Hello historians and welcome to today's history lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss, and I'm incredibly passionate about history and I can't wait to teach you today.

With you today you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains, as well as that someone or something to talk to be excellent and having something to write on and write with also be really helpful.

All right, let's get straight into today's history lesson then, I can't wait.

In this history lesson about Queen Victoria, we're going to be thinking about Victoria, herself, Scotland, and her time spent there, and some of the key figures in her life, like John Brown.

The outcome will be, I can describe Queen Victoria's relationship with Scotland.

Here are the keywords for today's learning.

My turn.

Your turn.

Make sure I can hear you saying these.

The first is Europe.

The next word is estate.

Let's chat about what these mean then.

Europe is a continent that is between Asia and the Atlantic Ocean and is north of the Mediterranean Sea.

The United Kingdom is located in the continent of Europe.

A piece of land with a large house on it is called an estate.

We are going to be considering the queen's travels in Europe, and we're specifically going to be considering her time spent at an estate in Scotland in this lesson.

So here's the outline for today's lesson.

We are considering Victoria, Scotland and John Brown.

Our first learning cycle will be about Victoria and Scotland and her relationship with this country.

Then we're going to look at an estate there called Balmoral.

And finally, we're going to consider what Victoria's life is like without Prince out of it once he died, and her relationships with certain people such as John Brown.

So let's get on with looking at Victoria and Scotland.

In 1837, Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom.

We know that she was crowned in her coronation ceremony a year later in 1838, but her ascension for the throne was in 1837 at a very young age.

She became Queen then of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.

Together, these countries make up the United Kingdom.

The country of Ireland is not part of the UK.

It is on this map, but it is not part of the United Kingdom.

Here we have a painting of a crowd outside Buckingham Palace.

Buckingham Palace is one of the queen's main residences, places that she lived in.

The people here are here to watch Queen Victoria ride out in a carriage.

Queen Victoria spent most of her time living in London, which is the capital city of England.

She lived in Buckingham Palace, which is the palace you can see pictured here.

This palace is in London.

It is still used as a royal residence to this day.

Members of the royal family still live there.

Let's do a little check.

Name the four countries that Victoria became Queen of in 1837.

The four countries.

Pause the video now and see if you can name them.

We have a map here to help you.

Off you go.

Great job.

So when she ascended to the throne, she became Queen of Scotland, England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

These are the four countries that make up the United Kingdom.

Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert, liked to travel to Europe.

Albert himself was German.

They liked to travel there for holidays and on official trips.

These were what would be called foreign visits to go and visit with other members of European royalty as well as to perform other official matters.

They visited many countries in Europe, and these included, and I'm wondering if you can spot them on our map here, Belgium, Germany, where Prince Albert was from.

France, Switzerland, and Italy.

So they did lots of travelling throughout the continent of Europe, often to fulfil their royal duties.

In 1842, a holiday to Europe was planned, but Queen Victoria was not well enough and couldn't travel that far.

Instead, her advisors and the people that supported her changed the plans and organised a trip or holiday to Scotland for Victoria and Albert and their then children.

This is a later illustration we have here of Queen Victoria, Prince Albert and their children boarding a train to Scotland.

So they travelled there by train.

This would've taken many hours, but not as long as it would've been travelling to Europe.

So a shorter trip because of her illness.

Why couldn't Queen Victoria travel to Europe as planned in 1842? Is it A, the flight was cancelled.

B, there was a war.

C, she wasn't well enough.

Or D, she changed her mind.

Select the correct answer now.

Off you go.

Well, it wasn't because their flight was cancelled.

It wasn't because there was a war.

It's because she wasn't well enough.

It had nothing to do with her changing her mind either.

So the trip to Europe was cancelled and a holiday so Scotland was instead organised by her advisors because it was a less of a distance to travel.

So for our practise task, now I'd like us to choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

Look carefully at the highlighted words.

In 1837, Victoria became Queen of the mm countries of the United Kingdom.

Victoria is the ruler of England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and mm.

Queen Victoria lived in Buckingham mm in London, England.

And number four in 1842, Victoria and Albert went on holiday to mm, instead of going to Europe.

Pause the video now and choose the correct word to complete the sentences.

Have a good at saying them as well.

Off you go, team.

Great job, you've clearly been paying lots of attentions throughout the course of this lesson.

Your knowledge base is really improves and I can see that.

So let's have a look and see how you did them.

In 1837, Victoria became Queen of the four countries in the United Kingdom, and let's see if we can name those countries then.

Victoria was the ruler of England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland, not France.

Queen Victoria lived in Buckingham Palace is its title, not Buckingham Castle, which was in London, England, and this was her main residence.

In 1842, Victoria and Albert went on holiday to Scotland instead of going to Europe.

This was because the queen was unwell.

So to review our learning, the queen in 1837 became Queen of the four countries of the UK, which include England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland.

Her main residence was in Buckingham Palace in London, England.

However, in 1842, she had organised to go on holiday to Europe, but felt unwell.

So she changed her plans and went to Scotland.

And this began a long relationship between Queen Victoria and staying in Scotland, which we're now going to look at in some more detail.

So, we've considered how Victoria's relationship with Scotland began.

Now we're going to look at where she stayed at in Scotland and why it was so important to her.

So let's move on to our next learning cycle, building Balmoral.

The Scottish Highlands in the north of Scotland is a beautiful part of the United Kingdom.

This is an image of the Scottish Highlands here.

This is a photo of loch, which is Scottish for a lake.

You can see it's very beautiful, has rolling hills, is very green and luscious.

It has mountains, green hills, forests, and lakes that are called lochs.

The Scottish Highlands are also rich in wildlife.

Birds prey fly through the sky and stags roam freely in the countryside.

You can see an image here of a stag roaming through the highlands.

Flowers like the famous Scottish Thistle, which is the National Flower of Scotland, grow all over the land.

Which of these is found in the Scottish Highlands? A stag, a thistle, or birds of prey? Pause the video now and select all of those things which you think are found in the Scottish Highlands.

Consider what we've learned so far.

Okay, well, you're totally right.

(chuckles) They are all found in the Scottish Highlands.

The stags can be found roaming wildly.

The thistle grows in abundance across the Scottish highlands, and it's the national flower of Scotland and birds of prey, such as this bird here can be found hunting for prey.

Victoria and Albert fell in love with Scotland after going on holiday there in 1842.

They loved the Scottish Highland so much that in 1852, Prince Albert decided to buy a large area of land and make it their own private estate in Scotland.

You could see here an image, a painting of part of the estate Prince Albert had decided to buy.

It really looks a lot like that photograph of the highlands that we looked at earlier.

Those rolling hills, those lakes, very beautiful.

The estate that they built was called Balmoral.

Remember that an estate is a large area of land with a house built on it, and the estate was called Balmoral, and already there was a small house on it.

However, this was not fit for a royal family.

And Prince Albert asked a Scottish architect, so a local architect, to design and build Balmoral Castle as the house was too small.

It was completed in just four years.

And if you look at this photograph here, you can see a photo of Balmoral Castle in the 1860s.

So this was a newly built building, a castle to house Prince Albert and Queen Victoria and their family when they went to stay in Scotland.

This is incredible that we have a photograph here as cameras that could take photographs like this were one of the inventions that occurred during the Victorian era.

It's a great primary source that shows us what Balmoral Castle looked like in the 1860s during the Victorian era.

Balmoral Castle is still a royal residence today.

Members of the royal family will still go and stay there.

This is an up-to-date picture of it from 2022.

A modern photograph.

Members of the British royal family often travel to Balmoral to spend holidays or Christmas there together.

In fact, when the members of the royal family aren't there, the grounds of the estate and the gardens and the museum are also open to members of the public to go and visit, it's very beautiful.

So Queen Victoria and Prince Albert did not like being in Scotland.

True or false? Select the correct answer now.

Great job.

This is completely false, isn't it? We've just spent this whole learning cycle, learning about their love for the Scottish Highlands and the fact that they even decided to buy an estate there and build a castle to go and stay there as one of their royal residences.

Queen Victoria and Prince Albert loved Scotland so much that they purchased the large estate and built Balmoral Castle.

So for our practise task now, I'd like us to listen up carefully.

Queen Victoria and Prince Albert fell in love with the Scottish Highlands.

Who wouldn't? There's so much beauty there both in the wildlife and in the nature.

Why do you think they loved this place so much? Consider the things that we've looked at in this learning cycle.

Some of the animals that were there, some of the physical features.

Talk to a learning partner and share your ideas.

Why do you think Prince Albert and Queen Victoria fell in love with the Scottish Highlands? Off you go.

Brilliant.

Some lovely reasoning going on there.

I love to hear the full sentences as well, and lots of becauses.

You've clearly picked up a lot of information in this learning cycle.

So your answers could have included: Scotland is a beautiful place with lots of mountains and lochs.

Remember those lochs are those lakes, especially up in the Scottish Highlands.

We know that there's also lots of natural beauty with the plant life like thistles.

Yes, and there's lots of wildlife to see, like incredible birds of prey in the sky as well as roaming stags.

So Scotland and the Scottish Highlands in particular is incredibly beautiful.

So one of the reasons why Prince Albert and Queen Victoria decided to build a royal residence there and buy the estate and build Balmoral Castle.

So we've considered how Queen Victoria and Prince Albert began their relationship with Scotland.

Why their relationship with Scotland was one that was so special, and the fact that they built a castle on an estate there to stay there very often.

Now we're going to consider Victoria without Albert.

So Queen Victoria and Prince Albert spent a lot of time at Balmoral during their lifetime.

That is their castle on their estate in the Scottish Highlands.

They enjoyed being there as a family with their children.

And remember, they eventually had nine children and they made lots of memories together at Balmoral.

Here we can see a painting of Queen Victoria and her children at Balmoral.

They're riding their horses through the Scottish Highlands.

It is truly a beautiful and rugged landscape.

Sadly, though, Prince Albert died at just 42 years of age in 1861.

Here is an illustration of what Albert's funeral may have looked like.

Queen Victoria and Prince Albert have been married for 21 years and had nine children together.

This was a significant moment in Queen Victoria's life, the death of her husband.

Queen Victoria was very sad for a long time after Prince Albert died and she mourned for a very long time.

So for a quick check, I'd like you to put the events in order from one to four, starting with the earliest.

So putting these in chronological order.

The events are Prince Albert dies, age 42.

Victoria becomes queen of the United Kingdom.

Victoria and Albert buy a large Scottish estate called Balmoral and Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert.

Put these in order, chronological order with one being the earliest.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

So number one here is going to be Victoria becomes Queen of the United Kingdom.

And this occurred in, that's it, 1837.

The next event is she marries Prince Albert.

She married him in 1840.

And the next event is Victoria and Albert buy a large Scottish estate called Balmoral.

And they did this in 1852.

And then our final key event here is the sad event of Prince Albert's death at the age of 42.

And this occurred in 1861.

Great job team.

You've shown that really key historical skill there of chronology.

It's important that we're able to organise key events in order.

So after Prince Albert's death, Queen Victoria spent some time alone at Balmoral.

It was clearly a very special place to her as it had also been to Prince Albert, and I'm sure she had many fond memories of their time spent there as a family.

The staff who worked at Balmoral Castle helped Queen Victoria by looking after her at such a sad time in her life.

You can see here a photo of Queen Victoria riding her horse with a servant at Balmoral, someone who worked for her.

One of the people that helped Queen Victoria the most was a Scottish servant called John Brown.

Queen Victoria and John Brown became close friends.

A servant is a person who performs duties for others.

So he effectively worked for the queen, but they did become close friends at Balmoral.

So what facts can you say about John Brown? Consider who he was? Where he was from? What his job was? And what he did for the queen? Have a think now.

Brilliant, some great thinking going on there.

You've clearly been paying a lot of attention.

So here are some ideas that I've come up with that I'm sure you have too.

John Brown was Scottish.

He worked at Balmoral Castle, that royal residence of the queen up in the Scottish Highlands.

John Brown was a servant for the royal family.

He worked for them, performed services for them.

He also comforted her when she was sad after the death of Prince Albert.

John Brown became a close friend with Queen Victoria.

So for our practise task now, Scotland was a special place for Queen Victoria.

Why do you think Scotland was so special for her? You're gonna talk to either me or a learning partner and share your ideas and do so in full sentences.

I think Scotland was a special place for Queen Victoria because you could think about her time with Prince Albert in Scotland and their family.

You could think about the Balmoral estate, and you could think about her time in Scotland without Prince Albert after his death.

So why do you think Scotland was such a special place for Queen Victoria? Consider everything that we've learned in this lesson.

Off you go.

Great job team.

Some really good reasoning going on there and great use of the knowledge that you've picked up in this lesson.

So your answers could have included: Scotland was a special pace for Queen Victoria because: Victoria and Albert fell in love with Scotland when they first visited.

Remember, they had visit in 1842 because the queen was unwell and she couldn't go on holiday to mainland Europe.

They loved it there so much that they bought a large piece of land called the Balmoral Estate.

And on that land, they built Balmoral Castle, which is still there to this day.

Queen Victoria and Prince Albert spent a lot of time enjoying Balmoral together with their children.

We saw that image earlier, didn't we? That painting of the queen and her children on horseback through the Scottish Highlands enjoying themselves.

And after Prince Albert died, Queen Victoria found comfort being in Scotland at Balmoral Castle.

There she became close friends with a servant called John Brown.

So in today's lesson, we've been thinking about some key places and figures in Queen Victoria's life.

We've learned that Queen Victoria ruled the United Kingdom.

She was Queen of the four countries, England, Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland.

She went on holiday to Scotland in 1841 because she was too ill to travel to Europe.

However, this had a silver lining, Queen Victoria and her then husband, Prince Albert, fell in love with the beautiful Scottish Highlands.

So they bought a large estate of land and built Balmoral Castle that was designed by a Scottish architect.

Prince Albert sadly died.

After he died, Queen Victoria spent time at Balmoral and was comforted by the servant, John Brown, who became her close friend.

Keep up the great history learning and I'll see you again soon.