Hello historians, and welcome to today's history lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, and I'm incredibly passionate about history, and I can't wait to teach you today.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that, someone or something to talk to would be excellent and having something to write on and write with would also be really helpful.

All right, let's get straight into today's history lesson, then.

I can't wait.

In this history lesson on the Victorians, we're going to be considering Alice Kinloch and the Victorian British Empire.

The outcome will be, I can explain why Alice Kinloch came to Britain and how she helped miners in Africa.

Here are the keywords for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

South Africa, empire, diamond, miners.

So South Africa is a country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa.

When a country controls other groups of people or other countries, it has an empire.

A diamond is a precious gemstone found deep under the ground, under the earth's surface, that has taken millions of years to form and is incredibly valuable.

Miners are people who worked in mines, digging for coal, metals, or precious stones like diamonds.

So today we're going to be considering a woman from South Africa, which during the Victorian era was part of the British Empire.

We're going to be considering the journey that she took and the campaign that she began to fight for rights for miners working in South Africa.

So today we're learning about Alice Kinloch and the Victorian British Empire.

We're going to begin by learning about who Alice Kinloch was, where she came from, and what she did, and then we're going to concentrate more on what it was that she fought for, and what she campaigned for, and what she did.

Let's get on and find out who Alice Kinloch was, then.

So Alice Kinloch was a Black woman who lived during Victorian times.

She was born in South Africa.

At that time, South Africa was one of the countries that was part of the British Empire.

So South Africa was a different country in a different part of the world, but it was ruled by Queen Victoria at the time.

Remember, an empire is when one country controls another area.

So the United Kingdom at this time, under the rule of Queen Victoria, controlled South Africa.

Image here shows a plaque in Alice Kinloch's name.

Plaques are often set up in honour of a significant historical figure.

This means that we know that Alice Kinloch is a significant historical figure whose actions made a difference.

We're going to consider now what actions she made and why.

Here we can see a map of the Victorian British Empire.

This is a map from 1898.

The Victorian British Empire expanded greatly during Queen Victoria's reign.

Here we can see a map of the empire in 1898.

We can see South Africa labelled down below on the southern tip of the continent of Africa.

But this was not the only country that was part of the British Empire.

We can see countries in North America, all across Africa, in Asia, and in Australasia and the Caribbean that were part of the British Empire at this time.

This means that all of the countries that are in red here were controlled by the United Kingdom.

All of the countries in red, then, on this world map were part of the British Empire in Victorian times.

This means that Queen Victoria ruled over these countries.

She was their ruler.

South Africa was one of these countries, where Alice Kinloch came from.

Which statement is correct? Lucas says, "Queen Victoria only ruled the United Kingdom." Sam says, "Queen Victoria only ruled England and Scotland." And Jun says, "Queen Victoria ruled other countries as well as the UK." Consider the learning that we've done so far in this learning cycle.

Who is correct? And explain your answer.

Off you go.

Great job, team.

So, Queen Victoria only ruled the United Kingdom.

This is not true.

She was the ruler of United Kingdom, but she also ruled other countries that were part of the Victorian British Empire, so Jun is correct.

Sam is not correct because she didn't only rule England and Scotland.

She ruled the United Kingdom and other countries around the world that at the time were part of the Victorian British Empire.

Now, people in the countries of the British Empire were not always treated fairly.

Alice Kinloch believed that the native people, that is the people that traditionally lived in these countries before the arrival of the British, she believed that these native peoples of other countries other than Britain, like hers, South Africa, needed more of a voice in the British Empire, which was ruled purely by the British.

She wanted to stand up for African people and make their lives better.

We can see her as, then, an activist.

Alice spoke up because she thought things were unfair, and she particularly thought that things were unfair for South African miners.

Alice decided that she would travel all the way from South Africa to England in 1895 on an important mission.

She wanted to make her voice heard and to fight for change for people in African countries.

Here we can see a map showing the distance that Alice had to travel.

In 1895, this would've been a very long and difficult journey, but she was so determined to travel to Britain and to make her voice heard and the voice of the people of South Africa.

She wrote articles criticising the conditions of miners in South Africa, and she campaigned both in South Africa and in the UK.

She was an eloquent writer who wrote pieces about the mistreatment of workers, and she also was a public speaker who gave lectures on the topic as well.

Which people did Alice give a voice to? Did she give a voice to people living in the city of London? Did she give a voice to people from other countries in the British Empire? Or did she give a voice to people from the country of South Africa? Who did she give a voice to? Select your answers now.

Off you go.

Great job, team.

So who did Alice Kinloch give a voice to? Who did she stand up for? Well, it wasn't the people living in the city of London, as that is already in the United Kingdom.

She stood up and gave a voice to the people from other countries in the British Empire.

She believed that the native people of these countries that were ruled by Britain weren't being heard and that the people there often weren't being treated fairly.

And she also then gave the people of the country of South Africa a voice, as this was one of the countries that was part of the Victorian British Empire at this time.

Specifically, she wanted to stand up and fight for the rights of workers and miners in South Africa.

So from the learning that we've just done about the Victorian British Empire, what can you say about this empire? You can use the map to help you.

Consider which countries were part of the British Empire at this time.

Consider what we know about how these people were treated.

Consider where Alice Kinloch was from.

Pause the video now.

What can you say about the Victorian British Empire from the learning that we have done? Use the map to help you.

Off you go.

Okay, team.

Good job.

You've clearly picked up a lot of information there, and you've also deeply considered which countries are part of the empire, the distance from the United Kingdom that they were.

Well done for using the map to help you as well.

So I heard loads of incredible answers.

Your answers may have included, the British Empire was all of the countries around the world ruled by Britain.

And on the map, they were the red countries.

South Africa, which we saw at the southern tip of the continent of Africa on our map there, was part of the Victorian British Empire.

This is where Alice Kinloch, this key, significant historical figure that we're learning about, was from.

South Africa is a very long way from Britain, and Alice Kinloch took a very long journey to come to Britain in 1895 to make sure that people from other countries in the British Empire's voices could be heard and to campaign for their rights.

Life for people in other countries in the British Empire was different from life for people in Britain.

Often they were treated very unfairly.

So we've considered the British Empire.

We've learned that South Africa was part of the British Empire at this time.

We've considered who Alice Kinloch was, where she was from, and the fact that she made a journey from South Africa to the United Kingdom in 1895 to speak up and make sure that people from the wider British Empire were heard.

Now we're going to consider what she did.

So in some countries in Africa, precious jewels like diamonds, which is one of our keywords, can be found deep underground.

Diamonds are very valuable.

They can be polished and then used for jewellery or in royal crowns and other objects.

We can see here an illustration of the Cullinan I diamond encased in a royal sceptre.

The largest diamond in the world is this Cullinan I, and it was found in South Africa, and it became part of the British royal family's crown jewels.

Through the taking of such precious diamonds, this could be seen as the British ruler or crown as asserting its power over the empire.

In South Africa, where Alice Kinloch was from, there were many mines where people worked digging for diamonds, these precious stones.

People that worked in mines were called miners.

Now there were also miners in the United Kingdom at the time, but these people were mining for precious diamonds.

Mining for diamonds was a hard and difficult job, and the miners were often not treated fairly or kindly.

You can see here a photograph of miners in a diamond mine in South Africa during the Victorian era.

The Cullinan I diamond is the largest clear diamond on Earth.

It is also known as the Great Star of Africa.

Why do you think it has this nickname? Consider where it's from.

Consider what diamonds look like.

Share your ideas with your learning partner now.

Off you go.

Great job.

So some of your answers may have included, diamonds are beautiful and bright and can twinkle like stars do.

Perhaps this is why it was called the Great Star.

It's the biggest diamond found on Earth.

It's the largest clear diamond, remember? So that's why it's perhaps called Great, because of its size.

It would also be the Great Star of Africa because it was found in South Africa, which is on the African continent.

So Alice Kinloch was very unhappy about how the miners in South Africa were treated.

They were not treated fairly, and often they were not treated equally.

They were forced to work incredibly long hours in very hot and humid conditions, down deep diamond mines.

They were often not given rests or breaks, and they also weren't paid very much money at all.

Often they were given no food or water to drink, and they definitely weren't paid fair wage for the hard work they were doing.

This photograph on the right shows miners of a diamond mine in South Africa in 1900, towards the end of the Victorian era.

You can see they're not really wearing any protective clothing.

This work would've been incredibly dangerous.

You can imagine also, for Alice, as a proud South African, seeing the workers being treated this way and then those diamonds that they found deep inside the mines and through hard work being taken away and taken off to the United Kingdom, not even remaining in her country, you can see how this may have been upsetting for her and many other South Africans.

When she came to Britain, Alice wanted to fight for change for the miners.

She wrote articles and also gave speeches that campaigned for rights for the miners.

She wanted new rules to help them work in a safer, fairer way.

In fact, she set up a group of people called the African Association, who worked together to help bring about change.

Here we can see a photograph of an invitation to an African Association conference that was going to be in London in 1900.

Through this tireless campaigning and hard work, Alice was able to bring about some positive change.

So for our check, now, what I'd like you to do is choose a word from the box to complete each sentence.

We have the words poor, miners, remember, those are the people that would work down inside the mines, help, and diamonds.

Remember, those diamonds are those precious stones, like the Kinloch one diamond.

I'd like you to read the sentences carefully and then use the words below, the correct words below, to complete the sentences.

In South Africa, many people worked as mm.

Their job was digging underground for precious stones called mm.

Miners worked in very mm conditions.

Alice Kinloch set up a group to try and mm the miners and change the conditions they were working in.

Pause the video now.

Put the correct words into each sentence, and then say the sentences out loud.

Off you go.

Good job, team.

You've really clearly picked up a lot of information during this learning cycle, and it's really impressive to see.

So in South Africa, many people worked as miners.

These are people that go down into mines deep in the earth and take out precious metals, stones, and other materials.

Their job was digging underground for precious stones called diamonds.

South Africa is well renowned for having some of the greatest diamond mines.

Miners worked in very poor conditions.

The conditions were dangerous, incredibly humid and warm.

They weren't treated fairly by the people who ran the mines either.

Often they had to work long hours and were not given fair breaks, food, or even water.

Alice Kinloch set up a group, the African Association, to try and help the miners and change the conditions they were working in.

She campaigned tirelessly so that the voices of native people across the Victorian British Empire could be heard.

So for our practise task today, I want you to use everything that you've learned today to help you.

Tell your learning partner what you have learned about why Alice Kinloch came to Britain.

What did she do to help people, as well? Here we have some keywords that you should most certainly include in your sentences.

We have South Africa, that country in the continent of Africa that was part of the Victorian British Empire.

It was a very long way away from the United Kingdom, wasn't it? We have empire, when one country controls or rules another.

We have diamonds, those precious stones that are mined from deep inside the earth.

Miners, who are those people that go and work in the mines.

Unfair, which describes how the miners were being treated.

And conditions.

Consider the conditions that the miners had to work in, what they were like, and what this led Alice to do.

So use these words, and tell your partner what you've learned about Alice Kinloch, why she came to Britain, and what she did to help people.

Off you go, team.

Incredible.

I loved hearing your answers, there.

You've clearly given some deep consideration as to why Alice Kinloch campaigned for those miners.

You've clearly picked up lots of key information about the British Victorian Empire and its relationship with South Africa during this time as well.

Your answers could have included, Alice Kinloch came to Britain from South Africa to try and improve conditions for diamond miners.

Remember, they weren't treated very fairly at this time.

They thought the way that they were being treated was unfair.

Yes, some people from other countries in the British Empire were being treated badly.

They weren't treated equally or fairly, like the systems of the United Kingdom at the time.

Working in the mines was unsafe, and Alice wanted to help the African miners.

So Alice, remember, took that long journey from South Africa to the United Kingdom in 1895.

She wrote articles, gave speeches, and campaigned for the rights of these diamond miners in South Africa.

So we've been learning today about Alice Kinloch and the Victorian British Empire.

In Victorian times, Britain controlled many other countries around the world, and this was called the British Empire.

South Africa was part of the British Empire, and Alice Kinloch, the key figure we've been learning about today, was born in South Africa.

South Africa had many diamond mines and many people worked in them as miners.

Conditions in mines were very poor and unsafe, and many people across the British Empire were not treated fairly.

So Alice travelled to London on a mission to help the miners and make things more fair for them, and to make sure that the native peoples from across the British Empire had a voice.

She truly was a significant historical figure.

Keep up the great history learning, and I'll see you again soon.