Lesson video

Hello everybody.

Mrs. Lomas here.

I am a primary school teacher that loves geography, so I'm very excited to be sharing your geography lesson with you today.

I've had a little sneak peek and it's on one of my favourite topics in the world.

So shall we have a look and see what we're going to be doing today? So today we are going to be looking at the geography of food, which is part of our Farms and factories: Where does our food come from? Unit.

So I hope you've all eaten something before today's lesson, or we might have some rumbling stomachs.

I know I will be getting hungry, as I said, this is one of my favourite topics, food.

So by the end of today's lesson, you will be able to describe the processes involved in commercial bread production.

And we have some key words today which are food production, processing, distributing, retailers, commercially.

So let's do my turn your turn.

Food production, processing, distributing, retailers, commercially.

Well done.

Let's have a look at what some of these words mean.

Food production is the process of turning raw materials into food that can be eaten.

Processing means making changes to a food's natural state.

An example is cooking beans in a tomato sauce and preserving them in tins.

Distributing is delivering something out to where it is needed.

Retailers are people or businesses that sell goods.

And if something is produced commercially, it is made for the purpose of making money.

So we are looking at the production of bread commercially today.

So not the bread that you might make at home in your kitchen, but that bread that you find in supermarkets and other shops.

So today's lesson is split into two parts, asking questions about food and how is food produced? And we are going to start with asking questions about food.

In this unit, we are going to be learning about food.

What is your favourite food to eat? And which foods do you like least? Aisha says that her favourite food to eat is pizza, but Jun says that he doesn't like eating fish.

Pause the video here and have a discussion which foods you do and don't like to eat.

And when you're ready, come back.

How did you get on? Did you have lots of the same favourite foods and lots of the same foods you didn't like? And were there any that were a surprise? Because pizza is one of my favourite foods, I'm always surprised if somebody else doesn't like to eat it.

Geography is the study of the world and geography is learning about different places, environments and people and the relationships between these.

So how does food fit into geography? Well, we can think of the geography of food as the study of how and where food is produced and consumed.

We can use questions to investigate the geography of food.

Aisha would like to know how have people's diets changed over time? And Jun would like to know what similarities and differences are there between people's diets around the world? Asking questions helps us to do a few things.

Firstly, it helps us to consider any existing knowledge we have about a topic.

It also helps us to think more deeply and solve problems. And finally, it helps us to make connections between what we learn at school and our own lives and experiences.

For your first task today, I would like you to think of three questions you would like to investigate about the geography of food and then share your ideas with somebody else.

When we are thinking of questions, our question words can come in handy, who, what, where, when, why, how? Okay.

What if? Yeah.

So think of three questions you would like to investigate about the food of no, the geography of food even, and then share your ideas with somebody else.

Pause the video and come back when you are ready.

How did you get on? Did lots of you have the same question or similar questions? And were there some quite random questions that popped up that now you really want to know as well? Here are three ideas from Andeep, Aisha and Jun.

Andeep would like to know why do different crops grow in different places? Aisha would like to know, is there enough food for everyone to eat? And Jun would like to know what might we eat in the future? So now we've looked at asking questions about food.

We're going to look at one question in particular, which is how is food produced? So let's think about how our food is produced.

We can see here some eggs, some chips, some corn flakes and some pizza.

How did these foods get to your plate? Pause the video, have a discussion and then come back when you're ready.

How did you get on? Let's have a look, shall we? How the food we eat is produced, processed, distributed and consumed is complex, but it all comes from plants and animals.

What plants and animals are used in the production of the foods shown here? Pause the video, have a discussion and come back when you're ready.

How did you get on? Jun thinks that eggs are from birds like hens and chips are made from potatoes.

Corn flakes are made from corn.

Pizza is made from wheat for the base, tomatoes for the sauce and milk for the cheese.

Much of the food we eat makes a journey from farms where animals are reared and crops grown, to shops where people purchase it.

And there we can see an example of a chicken and some wheat and a shop where the products that are made from these might be sold.

There are often many different stages involved in food production.

To begin with, you have to grow your crops or rear your animals.

Then, processing food to make it into food that can be eaten or stored.

Next, packaging food.

After that, you need to distribute the food to the retailers to be sold.

Then you have to transport the food to people's homes once it's been bought.

And finally the food will either be eaten or sometimes unfortunately wasted.

Okay, can you name one of the stages often involved in food production? Pause the video, have a go and then come back and check when you're ready.

How did you get on? If you said one of these, you are correct.

So we've got growing crops or rearing animals, processing food, packaging food, distributing food to retailers to be sold, transporting food to people's homes, and then the food being either eaten or wasted.

We are going to investigate how bread is made commercially.

We will find out where the ingredients come from and how the bread is produced.

The main ingredient of bread is often wheat, though other grains can also be used.

Wheat is a major crop in the UK.

85% of the wheat we use is grown in the UK.

The ears of wheat contain the grains which are used to make bread.

And you look at this picture here, you can see, can't you, the wheat growing and the ears are the top part where you can see the different grains of the wheat all fitting together.

And then you can see some leaves as well, can't you? Okay.

But the ears are the top part where the grains are.

The wheat is harvested, which means it's cut, and the grains are separated from the stalks.

And we can see here, can't we? A combine harvester does that.

And then if you look, can you see the arm coming out of the combine harvester and the grains are then going into the trailer on the back of that tractor? So that must be must be quite tricky, wasn't it? Because the combine harvester and the tractor have to be going at the same pace.

Because if the tractor goes too quickly, the grain's just gonna come out and miss the tractor, isn't it? Which would be a waste of grain.

So very skilled job there.

In the UK, a hectare of wheat, an area about the size of a football pitch, produces an average of 7.

8 tonnes of grain in a year.

That's enough to make almost 12,000 loaves of bread.

And we do love bread in the UK, don't we? Especially a bit of toast in the morning.

So let's have a quick check.

Which crop is often the main ingredient of bread? A, barley.

B, corn.

C, oats.

or D, wheat? So once more, which crop is often the main ingredient of bread? A, barley.

B, corn.

C, oats.

or D, wheat? Pause the video, have a go, collect your answers and then come back when you're ready.

How did you get on? If you said that it was D, wheat, you would be correct.

Well done.

About a third of all the grocery items in our supermarkets contain wheat flour.

What other foods can you think of that contain wheat flour? Pause the video, collect your ideas, and then come back when you are ready.

How did you get on? Did you come up with any of these? Obviously we know bread, don't we? But also pasta, cakes and crackers as well.

So all of these products can contain wheat flour, but how does it go from being harvested grains of wheat to flour? Well, once it's all been harvested and collected, the grains will then be milled.

Milling is where it's ground down into a flour, that fine powder that is flour, as well as having any of the impurities or dirt that might have got caught up in there as well, removed.

So let's have a quick check.

What two processes take place during the milling? I want you to select two answers for this question.

So what two processes take place during milling? A, adding water.

B, grinding.

C, removing dirt and impurities.

And D, roasting.

Okay, so what two processes take place during milling? Select two answers.

A, adding water.

B, grinding.

C, removing dirt and impurities.

And D, roasting.

Pause the video, have a go, collect your answers and then come back when you are ready.

How did you get on? If you said that it was B, grinding and C, removing dirt and impurities, you would be correct.

Well done.

So now we've got the flour.

The flour is then mixed with water, yeast and salt to form a dough.

Other ingredients are often added as well, such as sugar, fat, and emulsifiers.

The dough is then shaped and baked in an oven to make bread.

There are lots of different types, sizes and shapes of bread as well, aren't there? Most of the bread we eat is produced in large amounts by machines in factories.

And here we can see some bread rolls being made, can't we? They do look delicious.

Okay, I want you to tell me true or false and then you're going to choose A or B to justify your answer.

So true or false, most of the bread we eat is made in small bakeries.

And then justify your answer with either A, Most bread is produced by machines in factories.

This means bread can be produced in large quantities very quickly.

Or B, Most of the bread we eat is made at home.

So true or false, most of the bread we eat is made in small bakeries.

And then A, Most bread is produced by machines in factories.

This means bread can be produced in large quantities very quickly.

Or B, most of the bread we eat is made at home.

Pause the video, have a go, collect your answers and come back when you're ready.

How did you get on? If you said that it is false that most of the bread we eat is made in small bakeries because A, most bread is actually produced by machines in factories, which means bread can be produced in large quantities very quickly, you would be correct.

Well done.

So the answer was false and A.

Once the bread has been made and sometimes sliced before it goes out, the bread is then packaged.

Plastic is often used for packaging and there are advantages and disadvantages of using plastic.

And Jun thinks that plastic packaging keeps the bread fresh and dry, but single use plastic is very bad for the environment.

The bread is then transported to retailers such as supermarkets to be sold.

And Jun then says that the bread is then transported to people's homes after they buy it in a supermarket.

They might walk, or use a car, or a bus to transport it home.

So I want you to think how is the bread transported to the shops and then how is it often transported to people's homes and why might this not be so good for the environment? Pause the video, have a discussion and then come back when you are ready.

How did you get on? Hopefully the photo there gave you a bit of a hint that a lot of our bread will be transported in lorries, which obviously does not help pollution and doesn't help with climate change.

And again, if people are using a car rather than public transport or walking or cycling, then again not great for the environment, transporting the food home.

So people have eaten bread for hundreds of years and nearly 11 million loaves of bread are sold in the UK every day.

That is a lot of toast and marmalade, isn't it? Not all of the bread produced is eaten.

Some of it ends up as waste.

Almost 25%, which is one quarter of the food purchased in the UK is wasted.

Bread is one of the most wasted food and drink items in the UK.

Every day we throw away the equivalent of 25 million slices of bread.

So let's have a quick check, shall we? What percentage of the food purchased in the UK is wasted? A almost 5%.

B, almost 15%.

C, almost 25%.

Or D, almost 35%.

So again, what percentage of the food purchased in the UK is wasted? A, almost 5%.

B, almost 15%.

C, almost 25%.

Or D, almost 35%.

Pause the video, have a go, collect your answers and then come back when you're ready.

How did you get on? If you said C, almost 25%, you would be correct.

That is a lot of food waste though, isn't it? Can you think of any reasons why food waste isn't great? It's not a good thing.

They might be environmental reasons, economic reasons, human reasons.

Pause the video, have a class discussion and then come back when you are ready.

How did you get on? Has it maybe made you think about the food waste you might contribute to either in school or at home? And maybe you could start to think about wasting less food, hopefully.

Okay, let's do a little check as well on the stages of commercial bread production.

I would like you to order the stages of commercial bread production.

Your options are crop, packaging, distribution, processing, eating, production, harvest and waste.

So I want you to order the stages of commercial bread production.

And you have all the options here at the bottom, which are for all the stages at the bottom, which are crop, packaging, distribution, processing, eating, production, harvest and waste.

Have a go, pause the video, have a go, and then come back when you are ready.

How did you get on? If you'd said that number one is the crop, you would be correct.

And next, harvest.

Three, processing.

Four, production.

Five, packaging.

Six, distribution.

Seven, eating.

And eight, waste, you would be correct.

Well done.

If you didn't quite get it all right, just pause the video here, have a little look, make some corrections, and then come back when you're ready.

Okay, so for task B, I would like you to draw and describe what happens at each stage of commercial bread production using the boxes in the table to help you.

So the boxes are crop, harvest, processing, production, packaging, and distribution.

So I want you to draw and describe what happens at each stage of commercial bread production, crop, harvest, processing, production, packaging, and distribution.

Pause the video, have a go, and when you're ready, come back and we'll have a look at one that I did.

How did you get on? Now I didn't draw in my example because my drawing skills aren't the best.

The last time I drew a tiger it looked like a mouse that had been going to the gym and put on a lot of muscle, so, and had some weird stripes.

A muscly mouse with weird stripes.

So I hope you forgive me.

I've just the writing the for mine, but here is what I thought for stage.

So for crop I said that wheat is grown in fields by farmers.

Harvest, when the wheat is fully grown, it is harvested by cutting it.

You might have mentioned the equipment used there as well.

Processing, the wheat is separated from the stalks and husks and ground into flour.

Production, the flour is mixed with yeast, water, salt and other ingredients, and then shaped and baked.

Packaging, the bread is packed in bags or wrapped in waxy paper.

And distribution, the bread is delivered to shops and supermarkets in huge delivery trucks.

You might have added in extra things, which is fantastic.

But if you did miss out any important parts, now is your chance to pause the video and add them in.

So to summarise the geography of food.

How food is produced, processed, distributed, and consumed is complex, but it all comes from plants and animals.

Much of the food we eat makes a journey from farms, where animals are reared and crops grown, to shops where people purchase it.

And there are several different stages involved in the commercial production of bread.

Well done today, everybody.

Some fantastic geography there, some really good listening and you worked really hard.

Hopefully you enjoyed learning all about how bread is produced and there might have been a few surprises in there.

Very interesting, isn't it, about the single use plastic and the food waste.

So a bit of food for thought there.

Oh, do you like my pun? I do apologise.

Anyway, I had a really good time today in today's lesson and hopefully I will see you for some more lessons soon.

Bye.

Well done today everybody.

Some fantastic geography there, some really good listening.

And you worked really hard.

Hopefully you enjoyed learning all about how bread is produced and there might have been a few surprises in there.

Very interesting, isn't it, about the single use plastic and the food waste.

So a bit of food for thought there.

Oh, do you like my pun? I do apologise.

Anyway, I had a really good time today in today's lesson and hopefully I will see you for some more lessons soon.

Bye.