Hello historians and welcome to today's history lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss and I'm incredibly passionate about history and I can't wait to teach you today.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that, someone or something to talk to would be excellent, and having something to write on and write with would also be really helpful.

All right, let's get straight into today's history lesson then.

I can't wait.

In this history lesson, we're going to be considering Victorian society.

The outcome will be, I can describe some of the features of Victorian society that are shown in the painting, "Work," by Ford Madox Brown.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn, your turn.

Make sure I can hear you saying them back to me.

Society.

Classes.

Wealthy.

Okay, so society is a large group of people who share the same ruler, laws, and resources.

And today we are going to be thinking about the society in the United Kingdom during the reign of Queen Victoria.

Classes, not the classes that you are in, but classes that are groups of people, based on the job they do or how much money they have.

And we are going to be considering those different classes that made up Victorian society today.

And wealth or wealthy, if you have a lot of money and own many expensive things and are able to buy those things, then you are wealthy.

Some people in Victorian society were very wealthy, but others weren't, and we're going to be considering them today.

So today's lesson is all about Victorian society, that group of people that lived together under law, shared resources, and had the same ruler, Queen Victoria.

We're gonna begin by looking at that Victorian society, what it looked like, and what we know about it, and then we are going to study a painting from the time, called, "Work" by Ford Madox Brown, to see what it can tell us about different parts of Victorian society and different classes of people.

So let's get on with looking at Victorian society then.

So a society is a group of people.

Victorian society is all of the people that lived in the United Kingdom when Queen Victoria was the ruler.

Britain, at this time, had developed a global empire too, but for today's lesson, we're just going to concentrate on the society that was ruled by Queen Victoria in the United Kingdom.

And here is an image of Queen Victoria at her coronation.

Remember that coronation was in 1838 and it was that ceremony where she was given her crown and was formalised as the monarch of the United Kingdom.

You may have looked at, in other areas of history, other historical societies, and the structures within them.

Today our focus is on Victorian society.

So in Victorian society, people were part of different groups, and these groups were called, my turn, your turn, classes.

You might also pronounce it classes.

Classes or classes in a society are different to classes or classes in school.

They were very large groups of people.

They were people that were grouped together, in the Victorian era, by how much money they had, the types of jobs that they did.

In school, our classes are grouped by age.

However, the type of classes that we are considering are often grouped by how much money you had in the Victorian era, or the kinds of jobs that you did, the access to buying items and goods.

So who was the ruler of the United Kingdom when Victorian society existed? Queen Elizabeth II, Queen Victoria, or King Charles III? Choose the monarch now.

Good job team.

Well, if you listened carefully, I'm talking about Victorian society.

This is the era when Queen Victoria was the ruler.

Notice that it's called Victorian society.

It's named after her.

And remember that at this point in history, she was the longest ruling monarch that United Kingdom had ever seen.

So in Victorian society, these classes, these groups of people, were based on how wealthy people were.

People who were very wealthy had a lot of money so they could buy many things and had access to many more things than people who didn't have money.

Here we have some example of some Victorian money.

This is a photograph of a half crown coin from Victorian times.

They had slightly different coinage to the coins that we have now.

And on this coin, you can see the monarch's face, Queen Victoria.

Monarchs or rulers being on money is a very traditional thing that has occurred thousands of years.

So the key point here to remember is that in Victorian society, that group of people that were ruled by Queen Victoria, people were put into groups or classes dependent on how much money they had, the types of jobs that they did, and the access to different things that they had.

Those that were very wealthy were upper class.

Those that were poor and didn't have very much money will be described as lower class.

Other people had far less money and some people had no money at all.

They lived in abject poverty and were destitute.

For them, life was very hard, and this is a really key element for us to consider when looking at the Victorian era.

There was great disparity between those who had money and those who didn't have money.

For those that were wealthy, they had access to all sorts of things and lived quite comfortable lives.

For those that didn't have money or were incredibly poor, their lives were quite hard.

They might have to work very tough jobs and not be paid very much money at all.

They might have no job at all and live on the streets.

This image here is a painting of a poor Victorian child, sharing food with their dog.

The title of the painting is "A Share of Crust." You can see here, the boy, he wears rags, he has no shoes.

The only food he has is a crust of bread, which he's sharing with his dog.

You can see next to him, he has a broom.

Perhaps he's being paid a small amount of money to clean the street.

The upper classes then were the wealthiest people, and the lower classes, which this boy would've fit into, were the poorest people in society.

So we can see here that in Victorian society, people were split into those who had money and those who didn't have money.

True or false, a person that has little money is wealthy.

This is false.

People who have money are wealthy.

A person that is wealthy has a lot of money, which means they can buy many things.

In Victorian society, those people that had wealth were part of those upper and middle classes, and those people that didn't have wealth and lived in poverty, were part of the lower class.

So for our practise task now, what I'd like us to do is to figure out what these words mean.

We've been looking really carefully at these words today.

Can you match the words to the definitions? So the three words we have here on the left are society, classes, wealthy, and we have three definitions, people that have lots of money, the people living at the same time with the same ruler.

So if we are thinking during this period of time, this will be Victoria as the ruler, and groups of people in a society.

Those groups are often organised by how much money they had or didn't have.

So could you match these words now to the definitions? Think about all of the learning that we've done so far in this learning cycle.

Off you go.

Good job team.

You've clearly been paying a lot of attention.

So society is the people living at the same time with the same ruler.

And we are looking at Victorian society, and we're specifically looking at people living in the United Kingdom at the time at which Victoria was their ruler.

Classes or classes are groups of people in a society, and we today, have looked specifically at those that lived in the upper class, so those people that did have wealth and money and access to things, and those people that were in the lower classes, who lived in poverty and who had hard lives in the Victorian era.

And finally, wealthy.

Wealthy people are people that have lots of money.

Wealthy people will be those people in those upper classes in Victorian society.

Great job.

Check now and make sure that you managed to match these words to the correct definitions.

So we've looked carefully at Victorian society.

We've considered that there were those people that did have wealth and money and lived in those upper classes, and that there were people who did not have money and were in those lower classes.

In this next learning cycle, we're going to look at historical source from the time, a painting, and we're gonna consider what this painting can tell us about Victorian society and those different classes.

So here is the painter whose painting we're going to be looking at.

This is a self-portrait, a painting that he's done of himself, or a sketch that he's done of himself.

The name of the painter or artist that we are going to be looking at is Ford Madox Brown.

Can you say that to me? Ford Madox Brown.

Brilliant.

So he was a painter who was alive during the Victorian era and he did lots of artwork during that period of time.

He painted many pictures of what life was like in Victorian society.

And amazingly, he painted various groups and classes of people.

He didn't just paint one.

So he and his work give us an insight into what Victorian society was like for different groups of people and different classes of people.

His most famous painting is called "Work." He painted "Work" in 1863, so firmly during that Victorian era.

We're going to have a look at this painting, "Work" now, and we're going to consider what it can tell us about Victorian society and the different groups that lived within it.

So just a quick check, what was Ford Madox Brown's job? Was he a doctor? Was he a teacher, or was he a painter? Pause the video now and select the correct answer.

Well done team, he was indeed a painter, and his most famous painting, called "Work," is what we are going to be having a look at now.

And here is the painting, "Work," by Ford Madox Brown, from 1863.

I'd like you to just take some time to look carefully at it.

Consider what you can see.

Consider who you can see.

Consider how people are dressed, what you can see people doing.

Look really carefully at it for me.

See if you can identify different groups of people.

Pause the video now and take some time to look carefully at the painting.

Off you go.

Okay, so you've had a chance to have a look at the painting now.

So I've noticed many different groups of people in this painting.

I can see some men that seem to be at work.

I could see some men standing around.

I can see a number of children.

If you look really closely, I can see some people sleeping.

I can see people in clothes that look quite expensive.

I can see some people on horses.

I can see people in clothes that look like they've fallen apart in rags.

I can see people with no shoes.

I can see a number of animals as well.

Looking carefully at a source like this can inform us about what Victorian society was like.

So we're going to unpick this painting now and consider what it can tell us about Victorian society and the different groups of people that lived within it.

So the painting shows that there were lots of different types of people in Victorian society.

Not everybody lived the same life.

The workers digging up the road were called navvies.

Can you say it for me? Navvies.

This was really tough work as they were having to dig up and then lay down a new road.

These men are strong and very hardworking.

We can see from the image that they're strong, and they have strong muscular arms. Their sleeves are rolled up.

They're doing what appears to be very back-breaking work.

So they're in the middle of the painting here.

These men would've been part of the working class.

They probably wouldn't have been paid a huge amount of money for creating this new road and for digging it up.

Here on the left hand side, you can see people that are unemployed.

By unemployed I mean people that don't have jobs.

They're sleeping, and sleeping on the street.

They don't have a job.

They don't have a place to live.

They don't have money.

They are not part of our wealthy, upper class that we've considered in the previous learning cycle.

They'll be part of the lowest class, the lowest tier of Victorian society.

They don't have a job.

It's quite hidden away in the painting, but if you look really closely, you can see them sleeping down by the side of the road.

On the right here, you can see some children.

I can see young children, another child holding a girl, and a boy as well.

There's a dog with them.

These are orphaned children.

They have no home or family.

Orphaned children during the Victorian era were quite common.

Life expectancy wasn't the same as it was now.

Children could easily lose parents.

Young children like this may have had to do jobs that were quite dangerous and for little to no money.

Think back to the image we looked at earlier of the young boy sharing his crust of bread with his dog.

Here are two very wealthy people from the image.

They're riding on horseback.

They have had to stop their journey because the navvies are digging up the road.

We can tell they're wealthy by what they're wearing and the fact that they're riding horses.

The upkeep of a horse would be quite expensive.

If we look carefully at what they're wearing too, we can see the gentleman and the lady both wearing hats.

Their clothes aren't ragged.

They're well looked after.

So we can see here, within this image, we have images of workers, images of people that are unemployed, images of orphans, and now we have images of wealthy people.

This is showing that two tiered nature of Victorian society, those that had money and wealth, from the upper classes, and those that were lower class and lived in poverty.

If we look to the left here, there are poor people, like this flower seller.

If we were to compare the clothing of the wealthy people on the horseback that we've just looked at, we can see here that she has torn, ragged clothing and no shoes.

We could even compare her to the woman behind her who does have shoes and who does have clothes that are nicely looked after.

A flower seller like this would've been someone who worked on the streets and didn't get paid a lot of money for selling those flowers.

There are also rich people, more rich people, like these two gentlemen here, who have stood on the side of the road, overlooking what the navvies are doing.

In the background, you can see the unemployed people sleeping.

We can tell that they're rich.

Again, they wear shoes and their clothes are well looked after.

They're well dressed, aren't they? So what I'd like us to do now is to compare the flower seller that we've just looked at, this image here, and the wealthy gentleman here.

How do you know who is more wealthy? Consider how they're dressed, what they're doing, how they're standing, and share your ideas with your learning partner.

Remember that word wealthy means to have money.

Talk to your partner now.

Off you go.

Brilliant job.

So some of the things that you might've said with your partner, and that I heard in the conversations that you were having, the flower seller has no shoes and her dress is torn.

She must be very poor.

If we consider also the job that she's doing too, selling flowers, this wouldn't have made a huge amount of money, would it? The gentlemen have shoes, smart coats, and one is wearing a hat, so they must be wealthy.

It's really important that as historians, when looking at sources, we consider what we can actually see.

The two things that these children here have said are things that we can see.

So for our practise task now, what I'd like us to do is to have a look, in more detail, at this painting.

Consider all of the different parts of the painting that we've looked at.

Consider the different parts of Victorian society we've looked at, those different classes, those that have money, those people that are wealthy in the upper class, and those people that are working in lower class, and that live in poverty.

What does this painting, "Work," by Ford Madox Brown, tell us about life in Victorian society? Be historians for me.

Use this source and share your ideas with your learning partner.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

Some incredible conversations being had there.

It can actually tell us quite a lot about Victorian society, can't it, especially when we consider it through the lens of different classes, those that have money and those that don't, those that are wealthy and those that aren't.

It also tells us, potentially, about some of the different jobs that were done in Victorian society.

So here were some of the ideas that I'd come up with, but that I'd also heard you talking about.

The painting shows us what different people were like in Victorian society.

Yes, we can see that there were different classes of people, those different groups, those that had money and those that didn't.

Some were wealthy, some were poor.

The painting shows us some different jobs that people in Victorian society had.

Yes, we can see a lady selling flowers, and also some navvies who had a tough job of digging up the road to lay down a new surface.

Incredible, isn't it, how this one source, this one incredible painting, can tell us so much about Victorian society.

So in today's history lesson, we have been considering Victorian society.

Remember that a society is a group of people that live together under similar law, share resources, and have the same ruler.

In Victorian society, this ruler was Queen Victoria.

People fitted into different classes, depending on how wealthy they were and which jobs they had.

We've looked at Ford Madox Brown's painting, called "Work." This painting helped to tell us what life was like in Victorian society.

His painting, "Work," is famous for showing the different classes of people in Victorian society.

It shows the poorest people alongside the richest people.

Remember, as historians, we have to use sources like this as evidence for what life in the past was like.

Keep up the great history learning and I'll see you again soon.