Lesson video

Hello, and welcome back to Geography.

I'm Mr Hutchinson, and we've been learning all about population.

I can't wait for our next lesson.

We've already covered so many different interesting aspects, different levels of population in terms of global populations, and right down to the local levels, thinking about how populations change, stay the same, the how different populations, how the way that populations change can present challenges, and how those trends can change over time.

It's been really interesting.

I already feel like I've got much better understanding of the world around us and who lives in it.

I hope that you have to.

First thing you need to do is make sure that you've done today's knowledge quiz at the start of the lesson.

That pre quiz to recap all of those key facts.

Remind you of all the things that you've all the interesting things that you've learned already.

Once you've done that make sure you've got a nice quiet space, make sure that you're not going to get distracted by anything.

So you can just focus on completing this lesson writing down lots of notes and answers to the different questions and your own ideas, and for that, obviously you need a pen, a pencil and a piece of paper or a book, a notebook or an exercise book or something like that.

In today's lesson, we are going to be thinking all about how we can make sure, there's enough food , for everyone on earth.

So we're thinking about the population.

Have discussed is the growing population around the world.

We've also thought about demographics like ageing population, rapidly rising populations in particular localities, smaller areas, but we know that there's a trend generally of a growing population across the world, in terms of how the population has risen from just a billion a few 100 years ago, to almost 8 million today.

And how it's going to continue to rise into the next over the next 100 years.

So given that there's so many more people on earth, how are we going to make sure that we feed those people? How can you make sure that there's A enough food and that food gets to the right places? Are we doing a good job of that at the moment? That's, the puzzle that we're going to be trying to solve today? Very, very interesting lessons.

So let's get started with it.

So one of the first things we need to discuss is this geographical idea of Global Food Security Risk.

So we'll discuss that.

We'll then look and see how much food the world produces generally.

Where food is produced? And how much is produced and what happens to it? We'll consider some solutions to food and security.

Some different things that we can do to tackle food insecurity and finishing off with that end of lesson quiz.

So an important lesson today.

And it starts with this idea, Global Food Security Risk.

So first of all, we're going to look at a map which has got some data put onto it.

Love these maps.

We've, looked at some of these before, I love the way that data is presented in different ways, within geography, so that right on the map we can get the information that we need.

So let's have a look at one.

Here's a map of the world.

And you can see that the different nations are coloured in different colours.

And what those colours mean, is that these different nations have different levels of population and no ridge nourished.

So undernourished means not having enough nutritious food.

Food which gives you all the vitamins and sustenance that you need.

And this map shows us, the percentage of the population is undernourished.

So, if a country is dark green, this can this symbol you should recognise from maths, means less than.

Less than 5% of the population is undernourished.

So at least 95% of the population has enough high quality food.

So affordable, reliable access to high quality food.

And you can see those dark green countries marked on the map.

And then as we go through these colours, through lighter green, yellow, amber, and then the percentage the population is undernourished increases.

And any country, which is this darker red colour, you can see, over 35% of the population is undernourished.

So really important that you get to grips with analysing these different pieces of data, taking your time to sort of read them, by read them, I don't mean reading like with words, I mean, reading the different information off the map in terms of checking to see what it tells you in terms of which countries have different levels of undernourishment.

So have a look at this map.

Now, you might like to pause the video, and take a close look to see what it can tell you reading and analysing that map.

And first thing we're going to do is give you a little bit of a question to see how you been getting on with that.

Say point to the UK, where's the UK on that map? Well then if you're pointing here, it's the United Kingdom where we live, England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

What percentage, so you guys need to use your key here? What percentage of the UK population is undernourished, according to this data here? Have you got your answer written down? Great work.

So less than 5%.

You should see that it's dark green which tells us that less than 5% of the population, is undernourished.

That means in the UK, there are some people who do not have access to affordable high quality food.

But over 95% of the population, so the vast majority of the population is not undernourished.

They do have enough food.

They have access to enough affordable, high quality food.

Here's another question for you.

That's the UK.

Looking at that map, are there any other countries that you can see, where, fewer than 5% of people of the population those countries are undernourished? And there's a little bit of a challenge you might like to see, let's put the map up.

You might like to see how many you can name.

So pause the video.

And this is really going to test your geographical knowledge in terms of location of these different countries.

How many of these countries have fewer than 5% of the population undernourished.

Great work.

So there's a few different nations that you could've chosen there, but there's lots.

So, you can see that within Europe, every country for which we have data in Europe there's fewer than 5% of the population undernourished.

You could've chosen France here, Spain, Germany, Scandinavian countries like Norway and Denmark and Sweden.

You could have chosen Russia.

You could have gone down to Australia, within Africa many of the Northern African countries, like Europe, also in Nigeria or over here or South Africa, then South America Argentina and Chile.

All of North America, Mexico.

So you can see here that there are, sorry within Asia here, you can see Malaysia.

You can see that there are lots of countries around the world where less than 5% of the population is undernourished.

What about the other end? How many of these, can you find a country, where, between 25 this should say 25% sorry took it as 25% here.

So looking at the key, which country and you can point to it, has between 25% and 35% of the population undernourished? Not enough food.

Point to one of those countries.

Great work.

So there's a few different countries that you could have chosen here.

A few different countries that you could have selected.

You could have chosen Madagascar for example, in Africa.

You could have chosen North Korea up here.

There are some countries in Central and East Africa, and in Saudi Arabia.

Next question, right at the other end of the earth, at the scale where over 1/3 of the population, are sadly undernourished, don't have enough access to enough high quality food.

Pause the video now and see if you can select a country.

You can either point to it, or maybe you might even know the name of it, where over 35% of the population is undernourished.

Excellent work.

So you might have spotted that these nations in Africa here, for example Ethiopia, have over 35% of the population, which are undernourished.

So we can see across the world, there is different levels of nourishment, in terms of some countries, where lots of people have access to enough nutritious food, that's at an affordable level.

Other countries that don't.

Obviously within countries those levels differ.

Where there are some areas within a country where lots of people have access to pensive affordable nutritious food.

And other areas perhaps where not.

Within continents it differs with different nations within those continents.

And so it's a tricky problem.

And, and we have to, even though it's quite complex, when we're looking at Geography, we have to be able to zoom in and zoom out and understand that there's even within small locations, there's lots of difference.

And lots of diversity, in terms of some of these challenges and some of this data.

You notice that with this data, there are some countries which are greyed out.

And those countries have no data.

It just says on a key here for the grey countries it says no data.

So what do you think that means? What does it mean when it says no data? Why do you think that there's no data? Have a think.

So there's lots of different reasons that no data might have been collected.

It could be that it's too difficult to get to the populations within those countries.

It could be that the country didn't want to contribute for some reason, or the people collecting the data couldn't get to the place, couldn't get to the country or couldn't collect it in the way that they wanted to collect it.

But it's important to be honest and open about that data for us to get a really transparent picture because when we're doing geography we want our data to be accurate, so that our conclusions can be more accurate and more likely to be true because we're drawing inferences here from data.

So we talked a little bit about across the world nourishment, undernourishment, and really that's linked to two concepts.

So food security, where there is enough reliable access to affordable, nutritious food.

And then other places where there's food insecurity.

So there's not reliable access to enough affordable, nutritious food.

And if we look at this map again, then you might start to get a picture of countries perhaps, which have food security, or that struggle with food insecurity.

Now you might be thinking, well, this is because there's the population has grown.

So it must be the reason that some people are undernourished is because there's not enough food to feed everybody in the world.

That's not true.

There is enough food in the world produced in the world all the time to make sure that everybody has enough food.

So it's not true that there are just too many people in the world and there's not enough food that can be grown, or that can be formed to be able to feed everybody in the world.

There's instead, a food security difficulty.

So this symbol here is at the United Nations.

That's what this symbol stands for.

A group of lots of different countries, who all want to work together to achieve all sorts of different aims around the world.

And the United Nations has set a target, that by 2030, so in just 10 years time, they want to end world hunger.

The United nations have said we want a world where nobody is hungry, everybody has access to affordable nutritious food.

So if we went back to that map, it would all look dark green, where nobody is undernourished.

And they say, this should be achievable because, there is enough food produced around the world to provide everybody with 2,500 kilocalories per day, which is how much the average adult needs.

So what are some of the difficulties? Why has this not happened? Well, let's just, let's spend a little bit of time just getting to grips with the facts around food distribution and food security, and the situation with food around the world.

Pause the video, and read this different fact list here, so that you can make sure you understand what the picture looks like across the world at the moment, in terms of food security.

Super.

So lots of interesting facts there that might some of them might surprise you in fact.

For example, there are 824 million people undernourished around the world.

And that number has actually grown.

So in 2014, there were only 784 million people undernourished.

But over the next three years, the number went up.

So there was some progress made with making the numb making sure the number of people hungry went down, but then it got worse again and more people got hungry.

You sometimes hear about developing countries, or emerging economies being discussed.

So a developing country, of course all countries are at different stages of development and are developing in different kinds of ways.

But there are some nations that often referred to as developing countries.

And, in those countries, some of them, one in three children are undernourished.

And of the, of those who are undernourished around the world.

, 2/3 come in Sub-Saharan Africa.

So sub means below below the Sahara desert.

So, below there a Sahara line in Africa and also in Southern Asia.

That's where we can find many people who are undernourished.

It's not just undernourishment, on the other side of the spectrum, there are lots and lots of people who are overweight, many of whom are obese.

So it's actually a health condition because they're so overweight they're eating so much food, maybe poor quality food, without enough exercise.

And so 2 billion people, almost 1/3 of the population are classed as being overweight.

And crucially this last bullet point here.

At the moment, about 1/3 of food that is produced, anywhere, grown, formed in terms of animals, Any of that, about 1/3 of that food at the moment is just being wasted.

It's being thrown away.

Thrown either not eaten in the first place, or people make a bit of food and leave most of it and then throw it in the bin, and it just goes into the ground and rots away.

So about a third of food is thrown away.

So in some places people have so much food that they can just throw it away and other places, people don't have access to enough food.

So, let's see if you can remember these different facts.

I'm going to play a little game of true or false with you.

Here we have some true or false questions.

So question one.

There is not enough food produced around the world to provide everyone with enough calories.

True or false? Question two.

Over 1/3 of the world's population is overweight.

True or false? Statement three.

People living in Europe are more likely to be affected by obesity than undernourishment.

True or false? And statement four.

Many people, many developing countries face food insecurity.

True or false? Write down your answers to one, two, three, and four now.

So pause the video and write this down.

Awesome great job.

So let's see whether you got the correct answers there.

It's not true that there's not enough food.

So double negative there, which is a bit difficult to get your head round.

There is enough food.

So it's false to say that there isn't enough food.

There is enough food to provide everyone with enough calories.

Over 1/3 of the world's population is overweight.

People living in Europe, are more likely to be affected by obesity than undernourishment.

and many developing countries have food security.

So some developing countries, may have some food security, but many don't have food security.

They don't have enough access.

So let's dig into that, and then let's put bit more detail.

Let's look a little bit more closely at food security and insecurity.

And think about what some of the solutions can be.

So there are generally two difficulties here.

First of all, is food production, making sure that there is enough food being produced either formed or in terms of animals or in terms of crops.

And then there's distributing that food.

So it might be that there's not enough food being produced in the first place for a variety of different reasons.

Or it might be that there's enough food being produced but it's not really being distributed out correctly.

So these are two things that we need to solve.

Two problems that we need to so solve We've got to solve food insecurity.

And there are a few different ways that we can do this.

So this table shows a few different ways.

Not all of the different ways.

A few different ways that we can tackle food insecurity and some of those problems. So for example, in terms of not enough food being produced, this may well be the, it's difficult to grow crops because there's not enough water going into the source or it could be in a very hot country where there's not water.

And so this can be solved with irrigation.

Irrigation is where you make sure that enough water goes into the soil.

So it could be laying down pipes or accessing water in some other way to make sure that the water supply gets into the land, and then the crops will be able to grow.

They won't dry.

They won't dry out.

It could be that the quality is very, very poor soil.

The soil, sorry, it's very, very poor quality.

So it could be the case that the soil is being used to grow, try and grow the crops just doesn't have enough nutrients in it.

And so the crops won't grow.

And there are some clever ways that we can solve this.

So two fun words to say, hydroponics and aeroponics.

Hydroponics and aeroponics, a very clever technology scientists have come up with, that allow you to grow crops without any soil.

I couldn't believe it when I heard it.

So you don't even need soil.

You use different kinds of materials and different kinds of technologies to put the plants in so that they can still grow even though there's no soil.

Now, as you might imagine, it's such a clever technology.

It's quite expensive to grow crops in that way.

In terms of food being produced, but not being evenly distributed, this could be a case of having the appropriate technology to be able to distribute the food.

So there can be some really affordable and really easy to use technology, that's given to people like farmers or like delivery people, or in terms of people in charge of saying where the food should go, and that can make the food across the region become far more reliable.

The distribution of that food will become far more reliable.

Small-scale farmers.

So if we want the food to be able to do distributed across a place, well, pretty small-scale farmers.

In fact, the majority of farmers are small-scale farmers.

They don't have huge, huge, huge, huge farms. They're doing it on quite a small local level.

And if they can be supported, to grow their food, then that helps with the distribution of that food.

Because there's already somebody in the local area that's growing the food and farming the food.

So there are billions of small-scale farmers.

They might need financial support, so they might need a little bit of investment or some money, or not being included in particular tax bands, that makes it too expensive for them to farm.

So another way that we can address it.

So four different ways to try and solve some of these problems. I'm going to flash up some photos now.

And I want you to look closely at the photos and see do you think that this photo represents supporting small-scale farmers? Do you think it represents irrigation? Do you think it represents this new technology of hydroponics and aeroponics, of growing crops without soil? Or is it giving appropriate technology to people? So here are the photos.

Take a moment and see if you can match those photos up with the labels, with the solutions, to food production and food distribution.

Great work.

Well done.

You're working really hard.

Let's see if you've got these, this will help to start to give you an idea of some of these solutions.

It's important to have a knowledge of those.

And so, let's see if we can start to match these up.

See if you've got them correct, did you match up small-scale farmers? Where you can see that there's this farmer here, who is doing, looks like she's doing a wonderful job of farming and so that in that small-scale and so needs support.

Irrigation.

You can see here, there's a clever hose and water system to make sure that the soil stays nice and well-watered.

These futuristic looking, sort of benches pods, I don't really know what to describe those as, they're hydroponics and aeroponics, so that's growing those crops in without soil.

And lastly, you can see making sure there's the appropriate technology.

And so this group of farmers have hugely increased their yield there, the number of plants that they get, and can be sure that they're going to get that same number each year through using some technology that they've been given.

So great work.

You've thought about the global food security risk.

How that differs across the world, but also within regions.

How we do have enough food around the world.

And we do have solutions to end world hunger.

Where the different food security and insecurity is.

And also some solutions that can help to address that.

Amazing work today.

Really impressed with you.

Hopefully have a better understanding of the world around you, and I'll see you next time.

Bye.