Hello there and welcome to today's history lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss.

I'm really passionate about history and I'm also really looking forward to teaching you.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that having something to write with and write on, and someone or something to talk to, would also be really helpful.

All right then.

Let's get straight into today's history lesson.

In this history lesson, we are going to be looking at John Franklin's Lost Expedition.

We're going to be looking at a sea journey that went horribly wrong and has quite a sad ending, but it is incredibly fascinating and shows humankind's will to explore, go to unknown places and complete incredibly difficult journeys.

The outcome for our lesson is I can describe John Franklin's attempt to discover the Northwest Passage.

So we are going to be looking at the seafarer, John Franklin, and his attempt to complete a journey that up until this point in history, no one had knowingly managed before.

Here are then the keywords for today's learning.

Our first word is, my turn, your turn, Navy.

Then we have Pacific Ocean.

And finally, this route that John Franklin was trying to take, Northwest Passage.

So we're going to consider what this word Navy means as John Franklin was a part of the Navy.

The ships and boats a country uses for fighting are known as the Navy.

Many great sailors have been part of different navies around the world.

The Pacific Ocean is the ocean between the Americas and Asia, and the Northwest Passage is a northern sea route between the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans.

This is his route that John Franklin was trying to take.

So we are going to be looking at how a man from the Navy, John Franklin, attempted to take this Northwest Passage.

Sadly, John Franklin's expedition was lost.

We're going to consider in the first learning cycle who John Franklin was and what it was that he did, why he is such a significant figure, and then we're going to consider what happened on John Franklin's journey, that lost expedition.

Let's get on with looking at who he was and what he did then.

Here we have an illustration of John Franklin.

He was a British explorer.

An explorer is a person who goes to new and unfamiliar places.

He joined the Navy, one of our keywords there, as a sailor in the year 1800 at the age of just 14.

So he was only 14 years old when he joined the Navy.

Do you remember what that keyword Navy means? Well, the ships and boats a country uses for fighting are known as the Navy.

Can you imagine being only 14 years old and potentially going to battle at sea in the Navy? Well, that's what John Franklin did.

Indeed, in this period of history, many young people would have joined from a young age.

He would've worked his way up through the ranks.

In the Navy, John went on many voyages, so many long journeys, and took part in many battles fighting for Britain at the time.

The Navy includes planes, boats, or cars.

Complete the sentence with the correct word now.

Off you go.

Brilliant job.

The Navy includes boats.

The Navy, remember, are the ships and boats a country uses for fighting at sea.

So we have here John Franklin in his Navy uniform.

This is another illustration of him.

John Franklin spent his whole life as part of the Navy.

We know he joined when he was 14 and he remained a part of the Navy up until his ill-fated death.

Eventually, he became an admiral.

An admiral was one of the highest ranks within the Navy.

This meant that he was in charge of many boats and many sailors.

He was a brilliant leader and an expert sailor.

You probably would be if you joined something for the age of 14 and then dedicated your whole life to it.

As Admiral, John Franklin went on many voyages across the Pacific Ocean to Australia.

We can see here a photo of a statue of John Franklin in a place called Tasmania, which is in Australia.

So he went on many long journeys and successfully navigated boats across huge oceans like the Pacific all the way to places like Australia, very far from Europe and Britain.

For part of his life, he lived in a place in Australia called Tasmania, and that is where this statue was set up.

He was the Governor of Tasmania for six years.

So one of the key people in charge of that area.

And here, we see his statue commemorating him.

Which important job did John Franklin have in the Navy? Captain, cook or Admiral? Brilliant.

Well, captain is a rank, but it's not the rank that he had.

He wasn't famous for being a cook.

He was famous for being an Admiral, someone who is in charge of lots of ships and boats and naval soldiers.

So there was one place nobody had managed to sail.

It was called, my turn, your turn, the Northwest Passage.

Here we have an image of John Franklin as an Admiral and as an Admiral and as an explorer he was quite determined to travel through this Northwest Passage.

There are a number of reasons why he wanted to travel through this passage, and there are a number of reasons why nobody had yet managed to sail through it because it was quite dangerous.

John Franklin decided that he wanted to be the first person to sail and find passage through this Northwest Passage.

He set off for his expedition with his crew in 1845.

So during the Victorian era in Britain.

This was an incredibly dangerous expedition and we're going to be looking at it in more detail now.

Here we have a map showing the Northwest Passage.

It's a passage that skips out and goes over North America, the landmass that we can see mapped here.

It will be a passage that would've joined the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean together.

The Northwest Passage then is a sailing route around the top of North America.

It links the Atlantic and the Pacific Ocean.

We can see here the Atlantic Ocean, which is that ocean between Europe and Africa and the Americas, and then the Pacific Ocean, which is that ocean between the Americas and the continent of Asia.

So no one had made this journey before.

No one had successfully navigated a route through this Northwest Passage.

You can see that it would've been incredibly useful for sailors to have a safe route through here as they then wouldn't have had to sail around the South Americas.

They could have sailed over North America and skipped out that landmass, which would've slowed down travel.

However, there was a reason why no one had managed to successfully navigate this passage before.

It was quite dangerous.

True or false? John Franklin wanted to sail through the Northwest Passage.

Okay, this statement is true.

Why? Because nobody had done this before, and he wanted to be the first person to complete it.

Here we see one of the reasons why explorers really wanted to do these things.

They wanted to be known in history as the first person.

They wanted to be celebrated and remembered as the first person to explore these new ways.

And this is what John Franklin wanted to do.

So for our practise task now, what I'd like you to do for me is add labels to the image we have here of John Franklin.

We can see him here in his naval uniform.

I want you to describe who he was and what he did.

Draw on your knowledge and learning from this learning cycle.

Here are some keywords that you can include in adding your labels.

You might include Navy, Admiral, explorer, and Northwest Passage.

They're just some ideas that might help you.

Pause the video now and add your labels to the image of John Franklin.

Off you go.

Good job, team.

I love seeing you show the knowledge that you've picked up about John Franklin, this fascinating explorer.

John was in the Navy from the age of 14.

That's the first label that I've added.

Here are some things you could include.

John was an Admiral in the Navy, spent his whole life in the Navy, remember, worked his way up through the ranks and became an Admiral.

He went on many voyages and was involved in many battles for the Navy.

He went as far as places like Australia, and remember even lived in Australia, being the Governor there in a place called Tasmania.

John was an explorer, so he wanted to find new ways and go through unfamiliar, go through unfamiliar journeys to unfamiliar places.

And what he really wanted to do was sail the Northwest Passage.

And we know that he began this journey in 1845.

So we have looked at who John Franklin was and why he's famous, what it was that he did.

Now we need to look at the ill-fated journey that John Franklin took through the Northwest Passage.

So in 1845, as we said before, John Franklin and his crew left England in two ships called the "Erebus" and the "Terror".

Here we have illustrations of the two ships.

They're two large sailboats.

You can see their mast and their sails.

They're large holes.

These ships, remember, were called the "Erebus" and the "Terror".

These were big ships and they were really strong and they had survived long journeys and even being involved in battles before.

So they were naval ships, part of that fighting force.

Do you notice anything interesting about the ships? See if you can spot some of their features.

Can you see their sails, their holes, the rigging? Pause the video now and just take some time to look at the "Erebus" and the "Terror".

Great.

The "Erebus" and the "Terror" were the names of John Franklin's dogs, John Franklin's friends, or John Franklin's ships? Complete the sentence for me now.

Off you go.

Good job.

You're clearly paying attention to the previous slides.

They were the names of John Franklin ships, the ships that went in 1845 on the expedition to go through the Northwestern passage.

And so John Franklin, the two ships, and his crew headed northwest across the Atlantic Ocean, hoping to be the first crew to successfully navigate the Northwest Passage.

You can see here on our map the journey that they were hoping to take to travel northwest from Britain up through and past modern day Iceland over modern day Canada, up into the Arctic Circle, and then down across the Pacific Ocean to reach Asia.

So we can see here the direction that they would have taken.

The further north they travelled, however, and we can see them travelling upwards, the colder it became.

The freezing waters were icy and difficult to sail through.

Now, even though they were travelling in steamships, the freezing temperatures were still so cold that the waters froze and it became almost impossible for the ships to move.

Soon, John Franklin's ships were surrounded by ice and they were stuck.

So you look carefully at this artist's interpretation of how it might have looked.

We have an illustration of the ships, the "Erebus" and the "Terror" stuck on the ice.

The ships were last seen waiting for the ice to clear so they could continue their exploring and their journey to be the first cruise to make the Northwest Passage.

Can you imagine how scary and frightening it would've been and how cold it would've been, it being so cold that the waters of the ocean froze.

True or false? John Franklin's ship got stuck on the rocks.

Great job, team.

This is absolutely false.

And how do we know? They weren't bashed upon the rocks or stuck on rocks.

They were stuck on ice because they had entered that Arctic circle, that freezing region that you would've had to travel through to complete the Northwest Passage.

Sadly, John Franklin and his crew of 129 men never returned from their expedition of the Northwest Passage.

This is one of the dangers of trying to complete an expedition to an unknown and dangerous place.

Remember, no one has successfully made this journey through the Northwest Passage before.

Lots of other explorers also tried to find the ships and John Franklin and his crew, but they had to turn back because it was too cold.

Just goes to show how dangerous it must have been.

14 years later, a note was found.

The crew had written what happened to their ships.

So the reason we know exactly what's happened is because 14 years later, a note was found.

Indeed, finally, in 2014 and 2016, the ships were actually finally found themselves, but we actually knew what had happened to them, close to the time because 14 years later, a note from the crew was found.

It said that the ships had become stuck in thick ice and they had to go and leave the ships to go and find more food.

They became desperate for food, so they had to leave the ships and the men perished in the icy cold.

How do we know what happened to John Franklin and his crew in the Northwest Passage? What historical source tells us what happened? They sent an email, they left a note, they told their friends.

Pause the video and select the correct answer now.

Brilliant job, team.

Well, email was not a thing back when John Franklin and his crew went on this expedition.

It was indeed that they had found a note and that note was found 14 years later.

They didn't tell any friends.

Although explorers did go try to rescue and find them, it was too cold and they had to turn back.

So what I'd like us to do now for our practise task is to show that we know what happened on John Franklin's sad and tragic journey.

I'd like you to put these events into the correct order.

Number one, the earliest, chronologically, has been done for you.

John Franklin and 129 crew left England with two large ships, the "Terror" and the "Erebus".

So I want you to look at, and order the events chronologically.

So you're gonna use the numbers two, three, four and five.

Off you go, team.

Put these events in the correct time order.

Excellent job.

You clearly understand the order of the tragic events of John Franklin and his attempted exploration of the Northwest Passage.

So we know event number one, John Franklin and the 129 crew left England with two large ships.

Event number two is John Franklin ships sailed into the Northwest Passage, so they sailed northwest from Britain.

Remember they were trying to cut out, having to go onto land across North America and go by sea from Europe all the way to Asia.

Then the ships became stuck in thick ice.

The conditions were freezing.

Then the crew had to leave the ships to find food.

And finally, the reason we know this is 'cause 14 years later, a note about what happened to the crew was found.

Sadly, John Franklin and all of his crew had died.

Great job.

Did you manage to put the events of John Franklin's voyage in the correct order? Check now.

It's been really fascinating, if not a little bit sad, looking at John Franklin's loss expedition today.

John Franklin was a British explorer and Admiral in the Navy.

Remember that a Navy is the ships and sailors that fight at sea.

He wanted to sail through the Northwest Passage, a route linking the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean.

In 1845, Franklin left with two ships, the "Erebus" and the "Terror," heading for the Northwest Passage.

The ships were last seen waiting for ice to clear and were not seen again after that.

Now, the reason we know what happened is because 14 years later, a note was found, which explained that the ships had been stuck in the ice and the crew had left them to find food, how sad.

But as is the case with exploring and going on expeditions, there is always a level of danger.

John Franklin was determined.

He and his crew were going to be the first people to successfully navigate that Northwest Passage.

And although it ended in tragedy, died doing what he'd spent most of his life doing, which was sailing the seas.

Keep up the great history learning and I'll see you again soon.