Hello, my name's Mrs. Casey.

What's your name? It's great to join you for this history lesson today.

This lesson is part of the unit called "Traditional stories: what do they tell us about the distant past?" I love listening to stories.

This story is set in Wales and England and is about a man called Owain Glyndwr.

It's set over 600 years ago.

That's a very long time.

I wonder what it will tell us about the past.

Are you ready to get started? Let's go.

By the end lesson, you'll be able to retell the story of Owain Glyndwr's early life.

Here are some keywords that we will come across in today's lesson.

Listen carefully as I read them to you.

Marches.

Descended.

Bard.

Lord.

Do you think you can have a go at saying them? Let's do my turn, your turn.

Here we go.

My turn, Marches.

Your turn.

Well done.

My turn, descended.

Your turn.

Excellent.

My turn.

Bard, your turn.

Great.

Well done.

My turn, lord, and your turn.

Excellent, everyone.

We'll be using these words in our lesson today.

Listen out carefully for them and you'll hear what they mean and how to use them in context.

The title of today's lesson is Wales, England and Owain Glyndwr.

We have two learning cycles in today's lesson, Owain's early life, Owain returns to the Marches.

Over 600 years ago, a boy called Owain Glyndwr was born in a very special place.

The place was called the Marches, and it sat between two great kingdoms, England and Wales.

At this time, the king of England ruled both the English and Welsh kingdoms. Previously, Wales had been its own kingdom, but that was over 700 years ago.

Great listening to the beginning of the story, everyone.

Let's check what we've learned so far.

Where were the Marches? A, between England and Ireland, B, between England and Scotland, C, between England and Wales.

Pause the video and speak to your partner.

Well done, everyone.

The Marches were between England and Wales.

The answer was C.

And here we've got a true or false to check what we've learned.

Is it true or false? When Owain Glyndwr was growing up, Wales had its own leader, the King of Wales.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and talk to your partner.

That one is false.

Is it false because A, over 600 years ago, the King of England ruled England and Wales? Or is it false because B, over 600 years ago, the King of Scotland ruled England and Wales? It was A.

In the Marches, the English and the Welsh often mixed together, and many people living there had a Welsh and an English parent.

However, Owain's parents were both Welsh and Owain was actually descended from the princes who had ruled Wales when it was its own kingdom.

In fact, one day Owain would grow up to become the Prince of Wales himself, but we'll get to that bit much later in the story.

Did you spot one of our keywords? Descended.

That was one of our keywords.

When people are related by blood to older generations, they are descended from them.

Well done, everyone.

Let's check what we've learnt.

Which statements about Owain are true and which ones are false? A, Owain was born over 600 years ago.

B, Owain lived in a place called the Marches.

C, Owain's parents were both English.

D, Owain Glyndwr was descended from the princes who had ruled over Wales.

Pause the video and talk to your partner to decide which ones were true and which ones are false.

Well done, everyone.

Great discussions.

Owain was born over 600 years ago.

That one is true.

Owain lived in a place called the Marches.

That's true.

Owain's parents were both English.

That one is false because Owain's parents were both Welsh.

That's right.

Owain was descended from the princes who had ruled over Wales.

That's true.

As a boy, Owain spent time riding horses, feasting and learning to fight.

He was very happy growing up, but then one day, his life changed.

His father sadly died and Owain was sent to live with another family in the Marches.

It was scary and upsetting for him, but he was very brave.

Owain did know it was a good opportunity for him and his future.

It was not unusual at the time for children to live with other families so that they could learn things that would help them when they were older.

A few years later, when he was a young man, Owain left the Marches and travelled the long journey to London.

He was going to London as he wanted to learn about the law.

Every day, Owain went to the courthouses to watch court cases.

During court cases, a person called a judge listens to different arguments people are having.

The judge then decides who is right and who is wrong and helps the people find a solution.

The law courts were so interesting to Owain.

He listened to many different types of arguments.

Some were about who owned land.

Some were about who was meant to marry who, and some were even about people stealing each other's farm animals.

Owain also continued to learn how to fight.

By the time he had finished learning about the law in London, Owain was a strong and clever man.

Now that he was older and stronger, he had a chance to fight in a real army, and so he made another long journey, this time to Scotland.

He was fighting for the English king.

He must have been very brave.

At the time, the English king, Henry IV, was attacking Scotland because he wanted to rule there too.

Even though he had help from English and Welsh soldiers like Owain, Henry was still unable to defeat the Scottish.

He was very angry and disappointed about this.

Great listening to the beginning of the story about Owain's early life.

Let's see what we've learned.

Can we sort the activities Owain did into the following categories? Things he did as a young boy and things he did as a young man.

Learned to fight, fought in Scotland, went to live with another family, studied law, horse riding.

Pause the video and decide which activities Owain did when he was a boy and which ones he did when he was a man.

Owain learned to fight when he was a boy and a man.

Owain fought in Scotland when he was a man.

When he was a boy, he went to live with another family.

As a young man, Owain studied law.

As a young boy, Owain enjoyed horse riding.

Did you get them all right? Well done.

Here is our first task.

Tell your learning partner what you've learned about Owain so far.

Make sure to answer these questions in your explanation.

When was he alive? Where was he born? What did he do as a boy? What did he do as a young man? Listen really carefully to your partner and see if you can add any extra information.

Okay, time to have a go at the task.

Well done, some excellent discussions.

Your answers might have sounded a bit like this.

Owain was born over 600 years ago in a place called the Marches.

The Marches were between England and Wales.

His parents were Welsh.

As a boy, Owain rode horses and learned to fight.

When his father died, he went to live with another family.

As a young man, Owain studied law.

Then he went to Scotland to fight for Henry IV.

Now we're moving on to the second part of our lesson: Owain's return to the Marches.

Are you excited to find out what happens next? I am.

Let's go.

After he had finished fighting in Scotland, Owain came back to the Marches.

He married a woman called Marged, and they moved into a beautiful large house and had a big family together.

They had 11 children.

Here is a drawing of what their house might have looked like.

Well done, everyone.

Let's check what we've learned so far.

What did Owain do after fighting in Scotland? Did he A, get married and live in a big house in the Marches? B, did he get married and live in a large castle in Scotland? C, did he get married and move back to London to work as a judge? Was it A, B, or C? Fantastic.

It was A, he got married and lived in a big house back in the Marches where he had grown up.

Owain and Marged's house was filled with laughter, love, and joy.

They often invited famous poets called bards to come and stay whenever they could.

They loved listening to the bards tell stories, sing songs, and recite poems around the fire in their hall.

The bards loved coming to stay as Owain's feasts were famous for having the best food in the Marches.

The bards wrote many songs and poems about Owain.

Although they were all different, the bards had one thing in common: they agreed that Owain was special.

The bards said that one day Owain would do special things for Wales.

After all, Wales needed someone special to help as many Welsh people did not want the King of England to continue ruling over them.

Did you spot our keyword? Bard.

A famous poet is called a bard.

Do you like poems? Well done for listening so carefully.

Let's check what we've learned with this true or false.

Is it true or false? The bards agreed Owain would one day do great things for Wales.

True or false? That's true.

Is it true because Scotland needed someone special to help them as many Scottish people did not want the English to continue ruling over them? Or is it true because Wales needed someone special to help them as many Welsh people did not want the English to continue ruling over them? That's right, it's B.

Some of the lords in the Marches were Welsh, like Owain, and some were English.

The English lords wanted more and more land.

One of these English lords was Owain's neighbour whose name was Reginald Grey.

Did you spot our keyword? Lord.

A lord was someone of power who owned land.

Owain's neighbour was an English Lord called Reginald Grey.

Let's see if we can match the keyword to the definition.

Bard, lord.

Someone of importance who owned land, a famous poet.

What is a bard? That's right.

It's a famous poet.

Well done.

A lord is someone of importance who owned land.

Owain's neighbour, Reginald Grey, was very greedy.

He wanted as much land as possible.

He even stole some of Owain's land.

Owain knew what to do though.

He complained to Henry IV, the king of England, thinking that Henry would get him his land back.

What do you think Henry said to Owain? Well, Owain had a big surprise and it wasn't a good one.

Henry supported Reginald.

He told Owain he had to let Reginald keep his land.

"I'm on Reginald's side because I want the English lords to take the lands of the Welsh," said Henry IV, King of England.

Owain was furious as you can imagine.

Let's check what we've learnt.

What did Henry IV say to Owain? Tell your partners your ideas.

Well done.

So Owain said, "My neighbour, Reginald Grey, has stolen my land." King Henry IV might have said something like, "You must let Reginald Grey have the land because he is an English Lord." Owain had lots of support.

Lots of other Welsh people were angry with the English as the other Welsh lords had lost their land too.

They were fed up with the way the English ruled them.

It was very dangerous not to do what the king said, but Owain thought that together they could successfully challenge the King of England.

Owain met with the other Welsh lords who might be able to help him.

They listened to him and agreed that something had to be done.

They started to talk about how Wales should rule itself and be a separate kingdom.

As Owain went around speaking to these lords, he heard something.

It was a chant.

♪ Owain Glyndwr, Prince of Wales ♪ ♪ Owain Glyndwr, Prince of Wales ♪ ♪ Owain Glyndwr, Prince of Wales ♪ It started quietly, but it grew louder and louder.

Owain thought hard about what this meant.

He would have to fight against the English and Henry IV.

He decided he would fight against the English.

Well done for listening, everyone.

Let's check what we've learned.

Owain and the other Welsh lords were angry with the way the English were ruling them.

What did Owain decide to do? A, move to Scotland and live there.

B, fight the English to try and free Wales from English rule.

C, speak to Henry IV again and demand his land back.

It was B.

He decided to gather an army and fight the English.

Well done, everyone.

Let's have a look at our second task.

Tell your learning partner the next steps in the story of Owain deciding to fight against England.

The first and last steps have been done for you.

The first step is a boy called Owain Glyndwr was born in the Marches.

And the last step is Owain decided he should fight against the English.

But what happened in the middle? Can you tell your learning partner? You could use these words.

Marches, Scotland, bards, neighbour, Henry IV.

Pause the video and have a go.

Well done, everyone.

You could have included Owain went to London to study law.

He went to Scotland to fight in the English army.

He returned to the Marches.

Bards said he would do special things for Wales.

Owain's neighbour stole land from him.

Henry IV let Reginald Grey keep it.

Fantastic listening today to the story of Owain Glyndwr's early life.

Let's summarise what we've learned.

Owain Glyndwr was born in the Marches when the King of England ruled both England and Wales.

He was descended from the princes who ruled over parts of Wales.

As a young man, he travelled to London to study law and fought in an English army against Scotland.

When he returned to the Marches, Owain got married and lived in our big house.

He often invited bards to stay.

The bards said Owain would one day do great things for Wales.

Many of the lords in Wales were unhappy with the English King.

Owain Glyndwr decided to fight and try and make Wales free from English rule.

Bye for now.