Lesson video

Hello, my name is Mrs. Grey, and I'm so excited that you've decided to join me to learn geography today.

Today's lesson is in our unit of "Population: Where do people live?" And the lesson title is, "Migration in the UK." By the end of the lesson, you will be able to describe some of the impacts of migration on the UK.

There are some key words that will come across in today's lesson.

They are migrant, remittances, migration, economic, and infrastructure.

A migrant is a person who moves from one place to another.

Remittances are payments made by migrants to support their families in the country they came from.

Migration is moving from one place to another with the intention of staying there.

Economic is things to do with the way money is made or spent.

And infrastructure are all the basic systems in a country such as transport networks and power supply.

So today's lesson is split into two cycles.

The first, "What are the benefits of migration in the UK?" And the second, "What are the challenges of migration in the UK?" So, let's look at "What are the benefits of migration in the UK?" So migration is the movement of people from one place to another to live and work.

People migrate to and from the UK for a variety of different reasons.

People migrate to the UK for good job opportunities and the NHS, don't always get that everywhere.

And people migrate from the UK for different work or lifestyle opportunities.

So people just want different types of jobs, people may want access to the NHS if they don't have that in their county.

People might migrate out of the UK because they would like a different life or some different work opportunities.

There are lots of beneficial impacts from migration in the UK.

Let's have a look at what those benefits of migration are.

The first is, job vacancies are filled, new businesses are created, new foods and fashions come to the UK, and remittances.

And we're gonna look at each of these different four benefits in turn now.

So, migrants fill job vacancies, particularly in the NHS, construction, and agriculture, but they're really, really important jobs in this country.

In the NHS, in construction and in agriculture, migrants can come in and fill those vacancies, those jobs that are there but that people aren't working in.

Migrants might work as doctors, nurses, or caregivers, helping sick people and taking care of the elderly, which are obviously really important jobs.

Now Lucas asks, "Why is this important?" This is very important because the UK doesn't have enough healthcare workers to take care of everyone, especially since the UK has an ageing population.

So the UK has an ageing population, which means that a lot of people are older and they therefore need more care, and we don't have enough people, enough workers in this country working in healthcare to be able to take care of everyone.

So it's important that migrants come in and are able to fill those vacancies to look after people.

Now, some migrants work in construction, building houses, schools, roads, and other buildings.

They create the places where people live, learn, and travel.

So construction jobs, they're really, really important to be able to build the world that we live in.

Now, the UK is short of construction workers needed to meet government targets on new homes.

So the government have got some targets to build more new homes, and we haven't got enough construction workers to build all of the homes to meet the government targets.

And this is an economic impact.

Jacob asks, "What does economic mean?" Economic is anything to do with money such as how it's made or spent.

So the UK not having enough workers working in construction and needing more people to come in to build those things, they're an economic impact because that's to do with money, that's to do with money being made and money being spent, so it's an economic impact.

Okay, so let's do our first check of the lesson.

"Which of these are economic benefits of migrants?" Is it A, migrants fill job vacancies, B, migrants work in the NHS, or C, migrants work in construction? So, pause the video for a minute, write down your answer, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did you get on? Which of these are economic benefits of migrants? The answer is all of them.

Migrants fill job vacancies, migrants work in the NHF, and migrants work in construction.

Well done.

So, when migrants move to the UK, some of them start their own businesses.

These businesses help the economy grow and make the local community stronger.

So, for example, a migrant might open a pizza takeaway in Birmingham.

They will need to employ people so that then creates jobs.

And the new business and the new employees will pay tax, which helps the government pay for services for everyone.

So that's a really good benefit for the UK, isn't it? Migrants coming in.

If they start their own business, they're gonna provide jobs for people and they're gonna be ending up paying more tax to the government, which then provides some of the services that we need in this country.

So another check then.

True or false? "Migrants who start their own businesses help to grow the economy of the UK." Is that true or false? And why? So you pause the video, write down your answer, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did you get on? True or false? "Migrants who start their own businesses help to grow the economy of the UK." That is true.

But why is it true? New businesses and the new employees, they will pay tax, which helps the government pay for services for everyone.

Well done.

Okay, so migrants also bring their lifestyles and culture to the new country that they're moved to, and that might include restaurants and supermarkets.

Chinese restaurants and Polish supermarkets are a familiar part of many towns and cities throughout the UK.

So you can see in the image there, there's a Chinese restaurant in London and a Polish supermarket in Dorset.

So because people from China and people from Poland have moved, have migrated into the UK, they've brought their lifestyle and culture, and opened Chinese restaurants and opened Polish supermarkets.

So that brings a little bit more culture into our country, into the UK.

Brings a different lifestyle and a different culture into the UK.

And now, all across the UK, you see lots of different types of restaurants and lots of different types of supermarkets that everybody enjoys.

So another check then.

"Which of the following are positive impacts from migration?" Is it new foods, social tensions, job vacancies filled, or brain drain? Which of those do you think? So, pause the video, write down your answer, and come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did you get on? Which of the following are positive impacts from migration? The answer is A, new foods and C, job vacancies filled.

Well done.

So, migration also leads to a greater variety in fashion.

Many shops and market stalls in London sell wax cloth and colourful fabrics that have come from Nigeria.

So you can see in the image there, an image of a market stall in London, and you can see the map which shows where Nigeria is.

So people from Nigeria have come over and migrated into the UK and brought some of fashions from their country, wax cloth and lots of colourful fabrics, and that's now in ingrained in their fashion industry in this country.

Now, remittances are money sent by migrants to support their families in their home countries.

Now Aisha asks, "Are remittances good or bad?" Remittances can have both positive and negative impacts to the UK and the home countries.

So remittances can have positive good things and negative bad things.

There can be good things and bad things about remittances.

Let's have a look at some of them.

So remittances have some positive impacts.

Remittances help to reduce poverty in migrants' home countries.

So because migrants have moved into this country and sent some of the money home to where they came from, to the country that they came from, to their families that still live there, that can help to reduce poverty because they've sent some of the money that they've earned and that reduces poverty in that country.

By supporting families abroad, remittances contribute to global economic stability.

So because the migrant is sending that money abroad, that's contributing to a stability globally.

So making sure that countries all over the world have got enough money to live and survive.

And remittances can strengthen the ties between the UK and the migrants' home countries.

So it can build a good relationship between the UK and the country that the migrant came from.

Okay, so we're gonna go at our first task of the lesson now.

So, "Explain each of the following positive impacts from migration to the UK." So you're gonna explain each of them in turn.

The first one, job vacancies filled.

The second one, new businesses created.

And the third one, new foods and fashions.

So you need to explain each of those positive impacts.

Share what they are and explain why there are positive impact.

Okay, so pause the video, write down your answer to all of those questions, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did you get on? So, you're gonna explain the positive impact from job vacancies filled.

Your answer might include, "Migrants help by working in important jobs like doctors, nurses, builders, and farmers.

This is important because the UK doesn't have enough workers for these jobs, which helps care for people and built homes, schools, and roads." How much of that did you get? Let's have a look at the next one.

So the next one was new businesses created, and you may have written, "Some migrants start businesses like restaurants or shops.

This creates jobs for others, brings in money through taxes and strengthens the local community." How much of that did you get? Let's have a look at the last one.

They're new foods and fashions.

So you may have written, "Migrants bring their culture, including food and clothes.

For example, Chinese restaurants, Polish supermarkets, and colourful Nigerian fabrics are now part of life in the UK." How did you get on? Well done.

Okay, so we're now gonna move on to the second learning cycle.

We're gonna look at "What are the challenges of migration in the UK." So we've looked at the benefits of migration, now we're gonna have a look at some challenges of migration.

So although migration has many benefits, there are also some challenges from migration in the UK.

Let's have a look at what some of those challenges might be.

An increased demand for resources, people leaving the UK, social tensions, and remittances.

So we're gonna look at each of those in turn.

So when people move to the UK from other countries, they need places to live, healthcare when they are sick, and schools for their children, and this puts additional pressure on these services because there are more people here, and so that puts additional pressure on those services.

When more people move to a town or city, more homes are needed.

Migrants, like everyone else, need doctors, nurses, and hospitals when they are unwell.

And families who move to the UK may have children who need to go to school, so that puts those increased pressures on these services.

People may choose to move away from the UK for different work or lifestyle opportunities.

Now Jacob asks, "Why do people leave the UK?" That's a really good question.

Moving to another country can be an exciting way to experience new foods, traditions, and ways of life.

Sometimes people find better jobs or higher salaries in other countries that suit their skills and interests.

And so then they choose to move somewhere else because there's a better opportunity somewhere else for them.

Okay, so let's check what we've learned again so far then.

"People may choose to move away from the UK for different work or lifestyle opportunities." Is that true or false? So pause the video, write down your answer, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, how did you get on? So, true or false? "People may choose to move away from the UK for different work or lifestyle opportunities." That's true.

But why is it true? Moving to another country can be an exciting way to explore new cultures while finding better job opportunities that match your skills and interests.

Did you get that right? Well done.

So when people move to the UK from different countries, they might speak different languages, follow different traditions, or dress differently.

Sometimes people don't understand these differences, which can lead to problems like misunderstandings or unfair treatment.

So Sam asks, "How can we avoid these problems?" That's a really, really good question, Sam.

How can we avoid these problems? What do you think? The best way to avoid these problems is by learning about and respecting each other's cultures.

So everybody's different.

Every country around the world has different cultures and different traditions.

Everybody is different.

And in order to avoid misunderstanding different people or giving other people unfair treatment, the best way to avoid that is to learn about them, to be really interested about their culture, learn about it and respect that they are different to you, and that can avoid those problems. So another check then.

Which of the following is a challenge of migration? Is it A, new food, B, social tensions, or C, new fashion? What do you think? So pause the video for a minute, write down your answer, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, so which of the following is a challenge of migration? And the answer is social tensions.

Well done.

Okay, so back to remittances then.

There are some challenges in the remittance system.

So we've looked at what the benefits are, but there are also some challenges.

Let's have a look at what they are.

So, "Money sent abroad reduces disposable income available for spending and investment within the UK economy." So if money is earned in the UK and then sent abroad, that means there's less money in the UK to be able to spend on things and to grow the economy.

So that can be a negative.

"This outflow of funds could limit the overall economic benefits of migration for the host country." So some of the economic benefits, the good things that people that are living here are earning money and then spending that money in this country to contribute to the economy.

But if they aren't spending that money and are sending it somewhere else, then that reduces that overall economic benefit because the money's being sent somewhere else.

And finally, "It may create dependency in the home country rather than encouraging local economic development." So that means that instead of the people in that country going out and being able to get jobs or create their own money somehow and develop economically, they become dependent on that money being sent over which isn't very good because they're not able to grow.

So there can be some of the challenges.

Okay, so our final task of the lesson then.

The first one, "Complete the spider diagram below." So the spider diagram is challenges of migration in the UK and there are four different legs.

We've looked at four different challenges.

So can you write what those four different challenges are? Question 2, "Explain a challenge of migration.

Try to include an example.

Now you could research this yourself or use one from the lesson." And the third question, "Explain one negative impact of remittances." Okay? So pause the video, answer those questions, and then come back and let's see how you got on.

Okay, let's see how you got on then.

So, question 1, "Complete the spider diagram below." So there were challenges of migration in the UK, and the challenges are, an increased demand for resources, infrastructure challenges, social tensions, and remittances.

How many of them did you get? Well done.

So question 2 then.

That was "Explain a challenge of migration.

Try to include an example.

You could research this yourself or use one from the lesson." So there are a few different things you could have written for this answer then.

And this is an example of one thing that you may have included.

"One challenge of migration is that people may choose to move away from the UK for different work or lifestyle opportunities.

For example, someone might move from the UK to Italy to experience Italian traditions such as festivals and siesta, and take advantage of a job opportunity in a growing fashion or design industry." So what have you written for your answer for that question? Which challenge did you choose to write about and what was your example? And then question 3, "Explain one negative impact of remittances." Now you might have written, "Money sent abroad reduces disposable income availability for spending and investment within the UK economy." "This outflow of funds could limit the overall economic benefits of migration for the host country." "It may create dependency in the home country rather than fostering local economic development." How much of that did you write down? Well done.

Okay, so what have we learned in today's lesson about migration in the UK? We've learned that migration brings opportunities for a country but can also lead to challenges.

Migration can increase diversity within a country leading to changes in fashion, food, and culture.

And people may choose to move away from the UK for different work or lifestyle opportunities.

Thank you for joining me for today's geography lesson.

I've really enjoyed it and I hope you have too.

Looking forward to seeing you next time.