Lesson video

Hello, my name is Mr. March and I'm here today to teach you all about an example of an urban regeneration project.

So grab everything that you need for today's lesson and let's get going.

So by the end of today's lesson, you will be able to describe the location of the Albert Dock and explain the reasons for its decline and features of its regeneration.

There are two keywords for today's lesson, and those are urban regeneration and land use.

Now, urban regeneration refers to planned improvements to an area of deprivation within a town or city.

Land use refers to the function of a piece of land.

There are three learning cycles for today's lesson, and we are gonna start with the first learning cycle, which is the location of the Albert Dock.

Ordnance Survey maps or OS maps at different scales really help us to build descriptions of locations.

I've got three OS maps right here on the screen in front of you, and they slowly show more detailed maps of an area of Liverpool.

Now, my question to you is, why are different scales of map useful? You may like to pause the video here whilst you consider your own answer to this or perhaps even discuss it with someone near you.

Now, being able to use OS maps at a variety of scales really helps us build up that description.

Let me give you an example.

For example, Lime Street Station is found in central Liverpool.

If we were to look at this map, we would be able to get that detailed description straight away, but by using further more detailed maps, we're then able to build that description a little bit further.

We can then say that it is inland and close to major roads such as the A57.

It is also next to St.

John's Shopping Centre and close to many museums. So by using maps at a variety of scales, we're able to add different levels of description when describing the location of a place.

To build even more detail into our description, we can use something called scale.

Now, scale adds further locational detail.

The straight line distance from the entrance of Lime Street station to the Cenotaph is 120 metres.

We draw a straight line between Lime Street Station and the Cenotaph, and then we use that same distance of line on our scale to then work out how far it is, and we can see that it is then 120 metres.

So, a learning check.

We have two different points here, one from Lime Street Station and now to the hotel.

My question to you is, and this is our learning check, is what is the straight line distance from the entrance of Lime Street Station to that hotel? I would like you to pause the video here whilst you try and work out that answer.

And the correct answer was 200 metres.

So really, really well done if you were able to get that answer correct.

Once again, a map comes with a variety of different information.

One of those pieces of information is a compass needle, and we're able to use compass directions then to add further locational detail.

For example, we can see that Birkenhead is southwest of Liverpool.

Furthermore, Crosby is northwest of Liverpool city centre, so we can use compass directions to help us build that locational detail.

Let's study that map that's in front of you then.

So we can see that Lime Street Station is located in the centre of the map, and it says that to get from Lime Street station to the Cathedral, which is the bottom right box there, you would need to walk in a south-southeast direction.

That's absolutely correct.

Now, what I want you to do for the learning check is to decide in what direction you would need to walk to get from Lime Street Station to Albert Dock, which we can see in the left-hand box there.

So pause the video whilst you consider your own answer to that question.

And the answer was southwest.

Really, really well done if you got that answer correct.

Grid references again add further locational detail.

The grid reference of the entrance to Lime Street Station it's 503, 054.

Now, remember, to find a six-figure grid reference, we have to go to the bottom-left hand corner of the square that the X is located in.

So for example, with this X that we can see more or less in the centre of the map, we begin with 50.

That is our bottom left corner of that square.

Then we need to almost imagine that that big square that the X is located in, we need to try and imagine that there are 10 little lines going across and 10 little lines going up, and we need to imagine that the X is more or less three little squares going across.

Hence we have 50 and then 3.

Then we go on the y-axis, and again, we start with the bottom left corner of the square that the X is in, and on the y-axis we can see that it starts with 05.

Now, the final digit comes from, again, imagining that that's square is divided again into 10 little squares going up.

So following that sort of trajectory, we can see that the X is more or less four little squares, four little imaginary squares going up.

And so therefore we come out with a six-figure grid reference of 503, 054.

Now what I want you to do as a learning check is to try to work out, what is the grid reference of the entrance to the hotel where you can see that X now marked on the left-hand side of the map? So pause the video here whilst you try to work out the six-figure grid reference in front of you.

Best of luck.

And the answer was 482, 056.

Really, really well done if you got that answer correct.

So we're on now to our four practise questions for the first learning cycle, and it says, using information from all three maps, describe the location of the Albert Docks, and these are your three maps in front of you.

The second question says, what is the direction from Albert Dock to Lime Street Station? The third question says, what is the straight line distance from Albert Dock to the Cathedral? And remember, you'll need to use that scale in front of you.

And the fourth and final question says, what is the six-figure grid reference of the information centre in Albert Dock? So I'd like you to do at this point then is pause the video whilst you attempt these four practise questions.

Best of luck.

In terms of the feedback then, for question one, your answer may have included something like this.

Albert Dock is in central Liverpool on the north shore of the River Mersey.

It is south of the Royal Liver Building and next to the Salthouse Dock.

Now, the second question asks you to describe the location from Albert Dock to Lime Street Station, as shown on the map in front of you.

Now, here is our compass needle, which means that the answer is northeast.

Liverpool Lime Street Station is northeast of Albert Dock.

The third question says, what is the straight line distance from Albert Dock to the Cathedral? Again, there is the line for you shown on the map in front of you.

Here is our scale and here is the answer.

So the answer needed to be 1,350 metres or 1.

35 kilometres.

Really, really well done if you got that answer correct.

The fourth and final question says, what is the six-figure grid reference of this information centre in Albert Dock? And this was the answer that you needed to come out with.

So it's 342, 896.

Really, really well done if you managed to get that answer correct.

Time now for our second learning cycle, and this is all about the decline of the Albert Dock.

So the Albert Dock opened in 1846 and it occupied an area of around three hectares, equivalent to about three football fields.

The dock was surrounded by warehouses and served the sailing ships involved in the transatlantic trade.

This included goods such as cotton, sugar, and tobacco.

The Albert Dock was critical for Liverpool's growth and prosperity in the 19th century.

The 1860s, though, saw a major advancement in transportation technology, including the introduction of large steamships capable of carrying more cargo at greater speeds.

However, this progress had a negative impact on the Albert Docks, as these larger vessels were ill-suited to its confined space, leading to a decline in trade, as ships were forced to dock elsewhere.

By the 1920s, there were virtually no commercial ships using the dock.

During the Second World War, Liverpool's Albert Dock played a crucial role in the war effort.

It was used as a base for naval operations, particularly for the Royal Navy.

The dock became a key hub for the Battle of the Atlantic, serving as a storage and distribution centre for vital war supplies, including food, munitions, and military equipment.

The dock also housed anti-aircraft defences and was fortified to protect against German air raids.

Despite these defences, Albert Dock and the surrounding area suffered significant bomb damage during the Liverpool Blitz in 1940.

Additionally, parts of the dock were used for repairing and refitting ships, ensuring that damaged ships could return to service as quickly as possible.

Between the 1950s and 1970s, the Albert Dock went into a period of steady decline.

The introduction of larger ships meant that the Albert Dock with its narrow entrances and outdated infrastructure became increasingly unsuitable for modern maritime trade.

The dock was last used in 1971, as trade had moved north to Seaforth.

Following its closure, the dock and its surrounding area was largely abandoned and the once thriving warehouses fell into disrepair, suffering from vandalism and neglect.

The dock itself became full of contaminated silt, and the buildings suffered from a lack of modern infrastructure, including water, electricity, and sanitation.

It's time for a learning check, and it says, in which year did the Albert Dock open? You have three options in front of you.

What you need to do is pause the video here whilst you consider, and then select what you think is the correct answer.

And the correct answer was B, 1846.

Our next learning check says, who is correct? You have three statements on the screen in front of you, one by Sam, one by Sofia, and one by Alex.

What you need to do is then pause the video, read through those three statements, and decide who you think is correct.

And the correct statement was Alex.

And Alex says that "the decline of the dock in the 19th century was largely due to the size of ships no longer being able to access the dock." Our final learning check says, between the 1950s and 1970s, the Albert Dock went into a period of steady decline.

The dock was last used for loading and unloading ships in.

Now, what you need to do here is pause the video whilst you try to recall that piece of information, that year, and fill in the gap.

So best of luck.

And the correct answer was 1971.

So really, really well done during these learning checks.

We're on now to our one and only practise question for the second learning cycle, and it says to match the details of the dock's decline to the appropriate place on the timeline.

So you can see you've got five statements there written along the top and you have five dates below it.

What you need to do is match those details to the dates below, and best of luck during this practise question.

And now for some feedback.

And we'll start with 1846, and this is where the dock opened for transatlantic trade of goods such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton.

During the 1860s, large steamships became more common, but they could not fit into the dock, so trade reduced as a result.

During the 1920s, commercial use of the dock was virtually nil.

And between 1939 and 1945, it was used as a base for naval operations and a storage of supplies, and it was bombed heavily during the Liverpool Blitz during the Second World War.

Finally, in 1971, the docks were abandoned, it fell into disrepair, and became full of contaminated silt.

So really, really well done if you included anything like that in your own answer.

We're on now to our third and final learning cycle, and this is all about the regeneration of the Albert Dock.

Now, 1971 wasn't the end of the Albert Dock story, because in 1981, the government established the Merseyside Development Corporation to regenerate Liverpool's waterfront and docks.

The work included clearing and reclaiming the land, demolishing dangerous buildings, and building new infrastructure.

It was also determined to protect the historic dock buildings and incorporate them into the redeveloped area.

Contaminated silt was removed from the dock, and walls, bridges, and gates were repaired.

To ensure the regeneration was sustainable, it features a mix of land use, commercial, leisure, and residential.

And this is what the regeneration of Albert Dock has achieved in terms of land use.

So in terms of leisure, we have the Tate Gallery.

In terms of residential, we have the Colonnades.

In terms of commercial land use, we have the Edward Pavilion.

Now, my question to you is, why is mixed land use an important feature of urban regeneration? You may like to pause the video here whilst you consider your own answer to that question, or even discuss it with someone near you.

Well, the answer is that it's important because mixed land use supports sustainable urban regeneration through those three pillars of sustainability, social, environmental, and economic.

In terms of social sustainability, it enhances diverse social interaction because people live and work together and socialise together within that small area.

It creates busy areas both during the daytime and nighttime, and therefore reduces crime.

In terms of its economic sustainability, well, it's going to increase property values there, as it becomes a very desirable place to live.

It also attracts businesses, since there is gonna be increased footfall, perhaps with people working there or even tourism.

So it attracts businesses to the area, and therefore people to the area and therefore boosting the local economy.

In terms of the environmental sustainability, well, it is using brownfield land, by which I mean land which has already been built on before and has become disused and is awaiting redevelopment.

So its use of brownfield sites has then limited urban sprawl, so where building less on greenfield sites in our countryside areas.

It's also good environmentally because it encourages walking, cycling, and use of public transport and thereby reduces pollution.

So a learning check, and it says, in which year did the Albert Dock urban regeneration begin? You have three options in front of you.

You need to pause the video here whilst you try to recall this piece of information.

And the correct answer was B, 1981.

Our next learning check says, which of the following is a feature of the urban regeneration of the Albert Docks? Once again, you have three options, and once again, I'd like you to pause the video whilst you consider and then select your answer.

And the correct answer was A, mixed land use.

Remember, there was mixed land use between residential, commercial, and leisure.

Our final learning check says, true or false? Sustainable development is only about the environment.

So once again, pause the video here whilst you consider, and then select your answer.

And the correct answer was false.

Now, once again, I'd like you to pause the video whilst you consider as to why this statement is false.

And the reason it's false is because sustainable development is about the environment, but must also consider social and economic aspects too.

The Albert Dock regeneration considered all of these aspects.

So really, really well done during those learning checks.

The Albert Docks reopened in 1984, just in time for the The Cutty Sark Tall Ships Races, bringing over 150,000 people to the Albert Dock.

In 1986, the Merseyside Maritime Museum opened in a warehouse that used to store sugar, tea, and silk.

The museum is home to objects and archives of the Port of Liverpool, and attracted further investment into the area.

In 1998, the Merseyside Development Corporation ceased and other organisations took on the continued regeneration of the Albert Docks.

They focused on improving the public spaces by installing free Wi-Fi and promoting public events.

In 2004, the area was awarded UNESCO World Heritage status.

Today, the Albert Dock is a major tourist attraction, with museums such as The Beatles Story and the International Slavery Museum, galleries such as the Tate Liverpool, shops and restaurants.

The regeneration has been hailed a huge success, and more than six million people visit the Albert Dock each and every single year.

And as if testament to that success, you can see the rapid transformation from its disused state in 1970s on the left to its current-day version in front of you.

So a learning check, and it says, in which year did the Albert Dock reopen after successful urban regeneration? So what I'd like you to do then is pause the video whilst you try to recall this piece of information.

And the correct answer was 1984.

Now we have three practise questions for our final learning cycle, and it says to return to your timeline from Task B.

Now what I want you to do is add a date to show when the regeneration of the Albert Docks began.

The second practise question is to shade an example of the following land uses in the Albert Dock: residential, commercial, and leisure.

So you need to refer to that map on the left-hand side and do your best to shade in those different areas based on its land use of residential, commercial, and leisure.

The third and final question says, why is mixed land use an important feature of urban regeneration? So what I'd like you to do then now is pause the video whilst you attempt these three practise questions.

Best of luck.

And now some feedback.

So first of all, you needed to return back to your timeline from the second learning cycle in Task B, and you needed to add a date to show when the regeneration of the Albert Docks began.

And that was in 1981, right there when the regeneration began.

The second question needed you to shade the example of the map right here, showing the different land uses into residential, commercial, and leisure.

Now, what you can see right there is we've got the Tate Gallery in terms of the leisure land use, we've got residential from the Colonnades, and then finally we've got Edward Pavilion as our commercial land use.

In terms of the feedback for the third and final question, you needed to explain why mixed land use is an important feature of urban regeneration.

Now, you may have something similar to this.

It says that mixed land use is an important feature of urban regeneration socially, economically, and environmentally.

Socially, it promotes diverse social interaction where people live, work, and socialise together.

It also improves safety through constant activity both day and night.

Economically, it boosts local businesses, attracts investment, and increases property values.

Environmentally, it reduces car dependency, lowering congestion and pollution, and making use of brownfield sites to prevent urban sprawl.

So really, really well done if you included anything like that in your own answer.

And now our learning summary, and you need to know that the Albert Dock is in central Liverpool on the northern shore of the River Mersey.

Now, below we can see the timeline of the Albert Dock.

We need to know that it opened in 1846, but really, during the 1860s up to the Second World War, we began to see trade decreasing in the Albert Dock.

And in the 1920s, in fact, trade almost ceased completely.

It was a really important port during the Second World War, but unfortunately it was completely abandoned in 1971.

1981, though, brought a new story to the Albert Dock, where regeneration then began.

Regeneration of the area has included social, economic, and environmental features.

This mixed land use ensures the area is sustainable, and the regeneration has been a massive success and attracts over six million visitors each and every single year.

So really, really well done during today's lesson, it was a pleasure teaching you, and I will see you again on the next lesson.

Goodbye.