Hi, my name is Mr. Lowlidge, and I can't wait to get learning with you today.

We're going to have a fantastic time in this geography lesson.

Today's lesson is "Preparing and responding to earthquakes," and that's from our unit "Earthquakes, how do they change the world?" Our learning is quite tricky today, but I'm here to help and we can go through everything together.

Let's get started.

By the end of the lesson, you'll be able to describe and explain how the impact of an earthquake can be lessened by being prepared and that different parts of the world have different capacities to respond.

Okay.

Our keywords for today are impact, early warning system, earthquake-proof, and emergency supplies.

To have an impact is to have an effect on someone or something.

An early warning system detects earthquakes so that people can be prepared.

Something that is earthquake-proof can withstand the impact of earthquakes.

Emergency supplies are the items that are essential in an emergency.

Our learning today will be split into three parts.

How can governments prepare for an earthquake? How can people prepare for an earthquake? And how can other nations help after an earthquake? So let's begin with our first part.

How can governments prepare for an earthquake? The impact of an earthquake can be very severe, but preparing for earthquakes can reduce their impact.

Governments can prepare for earthquakes in many different ways, and we're going to look at these throughout the slide deck.

One way governments can prepare is by installing earthquake early warning systems. Earthquake early warning systems detect seismic waves travelling through the Earth's crust.

Seismic waves are the waves of energy that are released from an earthquake.

Instant alerts of an earthquake reach an alert centre where they determine the location, the magnitude of the earthquake, and how it will feel.

Here, we can see the tectonic plate slipping along the fault line.

Then the epicentre, which is the point where seismic waves hit the Earth's surface first.

Then the seismic wave travelling and alerting a sensor, which instantaneously alerts the earthquake alert centre.

If an earthquake is strong enough and in a location that will impact people, a message will be sent out from the earthquake alert centre to warn people, giving them precious seconds to prepare.

Seconds may not seem like a long time to prepare, but it may just be long enough to give some people time to find cover or help others who are more vulnerable.

Okay, we have our first check for understanding here with a true or false question.

Early warning systems can predict earthquakes that will happen in the future.

Is that true or false? Pause the video now to think about that question.

Okay, welcome back.

So the answer to that question was false.

Early warning systems cannot predict earthquakes that will happen in the future.

But can you justify your answer? Is it because A, early warning systems alert individuals of an imminent earthquake by detecting seismic waves through Earth's crust? Or is it B? Early warning systems make predictions as to when and where an earthquake will occur.

Pause the video now and have a think about that question.

Okay, so the answer to that question was A.

Early warning systems alert individuals of an imminent earthquake by detecting seismic waves through Earth's crust.

Well done if you got that right.

Early warning systems cannot make predictions.

Fantastic.

In areas prone to earthquakes, governments of wealthier nations have the financial ability to prepare for earthquakes by building earthquake-proof buildings.

Earthquake-proof buildings sit on large shock absorbers, like suspension on a mountain bike, but instead of moving up and down, when an earthquake hits, the shock absorbers move side to side and absorb the force of an earthquake.

This allows the building to remain upright.

Okay, we have another check for understanding here.

How do the shock absorbers absorb the force of an earthquake? Do they move up and down? Do they move in and out? Or do they move side to side? Pause the video and have a think about that question.

Okay, the answer to that question was C.

The shock absorbers move side to side.

Okay, and that's to absorb the shock of the seismic waves travelling through the Earth's crust.

Well done if you got that question correct.

Okay.

We are now on to our first task.

Write down and explain two ways in which governments can reduce the impact of earthquakes.

Use the pictures there to help you.

Pause the video now and try and complete that task.

Okay.

Welcome back.

Does your work include the following information? Two ways in which governments can reduce the impact of earthquakes is by installing early warning systems. If an earthquake is strong enough and in a location that will impact people, a message will be sent out to warn people, giving them precious seconds to prepare.

And secondly, by building earthquake-proof buildings that absorb the force or the shock of an earthquake, and this allows the building to remain upright.

Well done if you got both of them.

Fantastic learning.

Okay.

We are now on to the second part of our learning.

How can people prepare for an earthquake? By preparing for earthquakes, individuals and families can reduce their impact.

Individuals and families can prepare for earthquakes in many different ways.

One way individuals and families can prepare for earthquakes is by practising what to do in the event of an earthquake.

In the event of an earthquake, people are advised to drop, cover, and hold on.

By dropping to the ground, you lower your centre of gravity, and this means the likelihood of being knocked over and injuring yourself is far less.

You should find cover underneath a table or desk.

You should always stay clear of windows, in case they shatter, and other heavy objects that could fall on you.

You wouldn't want to find cover under anything that could potentially collapse and land on you.

And lastly, hold on.

Holding onto the desk or table you're underneath will reduce the chances of it hitting you, hitting into you, and causing you harm.

So remember that's drop, cover, and hold on.

Let's check our understanding again here.

What three things should individuals and families do in the likelihood of an imminent earthquake? Dive, cover, and hope.

Drop, care, and hide.

Or C, drop, cover, and hold on.

Pause the video now to answer that question.

Okay, welcome back.

So that one was C, drop, cover, and hold on.

Well done if you got that question correct.

Individuals and families can also prepare by ensuring they have adequate emergency supplies.

Remember, emergency supplies is one of our keywords, and they are the items that are essential in an emergency.

What emergency supplies do you think you might need in the event of an emergency? Pause the video and have a think about that question.

Okay, welcome back.

So, Sarah says, she might need a first aid kit.

And Tom says, he might need water and food.

Well done if you got either of those.

In the event of an earthquake, families and individuals are advised to have a fire extinguisher, a first aid kit, water and food to last two weeks, a torch with spare batteries and bulbs, and a portable radio.

Okay, we've got another check for understanding here.

What five things are families and individuals advised to have in the event of an earthquake? Pause the video now and see if you can remember all of those five essential items. Okay, let's check to see if you got those right.

So, families and individuals are advised to have a fire extinguisher, a first aid kit, water and food to last two weeks, a torch with spare batteries and bulbs, and also a portable radio.

Well done if you got all of those five essential items. Okay.

We're now on to the second task of today.

So your task is to create a poster to explain how individuals and families can prepare for earthquakes.

Remember to include what to do in an earthquake and what emergency supplies there are to prepare.

Pause the video now and have a go at completing that task.

Welcome back.

Does your work include the following information? What to do in the event of an earthquake.

Drop, cover, and hold on.

Items you're advised to have in the event of an earthquake.

A fire extinguisher, a first aid kit, water and food to last two weeks, a torch and also a portable radio.

Well done if you got all that correct.

We are now on to the third part of our learning.

How can other nations help after an earthquake? In the event of an earthquake that has caused great damage, other nations will often provide support by sending resources and donations to countries that need it.

This means wealthier countries can help poorer nations, who do not always have the resources and finance available to them to be able to recover from an earthquake.

So in a nutshell there, we have wealthier nations helping poorer nations that have been affected by serious and damaging earthquakes.

One way wealthier nations can support countries hit by earthquakes is by giving money.

What do you think the money would be used for? Pause the video now and have a think about that question with your partner.

Okay.

So Sarah says, "The money could be used to rebuild." And Tom says, "The money could be used to buy food and water." Countries can support nations hit by earthquakes by providing food clean and water, providing shelter or temporary accommodation, providing clothing and other necessities, providing first aid to injured individuals, and providing money for rebuilding.

Okay.

We're now on to our next check for understanding.

I'd like you to choose one of the items below and discuss with your partner why nations hit by earthquakes would need help with that option and how other countries can offer support.

The options to choose from are rebuilding.

So why would a nation need support rebuilding? Food, clean water, shelter, clothing, and first aid.

Pause the video now and see if you can answer that question.

Okay, welcome back.

You may have said, poorer nations hit by earthquakes may need additional resources and financial support to help them recover from a serious earthquake.

One example you may have said, for instance, is that after an earthquake, sadly, some people are left without shelter, so other nations can help by providing temporary accommodation.

Nations will also support by sending emergency supplies in the form of care packages.

Care packages are distributed to individuals and families and will often include a tent for shelter when homes have been damaged, food and drink to keep people nourished, and lastly, a blanket to keep warm.

In some cases, medical professionals are also sent to countries in need to provide first aid or emergency hospitals.

First aid helps people who are injured or ill to support them until they're able to move to safety or get to hospital.

Okay, we've got our next check for understanding.

What three items will a care package often include? Let's have a think about the three essential items here.

Pause the video and answer that question with your partner.

Okay.

Welcome back.

Did you say the three essential items for a care package are a tent, food and drink, and also a blanket? Well done if you got all those correct.

Okay.

That brings us on to our last task of today.

Complete the table with what help is needed and how it helps.

As you can see, the Why help is needed box is filled in, so that's the impact of an earthquake has had.

So you need to think about what support would be given and how the support helps.

Once you've completed that task, explain to your partner how other nations support people in affected countries in the event of an earthquake.

Pause the video now and see if you can fill in that table and answer the question below.

Welcome back.

Your work may have included.

So, why help is needed.

If a home is destroyed, the support given would be tent and blankets.

The support helps by giving people somewhere to shelter and keep warm.

If people are injured, the support given would be doctors.

How the support helps is it allows people to recover from injuries.

Why help is needed.

If food and water supplies are disrupted, then food and water will be given, and that's to prevent people from being hungry and thirsty.

And lastly, if roads are damaged, other nations can provide support by giving money, so the area can buy supplies and rebuild the roads.

Well done if you answered all that correct.

Let's look at our question two.

So our next question was, explain to your partner how other nations support people in affected countries in the event of an earthquake.

So, we have two pupils here.

One says, "Wealthier nations can support by donating money to countries hit by earthquakes.

Money can be used to rebuild, provide clean water and food, provide clothing, accommodation, and first aid." Another pupil says, "Nations can also send care packages that often include tents for temporary shelter, blankets, food and water." Fantastic learning, guys.

Well done if you got all those questions right.

That takes us to the end of our lesson.

Let's quickly summarise today's lesson.

We have learned that being prepared for an earthquake reduces its impact on people and the built environment.

We've also learned that there are many different ways that governments can prepare, e.

g.

, for example, with earthquake-proof buildings and early warning systems. Families and individuals can also be prepared by practising what to do in an earthquake and having emergency supplies.

And that wealthier nations are more able than poorer nations to respond to the challenge of a major earthquake.

Well done for all your really hard work today.

I hope to see you again for some more fantastic geography.

Bye!.