Hello, my name is Mr. March, and I'm here today to teach you all about China, the workshop of the world.

So grab everything that you need for today's lesson and let's get going.

So by the end of today's lesson, you will be able to explain why so many things are made in China and describe some of the impacts of this on people and the environment.

There are five key terms for today's lesson.

Those are manufactured, raw materials, economy, migration, and greenhouse gas.

Manufactured refers to things which are made by humans, not nature, usually in large quantities for selling.

Raw materials refers to things that can be grown or dug out of the ground and processed or used in the manufacture of goods.

Economy refers to the way money in a particular area is made and spent, and migration refers to moving from one place to another with the intention of staying there.

And finally, greenhouse gas refers to gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat.

There are two learning cycles for today's lesson.

We're gonna start with learning cycle one, which is, why are so many things made in China? Well, many of the things that we buy and use each and every single day are actually made in China.

Jun says that more than a quarter of the products manufactured globally are made in China.

Whilst Aisha says, "China is sometimes called the workshop of the world." Now, can you think of something that is often made in China? Perhaps you could even check the clothing or perhaps the electronic item which you may have near you and see where it was made.

There's a good possibility it was made in China.

China manufactures a wide range of different products and these can be in electronics.

For example, Huawei is one electronic brand, as well as Lenovo.

Clothing, shoes, and textiles are produced in China.

Toys and different games are also produced in China.

Household items, automotive parts for cars and other such vehicles, and finally machinery and tools.

There are so many other different categories of items which are also manufactured in China.

It gives us a good glimpse into the workshop of the world title that China seems to have adopted.

So time now for learning check and it says to unscramble the letters to list some products that are commonly manufactured in China.

So what I need you to do then is pause the video here whilst you look through those six different scrambled words and try your best to unscramble them.

So best of luck.

And the answers were cup, drill, football, chair, phone, and tyre.

Really, really well done if were are able to unscramble any of those words in front of you.

As Izzy says, "Look around your home or school to see if you can actually find anything that was made in China." There are different reasons why so many different items are manufactured in China.

These include the following.

The fact that China has a very large population means it has a very large workforce, which can work on these different types of activities of manufacture.

Labour there is also cheaper because of the lower standard of living and also the lower cost of living.

It means that labour, by which I mean the workforce, can be paid more cheaply.

This has attracted different multinational corporations to move their companies and their manufacturing to China since they know that they can pay their workforce a lot less money and thereby make more profit for their shareholders.

Furthermore, there is better access to raw materials in these countries such as China.

They have great access to raw materials.

China is a very large country with excellent resources in terms of raw materials, which can then be used in terms of its manufacturing.

Also technology and expertise.

Yes, China has been industrialising now for many, many decades and it has also been innovative in its industrialization.

As a result, China is a real technological leader as well as providing great expertise in the manufacture of lots of different products, some simple and some very complicated.

We also have efficient infrastructure.

Because of China's growing economy and growing demography, it has a fantastic integrated infrastructure network, which is fantastic for transporting goods all over the world to their markets and exporting those products around the world to be sold.

Finally, government support because the Chinese government has invested a huge amount of time and money to develop its industrial base, its export market, as well as that infrastructure network to really enable the mass production and then export of different items around the world.

Let's start with its large population.

Now, China's large population, and remember it has a population of just over 1.

4 billion people.

It's the second most populous country around the world just after India.

What it means is that it has a lot of people who are able to work.

It also means that there are many people in China who are actually able to buy these products as well.

China manufactures things for people in China as well as for export to other countries.

In terms of cheaper labour, many people in China are willing to work for less money than in other countries.

Remember, we've got huge amounts of rural to urban migration.

People are moving from extremely poor rural areas to urban centres where they're looking for jobs in manufacturing.

Therefore, they are happy perhaps to receive a lower wage or a lower salary than someone in the Western world would be happy to do the job for.

So there is cheaper labour for companies manufacturing products.

It means then that companies can often save money by having their products manufactured in China.

Next is access to raw materials and different raw materials are needed to manufacture different products.

And China really does have an absolute abundance of resources.

Remember, China is a very large country with access to a variety of raw materials such as metals and minerals, which provide many of these raw materials which are used to produce and manufacture many, many different products.

China's also set up efficient systems to actually source those raw materials from other countries, bring them back to China where they then can be used in the manufacture.

And then finally, export of different products.

Time now for a learning check and it says that Sam and Lucas are having a discussion and you need to decide who is correct.

Now Sam, she says, "That everything made in China is exported to other countries." Whilst Lucas says, "That China manufactures products for people to buy and use in China and countries around the world." What you need to do then is pause the video here whilst you read back through those two statements and decide who you think is correct.

And the correct answer was Lucas.

Really well done if you've got that answer correct.

So what I'd like you to think as well is, what products are actually manufactured in the UK? How do you think that the UK compares to China in terms of its manufacturing base? In terms of technology and expertise then, China is really beginning to lead the way.

Because it has a large workforce and many factories, it means that China has developed skills and expertise in the production of specific types of products.

China is also developing and using new technologies which help to improve the quality of products and the efficiency with which they are made.

So once upon a time, it used to be that China used to make quite low quality products, but in vast, vast numbers.

More recently, China is moving towards a more premium, high quality end of product and being able to export and sell those around the world for a much higher price.

In terms of the efficient infrastructure, China has developed a really good infrastructure, which helps to make manufacturing and transportation of these products much more efficient.

So many large factories can produce a lot of products very quickly, and the good transport network and the infrastructure such as roads, railways, and ports means that these products can be moved around the country and the world much more efficiently and quickly.

Now, as I said previously, government support in China for trying to develop its industrial base has been phenomenal.

The Chinese government has brought in policies to support the growth of that industry as well as the economy.

It's also done a really good job in encouraging transnational corporations or companies to invest and make things within China.

So it's trying to attract foreign businesses to produce and manufacture its goods within China to then export around the world.

So a learning check and it says, which of the following are reasons why so many products are manufactured in China? You need to select just two answers.

So what I want you to do then is pause the video here whilst you read through those four options and select two answers.

Best of luck.

And the two correct answers were A and B, efficient infrastructure, and B, large population.

We have two practise questions for our first learning cycle and it says name five products that are often manufactured in China.

Now, Aisha's given you a bit of a clue because she says, "If possible, try and find some examples at home or at school." The second practise question says, complete the table to explain some of the reasons why so many things are made in China.

So what I want you to do at this point then is pause the video whilst you attempt these two practise questions.

Best of luck.

And in terms of the feedback for question one, you may have included some of these that I'm about to read through or you may have others as well.

So you may have mentioned electronics, clothing, shoes, and textiles, toys and games, household goods, automotive parts, as well as machinery and tools.

As Jun says, "Did you manage to find any examples at home or at school?" The feedback for the second question goes like this, here is just an example though.

Again, you may have had something slightly different.

So in terms of its large population, well, it means that it has a large workforce and so you have lots of people buying and using the products as well.

In terms of cheaper labour then, companies can save money by having those products manufactured in China.

In terms of that access to raw materials, well, raw materials are needed for the manufacture of those products.

In terms of technology and expertise, well, it helps to improve the quality of products and the efficiency with which they were made.

Efficient infrastructure, well, products can be made and moved around much more efficiently.

And finally, government support.

The government has supported the growth of industry and the economy and has encouraged companies from abroad to invest and make things in China.

So really, really well done if you're able to include anything like that in your own answer.

We're on now to our second and final learning cycle.

And this is all about what are the impacts of manufacturing in China? Manufacturing in China really does affect both people and the environment in many, many different ways.

These may be positive, benefits, or challenges, negative.

What do you think these impacts might be? You may like to pause the video here whilst you consider your own answer to that question or perhaps even have a discussion with the person next to you.

Well, possible impact may include both positive and negative.

The first positive is undoubtedly creating economic growth within China.

It's creating jobs, it's creating income, it's bringing in foreign investment, it's bringing in foreign money, which is all going to develop China's economy.

We're then also gonna see increased job opportunities for people as well.

We're gonna see rural to urban migration, people moving from perhaps poorer parts of the country, in the countryside, moving to the city to find a job perhaps in a factory whereby they can then send that money back home to that poorer region of China.

We're also unfortunately gonna see unfair working conditions.

We're then looking at a negative impact of this industrialization.

And finally, we're definitely going to see some environmental impacts as well caused by the mass manufacture of different products.

So let's start with economic growth, and manufacturing really has driven China's economic growth, which has been so, so rapid as shown actually by this graph in front of you.

Now, the line graph in front of you is showing China's gross domestic product or its GDP, and it is showing how it has increased rapidly over time from 1960 up to current date.

Now what is GDP? Well, GDP is the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year.

It is often used to measure and compare the economies of different countries.

So just looking at that line graph again for just one moment, we can see how rapid China's economic growth has been in the past 60 to 70 years.

This economic growth though has really helped China to increase job opportunities for its population.

It has raised people's incomes, it has taken people out of poverty and brought them a higher quality of living.

And as I said, yes, it has improved people's living standards as well.

So this is where economic growth really does impact socially as well.

But economic growth can sometimes lead to more inequality because the wealth of a country may not always be shared out equally.

And as Sam says, "Some people in China have done really, really well out of this economic growth." They have increased their wealth, but unfortunately, there are some who have fallen into poverty who have not seen the same level of success from this economic growth that China has experienced, particularly perhaps in those rural regions of China.

Perhaps they have been left behind whilst the urban centres of perhaps Beijing and Shanghai, et cetera, have moved ahead of those areas.

So a learning check and it says, what is GDP, gross domestic product? I need you to pause the video here whilst you try to recall that piece of information.

Can you define what it is? Can you describe what it is and why it is used? So pause the video here whilst you consider and contemplate your answer.

And as Jun says, "GDP is the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year." And as Aisha says, "It is often used to measure and compare the economies of different countries." So really, really well done if you were able to recall any of that information in front of you.

Rural to urban migration is another impact of manufacturing in China because China's manufacturing and production industries are often based in urban areas.

Now, many people in China have moved from those poorer rural or those countryside areas as we can see in that top image on the screen.

And they've moved to cities for those job opportunities, for that work where they can earn more money and perhaps even send some of that money back home to the rural area from which they came.

So this really does have benefits and challenges for both rural and urban areas.

What I'd like you to do right now then is perhaps pause the video whilst you contemplate.

What do you think these impacts both positive and negative might be of rural to urban migration? So perhaps pause the video here whilst you contemplate that answer or perhaps even discuss it with someone near you.

Next, another negative impact of manufacturing in China is undoubtedly the unfair working conditions.

China does have laws and regulations in place to help protect the rights of people to safe and healthy working conditions.

Unfortunately though, many people work in the informal job sector and these laws and regulations aren't always followed or enforced.

This means that some people are working very long hours, they're paid unfairly for the work that they do, and they're working in extremely unsafe environments.

The image in front of you is just a great example of what a manufacturing centre in China may look like in terms of the textiles factory.

Next, we have the environmental impacts because manufacturing really can impact the environment in a variety of different ways.

First of all, starting with greenhouse gas emissions.

Through manufacturing, it can release carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and methane are all byproducts of industrial output.

And this has devastating impacts in terms of climate change because these are greenhouse gases and these are gases which are trapping heat within our atmosphere and it's leading to increased global temperatures.

And this is leading to a variety of different problems around the world.

Next, we have air and water pollution.

This is a particular problem within the textile industry because the different dyes which are used to colour different fabrics often find their way into different water sources.

Now, this is against different environmental laws, yet these are not always enforced and it does seep into different water sources and cause water pollution, thereby affect wildlife.

And this leads nicely onto habitat destruction.

Again, manufacturing can cause devastating impacts for habitats and wildlife.

And finally, it's leading to the depletion of natural resources.

Remember, all of this manufacturing requires those natural resources.

And over time, the more and more that we consume and manufacture, it's leading to the depletion of those natural resources.

So on now to a learning check and it says to complete the words to describe some of the possible impacts of manufacturing in China.

So what I want you to then right now is pause the video whilst you read those five different impacts and do your best to fill in the gaps.

Best of luck.

And the correct answers were increased job opportunities, rural to urban migration, unsafe working conditions, environmental impacts, and economic growth.

So you can see how there are both positive and negative impacts of manufacturing within China, and really, really well done if you were able to get any of those answers that you see in front of you.

So we can use actually a consequence wheel to think through some of these possible impacts of an event or an issue.

Let me give you an example.

So if I was to get up late, I may miss the bus, and as a result, I would be late for school.

So we can see the knock-on consequences of me being a little bit late waking up in the morning.

Now, what I want you to do is use a consequence wheel just like that on the left to think through the possible impacts of an event or issue associated with manufacturing in China.

On now to our practise questions.

And on the previous slide, I asked you to think of some potential impacts of manufacturing and try to think of it in terms of knock-on effects using that consequence wheel.

Well, in terms of these practise questions then, you're going to use the consequence wheel on the next slide to think through possible impacts of manufacturing in China.

You're gonna start by writing any direct impacts in the inner ring of circles, one impact per circle.

Next, you'll consider what the consequences of these impacts might be.

Write these consequences in the outer rings of circles, one per circle.

Impacts may be positive or negative.

And this is the consequence wheel in front of you.

Now remember, on the inner ring, you need to come up with an individual impact.

On the outer rings, you need to think of the consequence of that impact.

It can be positive or it could be negative.

So please pause the video here whilst you attempt this practise question.

Best of luck.

And now some feedback.

So your answer may have included something like this.

So we've got economic growth.

This is a positive impact, but why? Well, it leads to increased job opportunities and that leads to higher incomes for people.

Next is a negative impact.

Greenhouse gas emissions.

What does that mean? Well, it leads to climate change or global warming, and this is then going to have massive effects on wildlife and habitats around the world, not just in the local and national region of China.

So on now to our learning summary, and for this lesson, you need to know that more than a quarter of all the products manufactured globally are actually made in China.

China manufactures a wide range of products such as electronics, clothing, toys, and machinery.

Cheaper labour, good infrastructure, and a large population are some of the reasons why so many things are made in China.

Manufacturing in China impacts people and the environment in many, many different ways.

So really, really well done during today's lesson.

It was a pleasure teaching you, and I will see you again on the next lesson.

Goodbye.