Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping, and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant individuals who changed Britain.

And we're going to explore the question, how did they fight for change? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe the reasons for, and events of, the Bristol Bus Boycott.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are: protest, boycott, politician.

I'm going to say those again, and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Protest.

Boycott.

Politician.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what each of these keywords mean.

Let's take a look at their definitions.

A protest is when a lot of people come together to show others that they strongly dislike something.

A boycott is when people refuse to buy or use something as a protest.

A politician is someone who works for the government.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson: the Bristol bus companies, the Bristol Bus Boycott.

In the first learning cycle, we'll explore the Bristol bus companies.

Paul Stephenson had moved to Bristol in 1962 when he was 25 years old.

He became a teacher there and also Bristol's first black youth worker.

He wanted to help people and make a difference.

By the 1960s, there were lots of people living in Britain who had come from the Caribbean.

They had been invited to Britain by the government to help rebuild the cities.

However, many people treated them unfairly because of the colour of their skin.

These people who moved to Britain often struggled to earn money or find houses because people would only let them have low paid jobs.

You can see in the photo there, women and children from the Caribbean.

So they'd been invited to Britain to come and help rebuild after the war, yet they were being treated so unfairly.

Lots of people used buses in Bristol in the 1960s, and the bus companies, they needed more bus drivers.

So it's a very busy city, lots of buses, so they needed lots of drivers.

However, these bus companies would not let black people work for them.

They only gave jobs to people who were white.

Today we know that this is not allowed, and it is very wrong to treat someone unfairly because of the colour of their skin.

Have a look at that photo there of a Bristol bus from the 1960s.

It looks quite different to the buses that we have today, doesn't it? Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Who is correct about the bus companies in Bristol in the 1960s, Laura or Jun? So Laura says, "Bus companies in Bristol in the 1960s let everyone work for them because they were fair." Jun says, "Bus companies in Bristol in the 1960s did not let black people work for them because they were unfair." Pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner and then press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? Who is correct, Laura or Jun? Well, Jun is correct.

Unfortunately, the bus companies in Bristol in the 1960s did not let black people work for them, and they were very unfair.

Lots of people in Bristol knew that the bus companies were not being fair, and they wanted to do something to change it.

People like Paul Stephenson worked hard to change this.

He teamed up with four other men who had moved to Britain from the Caribbean.

Take a look at the Caribbean islands there on that map.

These small islands in between the United States, Mexico, and then Brazil at the bottom there, those little islands.

Now together, they decided to plan a protest against the Bristol bus companies.

A protest is when a lot of people come together to show others that they strongly dislike something, and they hoped that by protesting they can change something, that change can eventually happen.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Can you choose from the options below to fill the gap? So Paul Stephenson joined with four people from to plan a protest.

From Poland, from the Caribbean, from Spain.

So pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

Which of these should fill the gap, Poland, Caribbean, or Spain? And press play when you're ready to continue.

If you said the Caribbean, you are absolutely right.

Paul Stephenson joined with four people from the Caribbean to plan a protest.

This brings us to our first learning task.

I'd like you to select the correct word to complete each sentence.

Black families in Bristol could only find low/high paid jobs in the 1960s.

Bristol bus companies needed more passengers/drivers.

Bus companies in Bristol in the 1960s did not let black/white people work for them.

Paul Stephenson and four men from the Caribbean planned a party/protest.

So from the purple words, we want to choose one to complete the sentence.

So you choose between low/high, passengers/drivers, black/white, party/protest.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to select the correct word to complete the sentence.

And then press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at some answers? So firstly, black families in Bristol could only find low paid jobs in the 1960s.

Bristol bus companies needed more drivers.

Bus companies in Bristol in the 1960s did not let black people work for them.

Paul Stephenson and four men from the Caribbean planned a protest.

Well done if you were able to select the correct word to complete those sentences, and well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of our lesson.

We are going to explore the Bristol Bus Boycott.

Paul Stephenson and the others decided they would start a bus boycott.

A boycott is when people refuse to buy or use something as a protest.

So in this way, the company starts to lose money as less people would buy from them.

And eventually, people hoped that the company will agree to change so that they don't lose any more money.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Can you complete Lucas' sentence with a keyword? People in Bristol started a to try to make the bus companies change who they would let work for them.

So what keyword is missing there? Pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner, and press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? Well, people in Bristol started a boycott to try to make the bus companies change who they would let work for them.

Well done if you were able to spot that keyword.

Now, the Bristol Bus Boycott meant that people would not use any of the buses in Bristol, and they hoped this would make the bus companies change their minds about who they would let work for them.

The boycott was popular.

Many people joined in with the bus boycott because they wanted things to change too.

Students from Bristol University marched in the protest.

So lots of people wanted to be involved in the boycott, they believed that it was unfair, and they wanted the bus companies to change their minds about who they would let work for them.

Many politicians and even celebrities like famous cricket players joined the boycott.

And a politician, remember, is someone who works for the government.

And when these people joined in, they brought lots of attention to the boycott and put the Bristol bus companies under even more pressure to change.

And after four months, the bus companies finally agreed to change and to let people of colour work for them.

The Bristol Bus Boycott had worked.

It had been a success.

Have a look there at that sign of those involved in the Bristol Bus Boycott.

It shows those people that challenged the Bristol bus companies and their unfairness, and remembers them.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Select the people who joined in with the Bristol Bus Boycott: students, cricket players, politicians, bus drivers.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner, and press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said that students got involved, cricket players got involved, and politicians, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

This brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to retell the events of the Bristol Bus Boycott in 1963, and you could use these sentence starters to help you.

The Bristol bus companies in 1963.

Paul Stephenson and others wanted to.

Others joined the Bristol Bus Boycott.

After four months of the boycott.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to retell the events of the Bristol Bus Boycott in 1963, and press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So your answers could include, the Bristol bus companies in 1963 would not let black people work for them.

Paul Stephenson and others wanted to start a protest to do something about this.

Others joined the Bristol Bus Boycott, including students, politicians, and cricket players.

After four months of the boycott, the bus companies finally agreed to change.

Well done if you were able to retell those events, and well done for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about Paul Stephenson and the Bristol Bus Boycott.

A big problem for black people in Bristol in the 1960s was finding good jobs.

Bristol's bus companies needed drivers but would not let any people of colour work for them.

Paul Stephenson and four others from the Caribbean decided to take action and protest against the companies.

They organised a boycott of the city's buses, supported by many people, including students, cricket players, and politicians.

Four months later, the bus company agreed to allow people of colour to work on the buses, and the boycott was a success.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson.

I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.