that we need to plot is Sweden.

Now Sweden used 25% of its total energy consumption from fossil fuels.

I'd like you to find 25% on the Y-axis and place your finger on the bar graph where the top of Sweden's bar should sit.

Keep your finger there.

Are you ready to check? Did you get that right? Give yourself a pat on the back if you did.

All right, we're still not done.

We've got to plot the last two bars.

We're still not done.

We've got to plot the last two bars.

So France is next.

Now France used 47% of its total energy consumption was from fossil fuels.

So with your finger, I want you to find 47 on the Y-axis and place your finger on the point of the bar graph where the top of France's bar should sit.

Let's check.

Did you get that right? Fantastic work, everyone.

Give yourself a pat on the back.

If you haven't got it right yet, don't worry, you still got one last chance.

So the last bar that we need to plot is Norway's.

Now Norway used 57% of its total energy consumption or 50% of its total energy consumption was from fossil fuels.

So we need to plot that bar.

With your finger, find 57% using the Y-axis and place your finger on the point where the top of Norway's bar should sit.

Let's check.

How did you do? Did you get it right? If you did give yourself a big pat on the back.

It's tricky plotting the bar graph, but with your help, we've managed to do it.

Thank you so much, all of you out there, for working so hard.

If you have some graph paper of your own at home, you might even want to plot this bar graph for yourself.

Don't worry if you don't though, because you did an absolutely brilliant job at helping me to do it on the screen.

We've now got a task.

You are going to answer some questions based on the data in the bar graph and in the table next to it.

Let's have a look at the questions.

Now you'll need to use your mathematical thinking to help you with this task, but I know that all of you are fantastic mathematicians and you're going to be brilliant at working out the answers to these equations.

Number one, calculate the range.

This means the greatest value subtract or minus the smallest value.

So you need to think about the greatest value and you need to subtract the smallest value from that.

Number two, calculate the mean.

This is the sum or the total of all the values divided by the total number of values.

Now, I'd like you to round this number to the nearest whole number.

So you might need to round it up or down.

So your first step or step a is to add all the values together, so all of the percentages together.

B, you're then going to divide that total by the number of percentages.

So in this case, there are eight percentages.

When you've got that answer, I'd like you to round the number to the nearest whole number.

In order to work out the mean, you could use short division, or you could use a calculator.

But the most important thing that I want you to do is to round the total to the nearest whole number.

Number three, which two countries have the most sustainable approach to energy consumption in 2015? So we think about what that means, the most sustainable approach.

You need to think about which two countries were using the least amount of fossil fuels, because those are the countries that had the most sustainable approach in 2015.

Pause the video now and complete those three questions.

It's going to be a bit tricky, but I know you can do it.

How did you get on? You worked really hard on that.

And I know it's difficult sometimes to have your geography brain on and then put your mathematical brain on.

But it's a really important part of being a geographer to be able to use both skills.

Let's have a look at the answers.

Let's have a closer look.

Number one, calculate the range.

Remember this was the greatest value subtract the smallest value.

So the greatest value was 59 and the smallest value was 11.

So 59 subtract 11 is equal to 48.

Number two, calculate the mean, the sum or the total of all the values divided by the total number of values, rounded to the nearest whole number.

So you needed to add all of those values together.

So we did 11, add 13, add 25, add 40, add 47, add 50, add 57, add 59, I lost it on this, is equal to 302.

Pause the video now if you want to tick or fix that part of your answer.

Let's get onto part b.

So we then needed to do 302 divided by eight, because there were eight values in total.

Now, if you used short division, you would have got the answer 37 remainder six.

If you used a calculator, you would have got the answer 37.

75.

In both cases, you needed to round the answer to the nearest whole number, which would have been 38.

So the answer is 38.

So 302 divided by eight is equal to 38.

And question three, which two countries had the most sustainable approach to energy production in 2015? Well, that was Iceland and Estonia because they used the least amount of fossil fuels for their energy consumption.

Pause the video now so you can tick or fix any answers that you didn't get right.

Well done, everyone.

I'm so proud of all the hard work you did over the course of those few slides.

Interpreting data can be really tricky, especially when we've got our geography brains on, as I said.

We used some really fantastic mathematical thinking and I'm proud of all the work you did.

Let's move on.

So here we can see two images.

The images that you can see are the Tungu-Kabiri micro-hydro power project.

That's image one.

And image two, the Three Gorges Dam in Hubei, China.

We're going to read some information about each of these images.

Now, the images don't necessarily match to the information as we're reading them.

Your job is going to be thinking about which image matches to which piece of information.

So pay attention as we're reading.

I'm going to read the information and you can read along with me.

Energy is generated by a set of large turbines that are pushed by the water.

The turbines convert the kinetic movement energy in the water into mechanical energy.

Then a generator converts the mechanical energy into electricity.

Little pollution is generated once the hydroelectric power or HEP station is up and running and dams can help control flood risk.

Furthermore, the reservoir behind the dam can be used for water sports.

However, they are very expensive to build and usually involve flooding a large area of land, meaning loss of homes, farmland, and ecosystems. And b, energy is generated by turbine that is then turned by a steep, fast-flowing river.

The turbine converts the kinetic or movement energy into the water into mechanical energy.

Then, the turbine drives a generator that converts the mechanical energy into electricity.

Micro-hydro is similar in principle to hydroelectric power, but on a much smaller scale.

This means it costs significantly less and also has minimal environmental damage.

It can be used in remote communities as it is easy to run.

Micro-hydro has been pivotal in lifting people out of poverty in many places such as rural Kenya and in mountainous villages.

So your job is to match the image to the description.

Don't worry, you don't need to draw the image or write out the description.

You simply need to match the number, either one or two to the letter, either a or b.

You might need to reread the information in the descriptions so that you can get a sense of which image matches to which description.

Pause the video now and complete that task.

I wonder how you did.

Did you work out that number one should be matched to b? You might have noticed that this is a micro-hydro power station.

It's much smaller than a huge dam.

In that case, number two is match to a, because this is talking about an HEP, and hydroelectric power station and they are huge.

They cost a lot of money and can have detrimental impacts on the environment because of loss of homes and wildlife and ecosystems. We've got another one of these to get through.

Let's have a look at the next.

You might want to pause the video so you can tick or fix your answers.

So remember that number one was matched to b, and number two was matched to a.

So here we have two more images of renewable energy sources.

Now in picture three, you can see a house that includes something on the roof.

And number four, well, you might recognise this image.

We're going to read some information about these two images and again you're going to match the image to the description.

I'm going to read the descriptions and you can read along at home with me.

Energy is generated using turbines that are pushed by the wind.

Wind turbines convert kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power, and then a generator converts the mechanical power to electricity.

They create little pollution and the surrounding land can still be used.

However, they alter the landscape and can make a lot of noise.

The wind farms can be on land or offshore in the ocean.

The UK has the largest offshore wind farm in the world, Walney Wind Farm off the coast of Cumbria, northwest England.

And d, energy is generated by allowing photons, light particles, to knock electrons free from atoms, which generates electricity.

While solar panels are considered a form of clean, renewable energy, the manufacturing process does produce greenhouse gas emissions.

They can be used in remote areas as the electricity can be transported elsewhere.

However, the technology is still very expensive and you do need a large number of panels and a lot of daylight to produce electricity.

Furthermore, solar panels can be unsightly and can take up a lot of space.

Many people have taken to putting solar panels on their houses.

So again, you need to match the picture or the number to the description.

So you can match either three or four to either c or d.

You don't need to write out the full description.

You might want to read the description again before you make your match.

How did you get on? Did you realise that three should be matched to d? Because it's talking about solar panels and those are solar panels on the roof of that house, which means that four is a wind farm and should have been matched to c.

If you want to pause the video now, you can do so, so that you can tick or fix your answer.

Great work, everyone.

Another fantastic lesson.

As always, if you'd like to share your work or what you've learned, you can ask your parent or carer to share your work on Twitter @OakNational with the hashtag #LearnWithOak.

I'd love to see what you've got up to.

And if you did manage to draw that bar graph, I would be so pleased to see it.

Great work, everyone.

I'm looking forward to our next lesson where we'll be learning about a sustainable city in Brazil.

Bye, everyone.