Lesson video

Hello, I'm Mr. Hutchinson.

And welcome to our geography lesson.

We're learning all about population and over our units so far, and we've had lots of lessons and you've worked really hard, so well done.

So far, we've been looking at population and all sorts of different places around the world, including the whole world, how population can change, the different types of population you worked really hard.

And you've got really good understanding now of the people living in the world.

In today's lesson, we going to bring it back home.

We're going to be looking in today's lesson at the United Kingdom.

We're going to be thinking about how the population is distributed currently in the United Kingdom.

And this is a bit about how it's maybe changed over time and how it's different in different places.

There's going to be a really useful way for you to get a better understanding of where you live.

To begin with in today's lesson, we're going to take a look at the four nations of the UK.

Just recap that and make sure we're really clear on the different nations and the country that we live in.

We'll then look at the population density around the UK.

We're looking at how population has grown or shrunk over time.

And we're finished with our end of lesson quiz.

If you haven't already, make sure you've got something to write with, make sure you got something to write on preferably a notebook, if not some paper.

And it's a good idea to have all of your notes together for this unit.

That would really useful at the end of the unit, when we write our essay and make sure that you've also got a nice quiet space.

Make sure that distractions are away.

If you've got a mobile that's on channel on to aeroplane mode, or just leave it in another room, just so you can really focus on this lesson, respect yourself, respect your brain, respect how are you going to grow and develop and become smarter and understand more it's worth taking that time to really focus on it.

Ready? Awesome work.

Great work.

First let's just recap, the four nations of the UK, where is the UK, can you point to it? Do you know where it is? The United Kingdom? Here's a map.

You can't quite see every country on this map, when chopped off a bit of South Africa, they've chopped off a bit of South America and you can't see Australia, but where's the UK? Can you point to it? Can you point to it straight away? I wonder if I shifted this map about, would you be able to find it pretty quickly? It's a good game to play.

Having the map in different locations, maybe upside down, can you still find the United Kingdom, well done if you're pointing.

Yeah, this is the United Kingdom.

This is where we are, that's where we live in.

So what's this continent, what's this continent, the United Kingdom is a part of, say out loud, great work, Europe.

United Kingdom is part of Europe, all these counties are part of Europe as well.

And this is what the UK looks like, okay.

This is the land that sort of shutting out from the sea.

This is the United Kingdom where Ireland, and we look like that.

Now you just noticed that the Republic of Ireland is sort of chopped off here.

It is there.

It does exist of course, but it's left off here because it's not one of the nations of the United Kingdom.

It's its own independent sovereign country.

And so we've just left off this map since it's just a map of the United Kingdom.

Your first task is, I wonder, if you've got a piece of paper there, preferably a blank piece of paper.

I wonder if you can sketch the United Kingdom? I wonder if you can draw out the shape of the United Kingdom, if you know, where it sort of South? If you know where rivers sort of cut in? if you know the overall shape, the thin bits, the fat bits of the United Kingdom, the different islands surrounding it? Could you sketch it without looking at the screen? That's maybe too much of a tricky challenge.

So don't worry if you can't, you can have a look at the screen and have a few goes and just see if you can sketch the United Kingdom possibly, and give that go, now.

Great work.

Now you've got your own sketch of the United Kingdom should look like this.

This is Great Britain, the whole of Great Britain.

And you can see that I've got the nation boundaries in here.

The United Kingdom is one country.

There are four different nations with the United Kingdom.

What are the names of the four different nations? Say them out loud.

Maybe drop them down.

Do you know them off the top of your head? You should also, we've got Scotland, England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Can you label Scotland, Wales, England, and Northern Ireland and add in the nation boundaries.

Here's one country.

That's one nation and there's another nation, you can just see the boundary there where they're split.

Can you draw those boundaries in, and label those different nations? Excellent work.

Well, adding that in.

You heard that I just made a slip up of country and nation and you might be thinking, well, hold on a second.

Are they countries, are they nations, countries, what's the difference between these two and it is quite complicated? United Kingdom is one country, one sovereign country, the United Kingdom with all those four nations.

A nation is a name of any group of people who live in the same location.

They have a shared land and also a shared sort of culture, a shared sense of identity.

And that can have lots of different things can contribute to that and so the people of Scotland have a shared identity, a shared culture.

The people of Scotland can feel Scottish and they can also feel like they are British, like they're part of the United Kingdom.

Now within our system, within the United Kingdom, we have one government in charge of the whole United Kingdom, which is based in Westminster with a prime minister, but each of the four nations have what's called a devolved parliament or a devolved assembly, where there are also groups within those nations, that can now make lots of decisions for those nations.

Scotland can make its own policies or lots of different laws and lots of different things within their own nation.

But the United Kingdom is still one country with one parliament overall, that's in charge.

It's a bit complicated, but it's worth getting your head around because this is where we live.

We should know what the system is in terms of the different nations and countries.

You've got your different nations.

Now, I'd like you to add in the four capital cities of the different nations.

You've got England and you shut up England here, you got Wales just here, Scotland or the North here and Northern Ireland here.

Can you add in the capital cities now? And I'd like, so I'd like you to say, to add in the capital city is what I'd like you to do is first of all, locate them.

Do you know where they are? Could you find them on a map? I said, point to Edinburgh.

could you point to where it should be.

Put a dot where you think it is, I'm going to show you in a moment.

So it doesn't matter if you get it wrong, you can just correct.

Put a dot where you think that capital city is, and then label it with its name.

If you're not quite sure, just wait for me to reveal it and then you can add it in afterwards, but give it a go.

If you think that, you know.

Okay, great work.

Let's see how you did.

And this is a really good chance to just correct your work.

If you made a mistake and no problem, if you did.

And if you just didn't know, if you thought, "Oh, I don't know where these capital cities are".

That's fine too.

Now is your chance to add them in.

The first one that we can see has done for you London.

London is just here in England and it's a capital city of England.

Belfast, the capital city of Northern Ireland.

It's just on this red dot here.

Cardiff, the capital city of Wales is just on this red dot here, down in the South and Edinburgh, the capital city of Scotland is just here.

So add those in now, if you didn't get a chance so that your map is complete with the four nations and the capital cities.

Great work, well done.

We've seen the four nations.

What the population of the different four nations we've been learning all about population in these lessons.

So what the different populations.

Now we've already said, we've already looked at the population of the United Kingdom as a whole.

We've talked about that in previous lessons and said that that's about 66 or 67 million, something like that, but 66 or 67 million for everybody living in the United Kingdom in all four nations.

But how does it break down in terms of in each different nation? You might want to have a little bit of a guess.

How many people live in England, what's the population of England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland? You might want to have a little guess before I tell you.

The population of England is about 56 million people.

It's 56,286,961.

The population of Wales on the other hand is 3 million people.

So 56 million people in England and just over 3 million people in Wales, 3,152,879.

The population of Scotland is greater than Wales, but it's smaller than England.

There's the population of Scotland is about 5,463,300.

These numbers are obviously approximate, which there are people being born and dying and moving all the time.

The population of Northern Ireland is about just under 2 million.

So the smallest population is the four nations.

There's about 1,893,667.

Have a look at those kind of about to test you on them.

Make sure that you've memorised them.

And because I'm going to ask you now to see if you can match them up.

A bit of a warning for you, and let's see if you can remember.

We've got England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, and I jumbled up the different populations.

Can you match up the country, the nation, sorry, with the different population? Is that something that you can do? You might want to write down the nation, the name of the nation, and then next write down its population.

That'd be a good way to reprocess again.

Make sure it sticks in your head, pause the video and get that going now.

Great.

Let's check them out to see if you've got them correct.

So England should be 56 million.

I'll just round it.

Wales was just over 3 million, Scotland, about five and a half million and Northern Ireland about 1.

9 million.

Just into 1.

9 million, just two million.

I'm going to just intimidate well done.

Well, I don't know if you've got all of those, correct.

Well, then if you written them down, you're doing a great job, you're working hard, you're going above and beyond and you're going to remember all of this content much more and be an absolute genius.

So you're awesome.

Well done.

What for the population density around the UK? The population density is where population density we have looked at before.

Population density is a term that we use to tell us how many people are living in an area.

And that's usually a square kilometre.

So one kilometre, a square with one country as each of the edges, you look at an area that sort of square kilometre down, and you say, how many people live in there? And if lots of people live very close together.

Like they do where I live, for example, I live in a major city and there's lots and lots of people that live near me, all sorts of blocks of flats nearby with thousands of people in.

The population density will be very, very high here.

There'll be lots of people living close together.

In other places, the population density is not high.

It's low, very few people live in a particular area.

They might be surrounded by countryside and no other people because the population density is low.

We can look at the population density around the UK and see how it differs around the UK in different areas.

And that's exactly what we're going to do now.

The first thing that you're going to need to do is you're going to need to make this table because I'm going to take a bit of a tour around the United Kingdom.

I'm going to show you a video of me looking at different places around the United Kingdom spotting, where there's high population density and where there's low population density.

I mentioned the names of some of those regions and places.

And so what I'd like you to do is, draw this table.

Have this table ready, draw out now.

And then as you watch the video, you can make a list of the cities and the areas that have either a high density of people or a low density of people.

You can use this, as you watching the video to collect the names.

So pause the video and get that table ready now.

Okay, great work.

We're ready to go.

WE're going to play the video and you need to have your pen ready because as the video is playing, you should be jotting down those places, the high density, population density, and a low population density.

Here we go.

From here showing all of the four nations and you'll notice that there are different colours.

Ranging from a sort of light yellow colour to a darker blue colour.

And those colours relate to this scale of population density.

The darker, the colour, as it gets towards dark blue, the higher the population density, that means more people are living within a smaller area.

Say more people are living closer together.

They're more densely populated.

And just looking at the whole of the United Kingdom, you can immediately see the areas where there is high population density, dark blue, or low population density, light yellow.

The first thing I'd like you to do is point to any area of the United Kingdom that you can see, which has a light population, density, it's sparsely populated, or that many people living closely together.

Where in the UK, is there a light population density? Excellent, well done.

Point at the screen.

Any areas that you see, super.

You might have pointed up in Scotland in the Highlands of Scotland or in the North of Scotland.

You might've pointed up towards the West of Northern Ireland, the North of North of Northern Ireland.

You might've pointed towards Wales, especially Northern Wales and Western Wales.

And you might've pointed down towards the Southwest of England or you might've pointed towards the North of England and the Northeast of England.

Let's take a closer look at each of the nations now, because we'll notice that even within a nation, there's a real big difference between areas that are densely populated and areas that are more likely populated, let's start with Northern Ireland.

So you point to Northern Ireland.

Well done, you should be pointing here? And let's just zoom in to Northern Ireland.

We know that the capital city of Northern Ireland is what? Excellent, Belfast and Belfast, the capital city of Northern Ireland is the most densely populated on my scale here, it goes up to eight.

This is the most densely populated area.

Around Belfast, then we also have higher population density, more people living closer together, four, three, four, four.

And as we go further away from Belfast towards Londonderry, or derry then we'll see that the population density really decreases.

And as we go into the West of Northern Ireland here, then we'll see the population that seems goes down to what not many people living there, people living very far apart.

Let's have a quick look at Scotland now.

Zoom across to Scotland.

And you'll notice that the population density, the North of Scotland is very low except for this area here.

What's this? This is Aberdeen here.

Aberdeen has seven upon our scale.

The population density is seven, but all around Aberdeen, you'll notice that the population density is very low.

People live with plenty of land around them.

However, if we look here in Scotland, capital city of Edinburgh, we have high population density.

And if we move a little bit further, in fact, not the capital city, but another major city in Scotland, Glasgow city, has an even a higher population density than Edinburgh.

Edinburgh, eight Glasgow, nine.

These two cities, high population density as I'd expect, some high population density around those major cities.

Let's zoom down now into England.

And we'll see, as we case was the North of England.

Areas like Northumberland and Carlyle, Eden, Alladale, then we'll see that these areas have low population density.

These areas have low population density except in the Northeast of England where a few major cities, including Middlesbrough and Newcastle have high population density, especially in Newcastle upon time.

If we go down to this a bit further than we see we have higher population density and some of the cities like whole York, Leeds, Manchester, and Liverpool.

And this is a bit of a difference between England and Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, the density in England United is little pockets of highly dense population.

And these are the cities, the major cities in England.

For example, here, we can see Lincoln here.

We can see a whole here.

We can see Norwich and Ipswich and Cambridge dotted around these major cities, which are very densely populated.

And they can often be surrounded by rural areas where the population density is very low.

Birmingham in the West Midlands, another very densely populated area.

And of course, we go down to the capital city of England, London.

It's very, very densely populated all around the centre and still densely populated as we move out.

The Southwest of England on the other hand, huge area, that's not very densely populated to tool, lots and lots of countryside with not many people living in it.

A few exceptions, Plymouth and Exeter.

If we look at Wales, then we see the capital city of Cardiff is densely populated and around it has got two people living closely together, but as we move up towards the North, then when not right densely and then North of Wales, it doesn't have many people living in there.

They're living in plenty of land.

So big differences in population density within nations and change it and differences in population density between nations of the United Kingdom.

You should have collected that different locations, different cities, different places, different regions that had high population density and low population density.

And you can see across the UK, so different picture in different places.

And it's really varied.

There are some pockets that are very, very densely populated and other pockets that aren't so densely populated.

And hopefully, the United Kingdom a little bit better now in the sorts of way that the population is distributed around our country.

It's really interesting to look at that map and see the differences across the UK.

We've had a look at the population density around the UK.

What about the population growth? What about how the population is changing around the UK or how it has changed around the UK? Well, this graph here, shows us the population growth from 1953 to 2019.

Here we've got 1953 and as we move along the Y axis, we move forward in time until we get to the last year that we have statistics for, which is mid 2019.

Now this scale along the, sorry, I said the Y axis, oh my goodness me, I made a Y, I made a Y axis, X axis error.

What am I doing? Along the Y axis, along the X axis that time along the Y axis here, we have the percentage I knew population change.

If we've got no point to below, this means that the population is getting smaller and above zero, I've got 0.

2, 0.

4, 0.

6, 0.

1.

This means the population is growing by 1%.

This line tells us the year and whether the population is growing.

If it's above zero, is above this line here.

It means the population is growing.

The population is still grew hugely around the start of the 1960s.

And then the population was still growing, but a much slower rates until about 1981 here, 1982 perhaps, the population actually started to shrink, started to get smaller, but that picked up again and the population started to grow again and really grew quickly during this period.

And just recently started to decline.

So it's still growing.

It's still above zero.

It starts to decline.

A few questions here, in which point, in which year, where's the population growth at it's highest in the UK? You need to look closely at the X axis and find the year for the point of highest growth within the UK.

Pause the video and write that down now somewhere.

You might like to write it in a full sentence.

If you're feeling especially studious, you should always write in full sentences.

It looks like it's 1963 here.

If I draw up, it's 1963, this is where I can see the percentage annual population changes 0.

9.

I think that's the largest amount of growth in the last 50 and the last empty year, sorry.

In which year was the population growth at its lowest in the UK? So have a look now, when was it at its lowest? Pause the video and give that a try, write out a full sentence if you can.

1982.

It's just this point here, right at the bottom when they population is actually shrinking.

The growth was actually negative growth.

It was shrinking.

Here's another one for you.

The population of the UK is currently growing.

Is that true or false? If you're one of the people that's writing down full sentences here, you're amazing.

Well done.

That's true.

The population is growing in the UK is just not growing as quickly as it has been in the past, but it's above 0%.

So the population growth is still growing.

That's just done for today.

I got some of my data from.

That's done for today.

Well done.

Hopefully now, you know, a little bit more about the population of the UK are four different nations.

How within those nations population is distributed differently around the different places and the different regions that some places have lots of people living very closely together and other places don't other places are very sparsely populated.

You know, how the population has been changing.

It's been growing for about the last 70 years it's been growing except for one year, every year, that growth has started to slow down recently.

So the population is going to continue to rise.

The population of the UK will continue to get bigger, but at a slower rate than it has in the past.

You've worked extremely hard.

If you've got pages of lots of different information in front of you and well done, this country really helpful as we come to bring together all of our learning from this topic, and then our next few lessons.

Thanks for joining and welcome for working so hard.

I'll see you next time.