Lesson video

Hello and welcome.

My name is Ms. Harrison.

I'm so excited to be learning with you today.

Today's lesson is called "Opportunities in Mumbai." Grab everything that you might need for today's lesson and let's begin our learning.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe ways in which Mumbai has developed over time and identify opportunities in living and working in this global city.

Before we can begin this learning, we need to define the keywords that we'll be using throughout today's lesson.

The keywords are infrastructure, services, global city, transnational corporations.

Infrastructure, all the basic systems in a country, such as transport and power supply.

Services.

A service is a system that supplies a public need.

For example, waste collection.

Global city, a city that is a major centre for trade and communication with other places around the world.

Transnational corporations, large businesses that operate in many different countries globally.

Now that we've defined these keywords, we can begin our learning.

The first question we're going to explore in today's lesson is how has Mumbai changed over time? Mumbai is located on a peninsula along the western coast of India and is one of the most popular cities in the country.

It is also one of the largest and most densely populated cities in the world with millions of people living in relatively small area.

This high population density contributes to the city's vibrant, yet crowded atmosphere where the streets are always busy and the energy is palpable.

People from all over India and the world come to Mumbai in search of better opportunities, adding to the city's cultural diversity and dynamic environment.

The sheer number of residents living in such as compact space places pressure on resources like housing, transportation, and public services, creating a bustling urban landscape.

Despite these challenges, the city's lively atmosphere and constant movement makes it an exciting place to live and work.

The mix of modern infrastructure, historical sites, and busy markets gives Mumbai a unique character that blends old with the new and making it one of the most iconic cities in the world.

People are thought to have inhabited Mumbai for hundreds of thousands of years.

Mumbai has come under control of a number of different groups of people and countries during its history.

The earliest settlers were indigenous groups, like the Koli people who lived in the islands that now make up the city.

Over the centuries, Mumbai came under the control of various dynasties and foreign powers.

Initially, a small fishing port, the settlement gradually grew into an important centre of trade and commerce, shaping the city's role in India's history and development.

Let's take a closer look at this timeline.

The Portuguese took control over Mumbai.

Then Mumbai came under the British control and it continued to grow in size and prosper.

Then the British rule ended and India was divided to create two independent countries, India and Pakistan.

True or false? Mumbai was first inhabited in 18th the century.

Pause the video here whilst do you identify if this statement is true or false and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

This statement is false.

I would now like you to explain why this statement is false.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The reason why the statement is false is because people are thought to have first inhabited Mumbai in the Stone Age, hundreds of thousands of years ago.

Well done if you explained that correctly.

The British government gained significant wealth from its control of India and the exploitation of the country's resources.

In Mumbai, the Gateway of India was built in the early 20th century to commemorate the arrival of King George V for his coronation as emperor of India in 1911.

The monument stands as a symbol of British colonial rule and India's connection to the British Empire during this time.

Mumbai's official name used to be Bombay.

The city became known as Bombay during the British colonial period of India.

The city's official name was changed back to Mumbai in 1995.

It is derived from the name of a Hindu goddess, Mumbadevi.

Sam said, "Many places in India became known by different names when the country was ruled by the British.

This was a common feature of colonisation." When did India and Pakistan gain independence from the British rule? Was it A, 1907, B, 1927, C, 1947 or D, 1967? Pause the video here whilst you identify the correct answer and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is C, 1947.

What did Mumbai's official name used to be? Was it A, Bangalore, B, Bombay, C, Madras, or D, Trivandrum? Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

The answer is B, Bombay.

Well done.

Mumbai's population has grown rapidly in the last 70 years.

We can see that in 1950, three million people lived in Mumbai.

The population of Mumbai is now around 22 million people.

That's around 1/3 of the population of the UK.

It's grown really, really quickly.

Mumbai was originally made up of seven separate islands.

During the 18th and 19th century, land between these islands was reclaimed to create one large island, which eventually developed into the bustling city it is today.

Satellite images are a useful tool for studying how cities like Mumbai have changed over time.

This animation illustrates how a specific area of Mumbai has transformed from 2015 to 2020, showcasing changes in land use, development, and urban growth.

What changes are taking place? Pause the video here whilst you take a closer look and press play when you're ready to continue? Excellent.

You might have been able to notice that infrastructure has been built, including a road over the water.

Mumbai, originally a small fishing port, has evolved into one of the world's leading trading hubs.

It has two main ports, handle large portion of India's container trade, making the city a key player in global commerce.

Over time, Mumbai has developed a highly efficient transport network that connect it to the rest of India and the world.

The Bandra-Worli Sea Link, for example, has significantly improved road access while the city's well-established sea, rail, air and road links ensure smooth movement of goods and people.

These transport connections have been crucial in supporting Mumbai's rapid growth and its role as a major economic centre.

Which of the following statements correctly describes how Mumbai has changed over time? Select two answers.

Is it A, decrease in population density, B, development and infrastructure and services, C, more and more land is being used for agriculture, D, population has grown rapidly? Pause the video here whilst you identify the correct answers and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The answers are B, development in infrastructure and services, and D, population has grown rapidly.

Well done if you identified those correctly.

I would now like you to describe some of the ways in which Mumbai has changed over time.

I would like you to include changes about population, land use, and infrastructure and services.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent work on this task.

Let's check our answers.

Your answer might have included some of the following points.

Mumbai has changed significantly over time.

Mumbai has been inhabited for hundreds of thousands of years.

It has come under the control of different groups of people and countries during its long history.

Mumbai was once a small fishing village port, but is now a major world trading hub.

The population has grown rapidly in the last 70 years and Mumbai is now one of the world's largest and most densely populated cities.

Infrastructure has developed and more and more land is being built up.

Well done if you managed to include any of those points in your answer.

You've done brilliantly.

We're now going to explore our second question of today's lesson.

What opportunities are there in Mumbai? Mumbai's rapid growth and its status as a global city has created a wealth of opportunities across various sectors, making it one of the most dynamic and influential cities in the world.

As a major financial and commercial hub, Mumbai attracts both national and international businesses, offering a wide range of job opportunities and fostering substantial economic growth.

The city's booming industries, such as finance, technology, manufacturing, and trade continue to expand, creating new pathways for individuals and companies alike.

In addition to its economic prominence, Mumbai is also a vibrant culture and entertainment centre, known for its diverse experiences in arts, media and tourism.

The city is home to Bollywood, one of the world's largest film industries, and has a thriving music theatre and art scene that draws creative professionals and audiences from across the globe.

From historical landmarks to modern attractions, Mumbai offers a rich variety of experiences that appeal to tourists, businesses, travellers, and residents alike.

However, with these vast opportunities come significant challenges.

The city faces overcrowding as millions of people from across India and the world migrate here in search of a better life.

This has led to increased pressure on housing, transportation, and public services.

Additionally, inequality remains a pressing issue with stark contrasts between the super rich areas and undeveloped slums. These challenges require careful management to ensure the city's rapid growth is sustainable and benefits all of its residents, regardless of their socioeconomic status.

Izzy has said, "These opportunities make Mumbai an attractive destination for people to live, study, and work." And she's right.

What do you think these opportunities are? Pause the video here whilst you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

Opportunities include jobs and culture and entertainment sectors, like Bollywood.

Well done if you managed to think of those.

Mumbai is widely regarded as the financial capital of India with a robust and thriving economy that plays a crucial role in shaping both national and global markets.

The city is home to many headquarters of transnational corporations, making it a central hub for business and trade.

Mumbai has some of the largest.

Mumbai has some of the largest and most influential.

Mumbai has some of India's largest and most influential companies, like Tata, one of the country's biggest conglomerates with interests ranging from steel and automotive to telecommunications and information technology.

Tata's presence in Mumbai shows the city's importance as a business centre as it drives economic growth and provides numerous jobs across various sectors.

Additionally, the State Bank of India, the nation's largest public sector bank, has its headquarters in Mumbai.

The State Bank of India plays a vital role in India's financial system, providing banking services to millions of people and supporting both small and large-scale businesses.

The presence of such a key financial institution, alongside transnational corporation, enhances Mumbai's status as a global financial powerhouse.

Aisha said, "Some of these companies operate in more than 100 countries around the world." There are many different industries in Mumbai, which provide lots of jobs, for example, finance and banking, entertainment and media, information technology, manufacturing, healthcare, shipping, tourism, and hospitality and property.

Lucas has said, "Thousands of people move to Mumbai each year in search of jobs in these sectors." Izzy and Sam are having a discussion.

Who is correct? Sam said, "There aren't many job opportunities for people in Mumbai." Izzy said, "There are many different industries in Mumbai which provide lots of jobs." Pause the video here whilst you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

Izzy is correct.

Can you give an example of some of these industries? Pause the video here whilst do you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Brilliant.

Some examples you might have thought of include finance, banking, media, healthcare, shipping, tourism, hospitality, manufacturing, and information technology.

Well done on this task.

You've done brilliantly.

Cities generally have better infrastructure and services than rural areas.

They include things like education, healthcare, housing, and transport.

Sam said, "Types of public transport within Mumbai include buses, railway, metro, monorail, taxis, auto rickshaws and ferries.

Mumbai is one of the most visited cities in India, attracting millions of tourists each year with its rich history, diverse culture, and iconic landmarks.

As a buzzing city, it offers a wide variety of old and new, drawing visitors from all over the world.

The city boasts a flourishing hospitality industry with a wide range of hotels, restaurants, bars, travel services, catering to both international visitors and locals.

Whether it's high-end luxury accommodation or budget-friendly options, Mumbai has something for every type of traveller.

One of Mumbai's most famous attractions is Marine Drive, often referred to as the Queen's Necklace due to its shape of its coastline, which looks like a string of pearls when viewed at night.

In the early evening, both tourists and residents gather at Marine Drive to enjoy snacks from local vendors, relax and take in the stunning views of the Arabian Sea.

It's a perfect spot to unwind while enjoying the vibrant atmosphere of the city.

Another must-see landmark is the Gateway of India, a historic archway that stands as a symbol of Mumbai's colonial past and is one of the most photographed sites in the city.

The gateway was built to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary in 1911 and is located near the waterfront where boats depart for scenic tours and visits to nearby attractions.

Mumbai's also home to Juhu Beach, a popular destination for both locals and tourists.

The beach is the liveliest place where people come to relax, participate in water activities, or simply enjoy the bustling environment.

Street food vendors, colourful beach stores and performances add to the energetic vibe to the area, making it a perfect place to experience the local culture.

What makes Mumbai unique is its ability to blend modern with tradition.

The city's skyscrapers and thriving business district stand side by side with historic temples, markets, and old buildings.

This fusion of old and new, along with its vibrant culture scene makes Mumbai a one-of-a-kind destination, full of energy and excitement for anyone who visits.

Whether you're a history buff or a foodie or someone who loves the hustle and bustle of a big city, Mumbai offers something for everyone.

Mumbai is also a major city for the arts and culture with a significant impact on the global entertainment industry.

The city is home to Bollywood, one of the largest film industries in the world, known for its vibrant movies that feature lively music, colourful dance routines, and captivating storytelling.

Bollywood has played a crucial role in shaping the city's cultural identity and attracting global audience to its films. Beyond the film industry, Mumbai's rich in theatres, galleries, and cultural events, making it a dynamic hub for artistic expression.

Izzy has said, "More than 1,000 films are produced in Bollywood every year." That's a lot of films. True or false? Mumbai offers a wide range of opportunities.

Pause here whilst you decide and press play when you're ready to continue.

Excellent.

This statement is true.

I would now like you to explain why this statement is true.

Pause the video here and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

The reason why this statement is true is because Mumbai's rapid growth and status as a global city provides a wide range of opportunities in areas such as jobs, education, and the arts.

Cities also generally have better infrastructure and services than rural areas.

I would like to imagine that you have recently moved to Mumbai for work.

I would like you to write a short email to a friend describing some of the opportunities of living in this global city.

Pause the video here whilst you attempt this task and press play when you're ready to continue.

Brilliant work.

Let's check our answers.

Your answer may sound something like this.

Hi Sam, I hope this letter finds you well.

I wanted to share some of the incredible opportunities I've come across since moving to Mumbai.

It's such an amazing city.

Firstly, the economy is thriving and there are lots of jobs in different sectors, such as finance, entertainment, information technology, and more.

Many transnational corporations are based here.

I'm really enjoying my new job at the State Bank of India.

The city has a well-developed public transport system, which makes it easy to get around.

You can travel by bus, train, metro, monorail, taxis, auto rickshaws and ferries.

There is so much to do in your free time.

Mumbai's a popular tourist destination, and there are lots of hotels, restaurants, and bars.

The city is also home of Bollywood, and I've already been to the cinema a couple of times.

Mumbai is an enormous city, and has a population of 22 million.

There are people from here all over the India and the world.

Life is busy in Mumbai, but I'm having a great time.

Let me know if you ever want to visit.

I'd love to show you around.

Best wishes, Izzy.

Would you like to visit a huge city like Mumbai? Pause the video here whilst do you have a think and press play when you're ready to continue.

Fantastic.

You've done brilliant in this task.

We've now come to the end of our lesson on opportunities in Mumbai.

Before we end this lesson, let's summarise everything that we've learned in today's lesson.

Mumbai, originally a fishing port, has grown remarkably over centuries to become one of the largest and most influential cities in the world.

Initially, it comprised of several islands.

The city's rapid expansion has resulted in a population boom and a transformation of its landscape with large areas now developed for residential, commercial, and industrial use.

Over time, the city has developed robust infrastructure to meet the needs of residents and businesses, including extensive transportation network, modern housing complexes, and advanced utility systems. Mumbai's rapid growth and its status as a global financial centre have provided a wide range of opportunities in various industries, such as banking, technology, trade, and entertainment.

As a result, the city has become home to numerous large transnational corporations, including Tata, a transnational company, and the State Bank of India, the country's largest commercial bank.

These businesses not only contribute to the city's economy, but also make Mumbai an essential hub for commerce and industry, both within India and globally.

With its dynamic economy, diverse job opportunities, and central role in global trade and culture, Mumbai continues to attract people from all over the world seeking a better future.

Well done on today's lesson.

You've done brilliantly, and I look forward to learning with you again very soon.