Hello historians and welcome to today's history lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, and I'm incredibly passionate about history and I can't wait to teach you today.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that someone or something to talk to be excellent and having something to write on and write with, would also be really helpful.

All right, let's get straight into today's history lesson then.

I can't wait.

In this history lesson, we are going to be considering Victoria as Empress of India, we are going to be considering the British Empire, and we are going to be considering a key figure and attendant in her life, Abdul Karim.

The outcome will be, I can describe the relationship between India and Britain during Victorian times.

Here are the key words for today's lesson.

My turn, your turn.

Make sure I can hear you say these back to me as they're going to be very important.

The first word is India, empress servant, household.

Brilliant.

Thank you for saying those back to me.

Let's have a chat about what these mean then.

India is a country in Southern Asia surrounded on three sides by the Indian Ocean.

A female leader of an empire is called an empress.

Britain, at the time of Victoria, had an empire.

Victoria as the head of state was an empress for many of the countries within this British Victorian Empire, and India was one of the countries of which she was an empress.

And we'll be looking at this in more detail in today's lesson.

A person who has a job working in someone else's home is a servant, and a ruler's household includes all of the people who support a ruler and live in the same building as them or very near to them.

Queen Victoria had a very large household Wherever she went.

She had a large number of people who served under her and attended to her, and we're gonna be thinking about a key figure within her household.

who was from India today, Abdul Karim.

So today, we are thinking about Victoria, Empress of India, we're going to consider the relationship between Britain and India in Victorian times, and then we're going to look at a more personal relationship, that of Victoria and one of her servants, an India man named Abdul Karim.

Let's get on with looking at Britain and India in Victorian times them.

So here we have a map of the world.

This is a map of the Victorian British Empire in 1898, towards the end of Queen Victoria's rule.

During Queen Victoria's rule, Britain's empire had expanded greatly.

One of the countries that the United Kingdom had colonised and then ruled was India, which you can see circled here.

India is in the Asian continent, but we can see that from the areas in red, the British Empire was very large.

It spanned across many continents, including North America, the Caribbean, and Central America, Australia, Africa, and Asia.

So Queen Victoria ruled over all of the countries that you can see in red on this world map.

They were part of the British Empire at this time.

India was one of the countries in the British Empire.

While Victoria was Queen, Britain began to rule over more and more of India.

It colonised it.

It was the largest British-ruled area in a continent of Asia.

And you can see here a map of British India in Victorian times.

What name was given to the group of countries around the world which were ruled by Britain during the Victorian era? Brilliant.

They weren't known as the British Islands, although some of the places that (clears throat) Britain ruled were islands.

They were known as the British Empire.

Well done.

Many of them were colonies as well, but the correct title for the collective of those places ruled by Britain at that time is the British Empire.

So we know that India had become more and more colonised by the British and had become a key part of the British Empire.

In 1876, during Queen Victoria's reign, she was given the title of Empress of India, and empress is a female leader of an empire.

And remember that those countries around the world that were controlled and ruled by Britain were part of the British Empire.

Many people in India were happy about having Victoria as their empress and celebrations were held in her honour.

Here we can see an illustration of a celebration of Victoria, Empress of India.

It is being proclaimed here by the gentleman reading the piece of paper that Victoria shall become their empress and we can see large celebrations being held.

This is not to say that all people in India were happy about this.

Indeed, many groups of people across the British Empire were not happy being ruled by the British and felt that they were treated unfairly.

The British ruled parts of India for over 300 years.

British rule ended in 1947 when the independent countries of India and Pakistan were created.

So Britain and India had had a long colonial history.

This relationship began before Victoria's reign and continued after her death in 1947, many years after Queen Victoria's death.

India and Pakistan, the two countries that are modern countries today were formed and gained independence from British rule.

Here we have two illustrations of the flags of India and Pakistan.

The one labelled A is the flag of India, and the one labelled B is the flag of Pakistan.

Which statement here then is correct? Sam says, "Queen Victoria was also queen of India." Hmm.

Alex says, "Queen Victoria was Empress of India," and Izzy says, Queen Victoria was Empress of Great Britain." From the learning that we have just done, who is making the correct statement and explain your answer.

Off you go.

Great.

So Sam says, "Queen Victoria was also Queen of India." This is not her title in India.

Alex is the one that is correct, "Queen Victoria was Empress of India," and Izzy is incorrect.

Queen Victoria was not Empress of Great Britain.

She was the Queen of Britain.

So I'd like you now for this practise task to decide whether each statement is about India or Great Britain, GB, which you can see labelled here in our table.

You need to tick your choice.

The statements are: Victoria was queen of this country.

Victoria was empress of this country.

Queen and empress are two slightly different things.

This country is in Asia, and this country was part of the British Empire until 1947.

You need to put a tick in the correct columns.

Is the statement referring to India or Great Britain, GB? Pause the video now.

Read the statements, put your ticks in.

Off you go.

Brilliant job team.

I'm incredibly impressed.

You've clearly picked up a lot of knowledge about India and Britain's relationship during this period of history.

So Victoria was queen of this country.

The tick should go into our Great Britain column here.

She was Queen of Great Britain.

She was not queen of India because she was given the title in 1876 of Empress of India.

She was in charge of that part of the Empire there.

This country is in Asia.

The continent of Asia? That is India.

Great Britain is not in Asia, it's in Europe.

We know that India was the Victorian British Empire's largest controlled country in Asia, and this country was part of the British Empire until 1947.

That is again, India, when in 1947, the two countries of India and Pakistan were formed, and independence was declared from the British Empire.

Great learning, team.

So we've improved our knowledge there and learned a lot about the history and relationship between Great Britain and India.

So now that we've looked at Britain and India and their relationship in Victorian times, we're going to look at a more personal relationship that Queen Victoria had with India.

We're going to consider Victoria's servant, Abdul Karim.

First of all, it's important for us to understand why Queen Victoria had so many servants.

She had a very large royal household.

Remember that a household are all of the people that support a ruler and live either in the same building as them or nearby.

Remember that Queen Victoria had a number of residences, including Buckingham Palace, Balmoral and Windsor, and she would have people or servants working for her at each of these residences.

Her royal household was made up of many servants who helped her.

A servant remember, is someone who attends to someone's needs.

They perform services for them and do jobs for them.

These included cooks, gardeners, cleaners, and also other key servants who help the queen with everyday tasks.

Here we have a photo of a royal servant steering horses pulling a royal coach.

This is just an example of one person who would be within the queen's household.

Some of the servants in the royal household lived in the same building as Queen Victoria, either in London or in Scotland.

Remember, she had of royal residence in Balmoral in Scotland on an estate there, or they were local and lived nearby.

Some trusted servants travelled with the queen wherever she went.

Here we can see a photo of Queen Victoria riding her horse with a servant in Scotland.

After the death of her husband, Prince Albert, she in fact, became particularly close with a servant in Scotland by the name of John Brown.

True or false? The royal household included many servants who did jobs for the queen.

Pause the video now, select the correct answer and see if you can explain your reasoning as well.

Okay, team.

This is true.

Rulers like Queen Victoria, people in powerful positions had large households, had many people who worked for them.

These people were servants.

They were paid for their work.

They did tasks like looking after the house and any of the daily jobs like cooking that needed doing for the queen and her family.

So most of the servants in the royal household were from local places.

In Buckingham Palace in Windsor, most came from London.

In Balmoral Castle, most came from nearby villages, like John Brown, who was Scottish.

It was a very unusual for anyone from another country to be a servant in the royal household.

This is really interesting, isn't it? Because Great Britain at this time had the Victorian British Empire and they ruled and controlled many countries around the globe.

So why wouldn't there have been more servants from across this empire? Well, this is down to the attitudes of the time, and we're going to be considering more about this in just a moment.

In this image here, we can see a photo of Balmoral Castle, which is Queen Victoria's home in Scotland.

This castle would've had a large household of servants to attend to the Queen and its needs.

An Indian servant called Abdul Karim began to work in the royal household in 1887.

He was a loyal servant to Queen Victoria for 14 years, in fact, up until her death.

She and he had a very close relationship.

When he first arrived, some other servants were angry.

They didn't want to treat him as an equal because he looked different to them.

This is discriminatory behaviour.

The reason they reacted like this was because he was from India.

People from other parts of the British Empire at this time were not treated equally or fairly.

Here we can see an image of Abdul Karim and Queen Victoria taken from 1897.

This is quite late in Queen Victoria's life.

The two had a very close relationship.

He even gained the title, the Indian Secretary to Queen Victoria.

Abdul Karim was from India, and he was born in British-ruled India.

Abdul Karim was very important to Queen Victoria.

He was a close advisor.

He played an important role in her later life.

Indeed, as the Empress of India, it was incredibly important that Queen Victoria have strong ties with the country she was empress of.

He even taught her how to speak Urdu, a language spoken in India and also in modern Pakistan today.

He was incredibly wise and clever and gave her lots of advice.

Queen Victoria began to give him more important jobs to do.

Of course, this made some of her other servants feel jealous.

We've already, on the previous slide, considered the fact that because he was from India and because he looked different, he was treated unfairly.

As he was given more important jobs to do, this made the other servants even more jealous.

But he was a very capable, capable advisor and helper to Queen Victoria.

Indeed, their relationship was one that was so close that upon her death he was given a pension.

This was a testament to their friendship as he sought to look after him after her death.

So what I'd like you to hear from me as a little check is find the correct word to put for the end of each sentence.

We have, the people that help a ruler with everyday tasks are.

Servants are part of the royal.

Mm.

And Abdul Karim was a loyal servant who came from.

Mm.

We have the words India, servants, and household to complete these sentences.

Find and match them now, and say the sentences out loud.

Off you go.

Good job, team.

So the people that help a ruler with everyday tasks are servants.

Servants are part of the royal household, that large group of people that rulers would often have to help them with their everyday tasks and to maintain their residences.

Queen Victoria had many servants in her household.

She had many residences.

Some of these servants from the close advisors and servants would even travel with her wherever she went.

Abdul Karim was a loyal servant who came from India.

India at this time was part of the Victorian British Empire.

Remember, he was the incredibly capable servant who was given the title of Indian Secretary to Queen Victoria.

He taught her how to speak Urdu, and their relationship was one that was so close that upon her death, as a testament to their friendship, she even left him behind a pension to ensure that he would be supported.

So we've learned a lot today about Britain's relationship with India during the Victorian era, and a really close and important personal relationship between Queen Victoria and someone from British India, Abdul Karim.

Can you tell your learning partner what you have learnt about the relationship between Britain and India in Victorian times? You could use these words to help you.

We have the word empire.

Remember, an empire are those countries that are taken over and controlled by another country.

Servant.

Abdul Karim, who was a servant from British India who served with Queen Victoria in the latter part of her life.

Empress, that is what Queen Victoria was to India.

Household, those people, that large number of people that a person in power or ruler would have that would maintain their residences and do everyday tasks for them.

And India, that country in the Asian continent, that was a part of the British Victorian Empire and that gained independence in 1947.

So I'd like you to try and use these words to help you describe the relationship that you have learned about today between Britain and India.

Consider also the personal relationship between Queen Victoria and Abdul Karim.

Show off what you've learned.

Off you go.

Great job, team.

I'm so impressed.

I love hearing your conversations there.

You've clearly learned so much in this lesson.

You've really improved your knowledge on that relationship between Britain and India during the Victorian era.

So you've been considering what you've learned about this relationship between Britain and India in Victorian times.

Your answers could include, India was part of the British Empire, and Queen Victoria was the Empress of India.

She was also good friends with Abdul Karim, an Indian servant, who was the Indian Secretary to Queen Victoria.

He taught Queen Victoria how to speak Urdu, a language which is still spoken in India and Pakistan to this day.

So in today's lesson, we've been considering Victoria, Empress of India.

In Victorian times, Britain ruled many other countries around the world.

This was called the British Empire.

India was a large part of the British Empire.

Britain had a relationship with India before, and also after Queen Victoria's reign.

Queen Victoria became Empress of India in 1876.

We then considered the fact that Queen Victoria's royal household had many servants, people who worked for her.

One of her most loyal servants that we've learned about today was from British India, Abdul Karim.

The two had a very close relationship and he advised her on many matters.

Keep up the great history learning and I'll see you again soon.