Hello historians and welcome to today's history lesson.

I'm Mr. Moss and I'm incredibly passionate about history and I can't wait to teach you today.

With you today, you need to bring your looking eyes, your listening ears, and your thinking brains.

As well as that, someone or something to talk to be excellent and having something to write on and write with would also be really helpful.

All right, let's get straight into today's history lesson then.

I can't wait.

In today's history lesson, we're going to be considering Queen Victoria's children.

As well as this, we're going to be considering the medical advancements that occurred during the Victorian era and how Queen Victoria herself played an important role in this progression.

The outcome will be, I can describe some of Queen Victoria's experiences of being a mother.

Here are the key words for today's learning.

My turn.

Your turn.

The first word is diaries.

The second word is pregnant.

And the third word is chloroform.

Brilliant.

Let's have a chat about what these words mean then.

When people write about their life, they sometimes write in books called diaries.

Diaries are really important historical sources for us to know about the daily lives of people in the past.

Queen Victoria has self kept extensive diaries and there're key sources of information for us about her life and about the Victorian era.

When a woman is pregnant, she's going to give birth to a baby.

This pregnancy period lasts often around nine months.

And chloroform is a chemical that was used in Victorian England to reduce pain, particularly to support women during pregnancy and birth.

We're going to be looking at this in more detail in our second learning cycle today.

So here is the outline for today's lesson.

We are looking and considering about Victoria's children.

We are going to first of all, consider the children that she had that were born, and then we are going to look at what having a baby in Victorian England would have been like.

Let's get on with our first learning cycle then.

A baby girl is born.

Throughout her life, Queen Victoria wrote letters and diaries.

Remember, diaries was one of our key words.

In her diaries, she wrote about her personal and family life.

This is how we know so much about her personal and family life because she kept these firsthand accounts of her life.

Her diaries are written evidence that tells us what she thought and felt.

As historians, it's really important that we find sources of evidence so that we can be accurately informed about the past, but also about how people themselves felt about the past.

Here you can see a photo of Queen Victoria's writing desk.

You can see on the desk, she has many pictures of her family.

You can see she also has books.

Perhaps she spent time reading here.

You can also see writing implements for her to help write her diaries.

You can imagine her settling down here and writing about the events of the day, writing about her family and her personal experiences.

Queen Victoria wrote in her diaries when she was pregnant as well.

When someone is pregnant, it means they're in that roughly nine month period of gestating or growing a baby before then giving birth.

According to her diaries, Victoria did not like or enjoy being pregnant at all, and she thought newborn babies were in fact ugly.

She found her pregnancies quite difficult times in her life, as many people do.

Alex here says, "My auntie is pregnant.

This means she's going to have a baby soon.

I will have a new little baby cousin." Lots of people associate pregnancy and giving birth as a very special time in their lives.

The birth of a small child can be very joyous.

However, pregnancies can also be difficult times for people.

And Victoria herself said that she did not enjoy being pregnant.

So what did Queen Victoria do with her diaries? Did she A, She wrote about her personal life in them.

B, She made shopping lists in them.

Or C, She wrote poems in them.

Pause the video now and select the most logical and accurate answer here.

Think about why we use diaries and what they can tell us as historians.

Off you go.

Great.

Absolutely.

She votes about her personal life and experiences in them.

She didn't use them to write shopping lists as far as we can tell.

And although she may have written some poetry, I'm not sure she would've done this necessarily in her diaries.

I haven't taught you that you have evidence of that.

However, we do have evidence of her talking about her personal life and experiences in her diaries.

Although she did not like being pregnant and these were not enjoyable times for her, Queen Victoria became a mom nine times.

She ended up having nine children.

Indeed, many of these children grew up to then have relationships with other members of royal across Europe, and she gained the title, the Grandmother of Europe.

Her first child, a baby girl who was also called Victoria, was born in 1840.

This was later in the same year as her marriage to Prince Albert.

All of her nine children she had with Prince Albert.

Here we can see a painting of the young Princess Victoria at the age of two.

Wealthy families would often have portraits and images painted of their young children.

Victoria and Albert went on to have eight other children, so nine in total.

Here we have an image of both Victoria and Albert together with five of their children.

This was by 1846.

They had had five children.

In total, they had nine.

Here are the names of some of their children.

We obviously know Victoria was the first born.

Then came Albert Edward.

There was also Alice, Alfred, Helena, Louise, Arthur, Leopold, and finally Beatrice.

Here then is an image of the family.

You can see in the centre, seated, Queen Victoria herself.

The gentleman stood up to the left with the moustache and sideburns is Prince Albert, and then surrounding them are their nine children.

I'm wondering if you can look carefully and consider who you think the eldest might be.

That will be Victoria.

Who do you think the eldest boy might be? That will be Albert Edward.

And I'm wondering if you can spot who the youngest two children are.

That will be Leopold and Beatrice.

One thing that strikes me about this image as a source is how serious everybody looks.

Prince Albert Edward was Victoria's second child and her eldest son.

Here is an image of him when he was roughly five years old in 1846.

When Victoria died in 1901, he became King Edward VII of the United Kingdom.

Interestingly, you may have noticed that Victoria, Queen Victoria's firstborn daughter did not become queen.

This was because during this period, there was a rule or law that the eldest born or firstborn son, male heir, would become the next monarch.

And this was Prince Albert Edward, who became King Edward VII.

So true or false, when Queen Victoria died, Princess Victoria, her firstborn child, became the new queen.

True or false? Good job team.

You've clearly been paying lots of attention.

This is false.

And the reason this is false is that Prince Albert Edward became King Edward VII because he was the eldest male child of Queen Victoria.

He wasn't the first born child but the eldest first born male child that became the new monarch.

So for our practise task now, I'd like you to match the names to their descriptions.

Let's see if you've been paying attention.

Who is who? Match the names to these descriptions.

Father of Victoria's children, Victoria's first baby, Victoria's last baby, and Victoria's eldest son who later became King.

And our names are Albert Edward, Beatrice, Albert and Victoria.

Pause the video now, match those names.

Let's play a game of who's who.

Off you go.

Cracking job team, I'm really impressed.

You clearly know who's who, which is great.

Let's check and see how you've done then.

So father of Victoria's children, well, that's her husband.

That was Prince Albert.

Victoria's first baby.

That was Victoria.

They shared a name.

Interestingly, Queen Victoria's own mother had the name Victoria.

Three Victorians in a row.

Victoria's last baby was Beatrice.

And Victoria's eldest son who later became king was Albert Edward, who became King Edward VII when she died in 1901.

So we've considered Victoria's family, the nine children that she had.

We've also considered her experiences of her pregnancies and the fact that we have evidence from her very own diaries that she did not enjoy these pregnancies, and that she in fact thought that young babies were ugly.

Nevertheless, she ended up having nine children, and we know that her second born child, Albert Edward became King Edwards in 1901 upon her death.

Now we're going to consider what having babies in Victorian England was like, not only for Queen Victoria, but for other women as well.

So when a woman is pregnant, remember that period of growing a child, growing a baby, gestating, that roughly nine month period, this means that she's going to give birth to that baby.

Nurses and doctors help to look after pregnant women.

This is the same today as it was then in the Victorian era.

A doctor called John Snow looked after Queen Victoria for some of her births.

And this is an image here of Dr.

John Snow.

This would've been a very prestigious and important position for him to hold and one that he would have been very proud of, I'm sure, being a royal doctor and supporting the Queen throughout her pregnancies, periods in her life that she didn't particularly enjoy.

When Victoria was having her eighth baby, so her penultimate, her second to last, there was a new medical invention for women giving birth.

It was called chloroform.

Say that for me.

Chloroform.

This was a chemical that could ease pain and Dr.

John Snow gave Victoria this chloroform.

Now during the Victorian period, this was an age of radical and rapid change, and one a very swift medical developments as well.

New chemicals and drugs became readily available for people to use for things like pain relief.

You can see here we have an image of antique bottles of chloroform.

What did John Snow do to help Queen Victoria? He was her doctor when she had some of her babies.

He was her cook and made her delicious food.

He gave Queen Victoria chloroform to help her with pain.

Select all of the correct answers.

Off you go.

Brilliant job team.

You've clearly been paying a lot of attention.

So Dr.

John Snow, who supported Queen Victoria through some of her pregnancies.

Well, he was a doctor when she had some of her babies, and he helped support her through the pregnancy and to deliver these children.

He was her cook, made her delicious food.

I've not taught you that, have I? There's no evidence to suggest that he was her cook and made her delicious food.

He was her doctor.

He gave Queen Victoria chloroform to help her with her pain.

Yes, during her eighth and ninth pregnancies, he did indeed help her by providing chloroform, a new chemical which had become readily available to ease the pain of these pregnancies.

Now, Queen Victoria was not the only woman who would've suffered pain during her pregnancies.

Queen Victoria had chloroform to help her during the births of Leopold and Beatrice, her eighth and ninth children.

She spoke openly about how good chloroform was for women having babies.

This was a huge endorsement at the time for such a significant figure as a monarch to be saying and talking openly about the fact that a chemical such as this could support and ease the pain for women during pregnancy.

Here we have some portraits of the young Leopold and Beatrice when they were children.

These were the final two children of Queen Victoria, remember? And she used the chemical chloroform given to her by the medical professional doctor's know to ease the pain during these pregnancies.

Many other women in Victorian England then began to use chloroform.

It became more widely used when giving birth.

Without the endorsement of Queen Victoria and her saying and talking openly about its use and how helpful it had been, perhaps it wouldn't have been so widely used.

They had the confidence in using this chemical because Queen Victoria used it.

This helped a lot of women in England.

Here we have an image of a Victorian woman and her baby.

Perhaps this woman's pregnancy would've been far more painful if she hadn't had access or known about chloroform.

And perhaps we can put this down to the fact that Queen Victoria, such a significant figure, a monarch of the time, spoke so openly about this.

This had a huge impact on the pregnancies of many women during the Victorian era.

And to this day, other forms of pain relief are used to support women during pregnancies and giving birth.

So why did chloroform become popular in Victorian England? Share your ideas with your learning partner.

Consider what we've learned about.

Try and be historians and think carefully about who had an impact on the use of chloroform as well.

Pause the video.

Talk to someone around you or at me.

Off you go.

Brilliant.

I loved hearing your really careful thinking and historical reasoning there.

So chloroform was a brand new medical invention.

It helped reduce pain.

And remember, during the Victorian era, those very rapid change and new forms of chemicals were being introduced in order to support things like pain during pregnancy.

Queen Victoria used it when she was having two of her babies.

When she was having Leopold and Beatrice, her last two children, it was given to her by Dr.

John Snow, a medical professional.

She spoke openly about this, remember, so many other women then used it too.

And this helped to ease the pain for many women during the Victorian era who are in pain during their pregnancies.

So for our practise task now, we are going to match the beginnings and endings of these sentences to make correct sentences about having babies in Victorian England.

Remember to think carefully about that drug chloroform.

Think about who used it and when they used it, and think about who spoke about it, which meant it became far more commonly used.

So match the sentences now.

Off you go.

Brilliant job team.

I'm really impressed.

You've clearly been paying a lot of attention during this learning cycle, and you've clearly learned a lot.

So Queen Victoria's doctor gave her chloroform to reduce her pain.

Dr.

John Snow gave this to her during her final two pregnancies.

Queen Victoria told people that chloroform helped her a lot when she gave birth.

This was true.

It suppressed the pain that she was in.

And many other Victorian women were helped by using chloroform when they gave birth.

This is true.

We can partly perhaps put this down to Queen Victoria speaking and sharing so openly her own experiences of using this.

Great job team.

So in today's lesson, we've been considering Victoria's children.

Not only this, we've also been looking at the advancements in medicine during this period in history and how things like chloroform supported women and eased their pain during pregnancies and when giving birth.

Queen Victoria wrote diaries throughout her life.

She wrote in her diaries that she didn't like being pregnant.

Indeed, these diaries are really important sources that give us an insight into her own personal thoughts and experiences during this period of history.

Queen Victoria had nine children in total, although she didn't like being pregnant.

The first was a baby girl called Victoria, who was born in 1840, later in the year after she'd married Prince Albert.

Her second child, Albert Edward later became the king when Victoria died.

When she gave birth to her last two babies, Victoria was given chloroform to reduce pain.

Other women in Victorian England then used chloroform when they were having babies too.

We can partly put this spread of the use of chloroform down to such a significant historical figure talking so openly about it.

Great job in history today, team.

I'll see you again soon.