Lesson video

Hello, my name's Miss Gilyeat, and I'm going to be your geography teacher for today.

Our lesson today is the second lesson of the Global Trade Unit, and we are going to be learning about imports and exports.

We've got loads of interesting things to learn about, so I'm hoping that you're very excited about today's lesson.

I'm looking forward to teaching you.

Our learning outcome for today is that you can use import and export data to investigate global trade in commodities and manufactured goods.

We have got five keywords for today's lesson.

First of all, I'm going to say the keyword and I'd like you to repeat it back to me.

The first key word is imported, exported, commodities, manufactured, and data.

So imported are goods and services that are imported and brought in from another country, so things coming into a country basically.

Exported is goods and services that are exported or sold to another country, so goods coming out of a country to another one.

Commodities are raw materials that are grown or dug out of the ground.

Something that is manufactured is something that is made by humans, so not natural.

They are usually made in large quantities for selling.

And the final keyword data, data is a collection of information that can be analysed to help us answer a question.

All the keywords are highlighted in bold throughout the lesson.

We've got two key learning cycles for today's lesson.

The first one, we're going to look at what different types of goods we use.

And the second one we're going to look at what does import and export data show us.

So let's get going with the first learning cycle of what different types of goods that we use are.

So commodities are things that can be grown or dug out of the ground, which can then be bought or sold.

So they are natural things really.

So examples of different commodities include wheat, coffee, oil, gold.

All of these items are natural.

We find them in the ground or on the Earth's surface and we take them out to use them.

Now, sometimes we use them with no extra kind of process going on.

Sometimes we'll take that product and process it to use into something else.

I've got a few pictures of different commodities on the slide there.

Can you think of any other examples of different commodities? Something that is manufactured is something that is made by humans, so it's not natural.

Now usually, manufactured goods are made in large quantities, so they'll make a lot of them, and a lot of those goods will be sold to make money.

Now, for manufactured goods to happen, there are things that have been made out of raw materials.

Okay, so the raw materials are changed in some way to create a new product.

For example, wheat is turned into bread with other different examples of raw materials as well.

So wheat is a commodity, but bread rolls are manufactured goods.

So you wouldn't find bread rolls naturally in the world, but you do find wheat.

So we change that product and we use it into what we can then eat, which is bread.

Most manufactured goods are made out of a combination of different raw materials.

Okay, so it's quite common in some of them to have over 10, even hundreds, or even in some cases thousands of different parts, which have come from raw materials all around the world.

So for example, bread rolls are made from raw materials and manufactured materials.

So some of the ingredients of a bread roll is wheat flour, yeast, salt, sugar, and water.

All of those things together are what makes a bread roll.

On the slide, we've got a picture of a sofa.

This sofa has been made for many different raw and manufactured materials.

So natural things have gone into it, but other things which have been manufactured have gone into this manufactured good.

Let's have a look at some of the examples.

So we've got wood for the frame of the sofa.

Oil for the foam.

So oil is the raw material, but that oil has been used to make a foam that makes the sofa comfy, but that foam has been manufactured from the oil.

Cotton for the material on the outside and steel for the screws and springs.

So we can see there that different examples or different raw materials and manufactured materials can go into the making of one manufactured good.

Let's check our understanding.

Which of these is not a commodity? Is it A, wheat? B, oil? Or C, the computer? The answer is C, a computer.

A computer is a manufactured good and thousands of different items can go into the production of a computer.

We are now moving on to the first task.

So what I'd like you to do is sort the items below items into the table.

So you're going to put them under commodities or manufactured goods.

Now, these are the items that I'd like you to sort in.

So bananas, computers, cars, wheat, carrots, clothes, TVs, headphones, milk, and cakes.

Pause the video and have a go at putting those into the correct column in your table.

There is a worksheet to go with this lesson, but if not, you could just do it in your exercise book or whatever device you are using to work on.

The second task for task A is I'd like you to have a go at matching the raw material to the manufactured good that it's involved in making.

So some of the different examples of the raw materials include cotton, wood, and wheat.

So can you figure out which manufactured good they've gone into making? So we've got bread, t-shirt, and table.

The third task is I'd like you to choose a manufactured good and research what materials have gone into making it.

Pause the video and have a go.

So for task one, your table should look like this.

So bananas, wheat, carrots, and milk are all examples of commodities.

And computers, cars, clothes, TVs, headphones, and cakes are all examples of manufactured goods.

Let's have a go at matching these together.

So cotton goes with t-shirt, wood goes with table, and wheat goes with bread.

And this is some example of research of a good, but you might have got a different one than me and that's totally fine.

So for my school bag, my school bag is made from commodities, such as cotton and metal, and manufactured goods, such as plastic and nylon.

How did you do? Did you get them all right? Okay, so we're moving on to our second learning cycle, which is looking at what does import and export data show us? So quick reminder, imports are things that are coming into a country and exports are things which are going out of the country.

On the slide here, we can see that we import goods and services from all around the world.

So goods are physical things that we can see or use such as food or manufactured goods such as TVs or computers or clothing.

And services, services are things that we use, okay? So they might involve education, healthcare, or financial services.

Now, in the UK, we import lots of different goods and services.

So we import a lot of food, we import a lot of clothes, but also services such as education.

Now, I want you to have a think, why do you think that we import goods from other countries of the world? Why not just use the ones that we have ourselves? Now, there are actually lots of different reasons why we import goods and services from all around the world, but here are some of the main ones.

So countries might not be able to make or do these things themselves.

So for example, in the UK, we import a lot of tropical fruit and that is because we don't have the climate or the weather to grow it in the UK, but people still want to eat it.

And therefore, we have to import it from another country of the world.

There are also things that we are not able to make because we don't have the technology and the machinery to do so.

Another big reason is that it might be cheaper to buy these goods and services from other countries.

So you may already know if you did the first lesson in that a lot of our clothing comes from countries in Asia such as China, Bangladesh, India.

Now, one of the reasons that is is because it's cheaper for companies to make it over there than it is in places like the UK.

And if it's cheaper, it means that the companies can make more profit, and therefore rather than making them elsewhere, they make them in other countries and then we have to import them.

The goods and services from other countries might be of better quality.

They might be able to make them more efficiently and use other materials or technologies that we don't have in our country.

Let's check our understanding.

So what are imported goods? Is it A, things that we grow in the UK and sell to other countries? Is it B, things that we manufacture in the UK and sell to other countries? Or is it C, things manufactured in other countries and sold to people in the UK? Pause the video and have a go.

The answer is C, so things manufactured in other countries and sold to people in the UK.

Now, not only do we import a lot of things, but we also export things to other countries.

So this is when we are selling or sending goods and services out of our country.

Now, a lot of these goods are shipped to other countries on cargo ships.

So we've got a picture of a cargo ship on the slide here.

Now, you can see all of those boxes on top of their ships.

All of those are called containers.

And within the container, they will hold lots and lots of different goods.

Now, it can be really, really expensive if one of those container ships falls off the ship, which sometimes happens in big storms. So I've got a question there.

Why do you think it might be a good idea and why is it good for countries to export goods and services across to other countries? Why do you think that's beneficial to a country? So exporting things to other countries can help.

One of the main reasons is that businesses and companies selling these goods and services can grow bigger.

So they're not only just selling to the people within their country, but they can sell them globally.

And that means that the company can get bigger and bigger and bigger.

That means if the company gets bigger, that it has to create more jobs, and more jobs is beneficial to the people in the country because less people are unemployed, people have more money, and therefore have a higher standard of living.

And finally, that money can be used that the companies make or the people earn for governments to use to run the country.

Now, businesses and companies have to pay a tax, which is an amount of money that they earn, which goes to the government.

Now, a lot of companies aren't happy about that because they want to keep all the money themselves, but actually that money is really useful to the government because they can spend it on things like education, healthcare, transport, and all of those things help the country get better and better.

Let's check our understanding.

True or false.

Exports help countries make money.

That is true.

Can you justify the answer? True because they sell products to other countries or true because they reduce number of jobs? True because they sell products to other countries.

Not all countries import and export the same things or the same amount of things.

We can look at import and export data to see how much and what things different countries are importing and exporting.

Now, depending on where your country is located or what resources it has in the country or what different skills the people have, then different countries are able to export some things and they might be lacking of something else, which means that they will have to import it.

Now, this is a really kind of, a thing that a lot of governments and different companies and organisations will look at this data to understand what's coming into places and what's going out.

Now, some of the main things that the UK exports include cars and aircraft, machinery, oil, medication, financial services, and travel services.

Now, there are actually many, many more different things that we export, but these are some of the main ones, especially that a lot of UK's money comes from the financial services, which are mostly located in London.

We've got oil from the North Sea.

And actually, a lot of the people in the UK have very skilled jobs in engineering and manufacturing.

And that means things like cars and aircraft get sold to other countries around the world as well.

Now on the flip side, there are some things that the UK doesn't have as much of so it needs to import them.

Some of the main things that we import are some foods.

Now, generally, they are foods that we cannot grow in our own country, such as bananas.

Clothing.

One of the main reasons for that is that often clothing is cheaper to be made abroad and therefore we don't make it ourselves because people aren't willing to do those jobs and they don't get paid enough.

Fuel.

Some different examples of drinks.

So for example, in the UK, we don't have many vineyards to make wine because it's not warm enough, so we import things like wine from countries like France.

Travel services and business services as well.

Some of the main things that the UK imports, it also exports.

Now, that might seem a little bit strange, but there are some things that we can make, but we also sell as well.

So foods grown or manufactured in the UK can be exported, while foods grown or manufactured in other countries can be imported.

So for example, in parts of the country, we like to eat strawberries in summer, okay? And we can make our own strawberries, we can sell those to other countries, but actually in the winter, people still like to eat strawberries.

So at that time of the year, we have to import them.

So it says there, this means we can still eat fresh fruit and vegetables all year round even though they don't grow in the UK in winter or they don't grow in the UK at all.

So yeah, as I said, some things that we actually import at certain times of year we're actually able to make ourselves in the summer months.

Let's check our understanding.

Which of the following does the UK export? Is it A, cars? B, medication? Or C, bananas? So we do export cars and medication.

We don't export bananas.

We've not got the climate to grow them.

We're moving on to a task now.

So the first one is I'd like you to use the data in the table that we've got on the left which shows the amount of money the UK makes from these different exports.

So we've got fish and it's in billions, so we've got one billion pounds made from fish and we've got six billion pounds made in the selling of fruit and vegetables.

On the right, I have got a bar chart.

Now, I've actually completed two of the bars for you, which is the amount that the UK makes from meat and drinks.

And what I'd like you to do is finish the bar chart off to show how much we make from fish and how much we make from fruit and vegetables.

Pause the video and have a go.

You are then going to use your bar chart to answer these following questions.

So A, which of these products does the UK receive the most money from? B, which of these products does the UK receive the least money from? And C, what might limit meat exports from the UK? So why might it be difficult for countries like the UK to export as much meat? Pause the video and have a go.

So your bar chart should look a little bit like that.

So hopefully you've done that correctly.

Always make sure that when you complete bar charts that you use a ruler and a pencil and you do them as accurately as possible.

And let's go through the answers to the questions.

So which of these products does the UK receive the most money from? It's drinks.

Which does it receive the least money from? The answer is fish.

And C, what might limit meat exports from the UK? So it can be hard to export meat as it needs to be refrigerated.

Otherwise, it will go off.

Okay, so that's one real difficulty in trying to sell meat to other countries of the world.

Now, that's not just the case for the UK, but that's the case for lots of countries around the world as well.

It makes it harder to export meat all around the world.

On the slide, we've got a summary of today's lessons.

So global trade involves exporting goods from one country and importing them into other countries.

Manufactured goods are things which have been made out raw materials.

Commodities are raw materials which can be bought and sold.

And import and export data can be used to show the types and amounts of things different countries import and export.

Now, that's it for today's lesson.

There's been some quite tricky stuff there, so I hope you've done all right.

I'm sure you will have done.

I've had a brilliant time teaching you.

Yeah, and I hope you have lovely rest of your day.

I'll see you later.

Bye.