Lesson video

Hello there my friends and welcome to the 10th and the final lesson on this unit of the Great Fire of London.

My name is Mr Pedroza and in this lesson we're going to have a look at the following question.

So the question is going to be: What other disasters have befallen London? So far in this unit we've looked at in great detail, at the Great Fire of London of 1666 AD but actually there have been other fires that have destroyed parts of the city throughout its history.

So we're going to have a look at three of those.

And then we're also going to take a look at a different fire in a different city from around the world.

So very exciting.

Let's have a look and see what the lesson structure for the lesson is going to be.

So we're going to begin with the Star Words as always I share some key vocabulary with you and then we'll have a look at Queen Boudica's Revolt, you know a little bit about this from earlier in the unit, then we have look at the great fire of Southwark.

We'll have look at the Burning of Parliament.

We'll have a look at the San Francisco Earthquake.

So this is the different, this is the case study from another part of the world.

And then as always, we'll do our End of Lesson Quiz.

Things that you're going to need, you're going to need your exercise book or paper.

You're going to need your pencil or your pen and then you're going to need your ruler.

If you haven't got those, go and get them now, Go! Super speedy my friends, well done.

Okay.

Got five Star Words.

We got revolt, borough, record, parliament and earthquake.

Let's find out what they mean.

So revolt is when you rise up and you fight against the government.

So when you rise up and you fight against government, that means you are you're that is a revolt.

Next one, we got a borough and a borough is an, it is an administrative division of London.

Next one, we got a record and a record is a written account or other collection of information.

Next one we've got parliament.

And a parliament is a group of people who make the laws for a country.

A group of people who make the laws for a country is known as a parliament.

And next one, we got earthquake and an earthquake, it's a shaking or other movement of part of the earth surface.

And it's caused by movement deep within the earth, that is an earthquake.

So let's begin by recapping all of our knowledge about the Great Fire of London.

And so we know that it happened over 300 years ago and to be really exact, we know that it happened, it began, on September 2nd, 1666 AD.

And we know that began roughly at 2:00 AM on a Sunday evening.

Now we know that, we know where it began and it began in Thomas Farriner's bakery on Pudding Lane.

We know that the damage caused was 13,200 houses were destroyed.

And that left around 100,000 people homeless and miraculously only six people died, but there have been other similar events in London's history.

So there've been other fires that have also destroyed parts of the city.

So let's find out about this, let's find out about them and how they have shaped the city.

So let's have a look at our timeline.

So that's the key event that we know about.

We know about the Great Fire of London in 1666 AD and the three other examples that we're going to see today that we're going to study today.

We got Queen Boudica's Revolt which happened in 16.

60 AD.

Then we've got the Great Fire of Southwark that happened in 1212 AD.

And then we got the Burning of Parliament in 1834 AD.

So those are the three case studies that we're going to look at.

And our reference point is going to be the Great Fire of London, because that's the one that we know the most about.

So let's begin by looking at Queen Boudica's Revolt, and this is the one that happened furthest back in time.

So let's have a look.

So one of the earliest cases of fire destroying the City of London dates back to 60 AD when the city was known as Londinium.

And Boudica was the wife of Prasutagus.

She was the wife of Prasutagus, good job.

And he was the leader of the Iceni Tribe.

And this is a picture of Queen Boudica, that.

And Prasutagus, Boudica's husband, he had made a deal with the Romans who had conquered South East England in 43 AD.

and under this deal they said Prasutagus, you can continue to be the leader of the Iceni Tribe, and we're going to leave you in peace.

But after Prasutagus died, the Romans, they betrayed the Iceni Tribe.

And they invaded their land and they took many of the people as slaves.

Boudica herself was whipped by the Romans.

And so Boudica led a revolt against the Romans and she raised an army and she destroyed the city of Londinium and the nearby city of Verulamium in 60 AD.

And in London, in the present day, there is actually a statue, a statue of Queen Boudica, which is really close to the Houses of Parliament.

And this statue, which is on the screen now, is known as Boudica and her daughters.

Right let's complete our very first task.

So here you got to complete a sentence.

You got a date to fill in and you got the name of a people that she that Queen Boudica revolted against.

So you've got to complete that sentence, have a go, pause the video and complete this task.

Let's have a look and see if you got my first question right.

My first Complete-A-Sentence task.

So in 43 AD, Queen Boudica destroyed Londinium as part of her revolt against the Romans.

Great job my friends give yourselves a pat on the back.

Now let's talk, let's continue on to the next case study.

So we got Queen Boudica's Revolt, and that was the furthest that was the one that happened the furthest back in time.

So now we're going to jump forward around 1200 years to the next event.

And this happened in 1212 AD, and this is known as the Great Fire of Southwark.

The next thing the next event takes place in the London Borough of Southwark, as the name might suggest.

And this part is located just south of the River Thames.

So here's the River Thames, here's London Bridge, and this map shows you Southwark as it is now.

The Great Fire that happened around 800 years ago happened in that re.

in that area.

So although the exact date is unknown, the fire first destroyed Saint Mary ovary, which is now known as Southwark Cathedral.

The fire then spread to the recently rebuilt London Bridge.

And although the bridge had been built mostly out to stone on top of London Bridge, there were many wooden shops and houses, which caught ablaze really easily.

People began to flee over the bridge for safety while some travelled in the opposite direction to help fight the flames.

High winds fanned the flames, causing the fire to spread quickly until eventually both sides of the bridge were ablaze.

And unfortunately, this meant that lots of people became trapped on the bridge with a fire raging on either side of them.

And it's so that unfortunately around 3000 people died either in the fire itself or drown in the river Thames in their attempts to escape.

So let's have a look at the next task on which bridge did people become trapped during the fire of 1212 AD? Was it A, was it London Bridge? Was a B, was it Southwark Bridge? Was it C, Tower Bridge? Or was it D, Westminster Bridge? So A, B, C or D on which bridge did people become trapped during the fire of 1212 AD? Have a think, have a go, pause the video and complete this task.

Okay.

Let's have a look and see if you've got this one right, I think you did.

So on which bridge did people become trapped during the fire of 1212 AD? The answer was, hey, it was London Bridge.

Awesome job.

So remember that people began to flee over over the bridge for safety.

So some were travelling in this direction.

And then other people began fleeing towards the bridge because they wanted to help put the fire out.

And eventually they became trapped on the bridge because the winds, they fanned the flames, and both sides of the bridge caught ablaze.

Unfortunately many people became trapped.

So people became trapped on London Bridge during the fire of 1212 AD, awesome job my friends well done.

Okay.

So now we know about Queen Boudica's Revolt and how she destroyed London in 60 AD.

And then we moved forward to 1212 AD.

And we learned about the Great Fire of Southwark.

Let's have a look at the most recent example in our lesson.

So we've got the Burning of Parliament, which happened in 1834 AD.

So the Burning of Parliament was a Great fire in London, which occurred on the 16th of October, 1834.

And it happened at the palace of Westminster, which was the Mediaeval Royal Palace, which was used as the home of the British Parliament.

And that left that building largely destroyed.

And the blaze, the fire was started by the burning of small, wooden tally sticks.

And you can see on the screen some examples of tally sticks.

And these tally, these tally sticks were used for keeping records of numbers, quantities and messages.

And the reason why this fire started was because so- somebody threw them away really carelessly into a furnace, which led to a chimney fire and this fire then spread throughout the entire building.

Now, when this happened, the event attracted a large cloud, large crowds, which included several artists who provided us historians with some pictorial records and now form a primary source.

And they are part of a of primary sources of this event.

And in this picture, you can see the damage caused by the fire.

So let's have a look at this question.

What led to the destruction of the Palace of Westminster in 1834, have a think about what led to the fire beginning? What was it that was carelessly thrown away that led to the fire starting in the first place.

So you can use my sentence starter, you can say that the destruction of the Palace of Westminster was caused by what was it caused by? Have a go at it, have a go, pause the video and complete this task.

Okay let's have a look, and see if you remember.

Ready? It's got something to do with this.

Do you remember what they're called? They're called.

? Tally sticks? Good.

Okay.

So let's have a look at the answer.

So what led to the destruction of the Palace of Westminster in 1834 AD? The answer was the destruction of the Palace of Westminser, Westminster was caused by the careless burning of small wooden tally sticks, which were used for keeping records.

So that led to a chimney fire.

And the chimney fire began to spread uncontrollably underneath the building.

And it led to destruction of much of the entire place in 1834 AD.

So awesome job on that, I'm going to leave this answer up so that you can check it against your own.

Now let's have a look, and there we go.

So we have now studied three more events, outside from the Great Fire of London, which have destroyed large parts of the city so we got in 60 AD we got Queen Boudica's Revolt, then we studied 1212 AD, the Great Fire of Southwark.

And we got 1834 AD, the Burning of Parliament.

So now what we'll begin to see is, we're going to travel to another part of the world.

And we're going to see how fire has des-, has changed.

How fire destroyed that city or parts of that city.

So on this map, the green circle represents the UK, actually what I'm going to do.

Can you point to the UK on my map, have a think have a go.

Where do you find the UK is? If you pointed to where the green circle is, then you are right.

That is the UK.

But for our next example we need to travel all the way to the city of San Francisco.

My turn then your turn San Francisco, San Francisco, great job.

And San Francisco is a city in the United States of America.

So if we know that this is a United Kingdom, where do you think the United States might be? Have a think, point to it.

Okay.

If you pointed to this place, then you are absolutely right.

So that is the United States.

Okay.

Let's zoom in.

San Francisco is a city, in the state of California.

You might be able to see the name San Francisco somewhere here.

So you can see it here.

Good.

Okay.

So that is where San Francisco is, it's in a state called California.

So, let's keep zooming in.

So this California map, and now we have arrived.

We are in San Francisco.

Woo.

That was a quick journey.

So now we're going to have to go back in time around 114 years into the past.

And we're going to go back to 1906 AD.

And now this event is known as the San Francisco earthquake.

And it happened in 1986, AD.

And on the morning of April 18th, 1906, a huge earthquake struck the region near the city of San Francisco.

And despite only lasting for about one minute.

So around 60 seconds, the earthquake caused huge destruction.

And the shaking of the earth during the earthquake caused gas lines to break, and these set off huge fires, waterlines were also broken, which made it really difficult for firefighters to do their job effectively.

And as a result the fire burnt for four days, before finally being extinguished.

And approximately around 200,000 people were made homeless where around 3000 people loosened their lives.

So in my last task here, what I want you to do is I want you to put these sentences.

Er I want it to fit.

I want you to complete these sentences by using the keywords that I have there.

So the keywords that you can use, you can use water, earthquake, minute, you've got 200.

000, you got gas and you got difficult.

So, have a think, where do you think those words might go.

Once you think you know, write the sentences out and then read it back to check that it makes sense.

So at this point, what I'd like you to do pause the video, have a go at this task.

And when you come back, we'll check it.

We'll check whether you're-.

We'll check.

We'll check a.

Right, have a go.

Okay let' have a look and see how you did.

So let's have a look.

On April the 18th, 1906, a powerful earthquake struck close to San Francisco.

Despite only lasting around a minute, the earthquake left around 200,000 people homeless.

So we've got earthquake, minute and 200,000.

Next one, the earthquake broke gas lines, setting of huge fires.

Water lines were also broken, making fighting the fire difficult.

So in the last sentence, we use gas, water and difficult, and that is it.

Well done.

I'm going to leave it up so that you can check it against your own.

Good job my friends, well done.

And that is the end of the lesson.

So it's now time to complete your end of lesson quiz.

If you'd like to please ask your parent or carer to share your work for you, they can do it on Instagram on Instagram, they can do it on Facebook, they can do on Twitter.

They going to tag @OakNational.

And the hashtag is #LearnWithOak.

So great work today, but also excellent job throughout this entire unit.

I hope you had lots of fun learning about the Great Fire of London; I certainly did, I learned lots and lots of things along the way.

So until next time, goodbye my friends take care.