Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about Significant individuals who changed Britain.

And we are going to explore the question, how did they fight for change? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how Paul Stephenson's actions had an impact, not just in Bristol, but across Britain.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are bus conductor, laws, government.

I'm going to say those again.

I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Bus conductor.

Laws.

Government.

Good job.

Now let's look in more detail what these keywords mean.

Let's take a look at each of their definitions.

A person who works on a bus collecting tickets is called a bus conductor.

Laws are rules that everyone in a country has to follow.

The government are people in charge of running a country and they decide the laws that everyone has to follow.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords.

And when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson.

What's happened after the bus boycott? How did Paul Stephenson help to change the law? In the first learning cycle, we'll explore what happened after the bus boycott? Paul Stephenson and four others began the Bristol Bus Boycott in 1963.

This meant lots of people stopped using the buses in Bristol, hoping that the bus companies would change their unfair rules about who could work for them.

The bus boycott was successful.

When it ended in 1963, the bus companies finally allowed people of colour to work for them.

Buses in the 1960s had a driver and a bus conductor who worked on the bus.

Can you remember what the bus conductor would do? That's right.

The bus conductor is a person who collects tickets on the bus.

So you can see a photo of a bus there from the 1960s and you can see the bus conductor stood outside.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Can you match the job title to the correct description? So we have bus driver and bus conductor.

Collects the tickets on the bus, drives the bus.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner and then press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? Shall we have a look? So the bus driver drives the bus, and the bus conductor collects the tickets on the bus.

Well done if you were able to match those.

The first bus conductor who was a person of colour was Raghbir Singh.

He was an Indian born Sikh.

Paul Stephenson and everyone who supported the Bristol Bus Boycott had helped change to happen.

The bus companies continued to give jobs to people of colour.

You can see Raghbir Singh here on the remembrance sign.

A few weeks later, after Raghbir Singh started work, two people from Jamaica and two people from Pakistan began working as bus conductors on the Bristol buses too.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Who became the first bus conductor who was a person of colour on the Bristol buses? Paul Stephenson, Emily Davison, Raghbir Singh.

Pause the video here and take a moment to think, and press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said that the first bus conductor who is a person of colour on the Bristol buses was Raghbir Singh, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

This brings us to our first learning task.

I'd like you to solve the clues to complete the puzzle.

So firstly, we have Raghbir Singh was the, bus conductor in Bristol who was a person of colour.

Bus conductors would collect.

And Paul Stephenson started the Bristol Boycott.

So what is missing from those gaps? And you can see that there are numbers on the puzzle.

So we have one, two, and three.

So number one is a missing word that goes down.

Number two is a missing word that goes across.

And number three is a missing word that goes down.

So pause the video here and make sure that you give yourself enough time to have a go at solving the clues to complete the puzzle.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at the answers? So the first word is first.

Raghbir Singh was the first bus conductor in Bristol who was a person of colour.

The second is tickets.

Bus conductors would collect tickets.

And the third one, Paul Stephenson started the Bristol Bus Boycott.

So the third word is Bus.

Well done if you were able to solve the clues to complete the puzzle.

And well done for completing that learning task.

This brings us to the second part of our lesson.

We're going to explore the question.

How did Paul Stephenson help to change the law? In 1963, Paul Stephenson had helped to make a difference to the lives of people of colour by helping them get jobs in the bus companies in Bristol.

However, he knew that even though the boycott had been successful, more had to change in Britain to make it a fairer place to live for everyone.

In 1964, there were no laws in Britain that said people shouldn't be treated differently because of their skin colour.

People were stopped from going to places like shops, cafes, and pubs because of their skin colour.

They were also stopped from getting jobs and houses for the same reason.

Laws are rules that everyone in a country has to follow.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

In 1964, people were still treated differently just because of their skin colour.

Is that true or false? If you said that's true, you're correct.

Well done.

Now, looking at these two statements here, which would help to justify your answer? There were no laws that said they were not allowed to be treated differently.

People ignored the laws that said they were not allowed to be treated differently.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner about these two statements.

Which one would help to justify your answer? And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look? So there were no laws that said they were not allowed to be treated differently.

This is why Paul Stephenson walked into the Bay Horse pub in 1964.

Even though the bus boycott in 1963 had been a success, he wanted to show that Black people were still being treated unfairly in Britain.

He walked into a pub that did not allow Black people to go in there.

Eight police officers arrested him and took him to the police station because of this.

And it was proved that Paul did nothing wrong and he did not get a punishment.

Many people in Britain heard about this story and knew that it was wrong.

Paul and many others wanted there to be a law that said nobody should be allowed to be treated differently just because of the colour of their skin.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Who is correct about why Paul Stephenson walked into the Bay Horse pub in 1964? Lucas says, "Paul wanted to show that Black people were treated fairly everywhere after the Bristol Bus Boycott." Sofia says, "Paul wanted to show that people were still being treated unfairly in Britain because of the colour of their skin." Pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner.

Who is correct about why Paul Stephenson walked into the Bay Horse pub in 1964? Is it Sofia or Lucas? And press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said Sofia, you would be correct.

Paul wanted to show that people were still being treated unfairly in Britain because of the colour of their skin.

Now, lots of people had joined in with the Bristol Bus Boycott, including politicians who worked for the government.

And the government are people in charge of running a country and they decide the laws that everyone has to follow.

After everything that Paul Stephenson and other people in Britain had been doing to show how unfair it was, the British government finally made a new law in 1965.

So they made this new law and the law said that nobody was allowed to be treated differently because of their skin colour.

So it was a very important moment.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Can you choose from the options below to fill the gap? So 1965, the British what, made a new law to stop anyone being treated differently because of their skin colour.

Is it the British bus companies, the British Queen, the British government.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner and press play when you are ready to continue.

If you said that the British government made a new law to stop anyone being treated differently because of their skin colour, then you are absolutely right, well done.

This brings us to our second learning task.

I'd like you to write one or two sentences to explain how Paul Stephenson helped to change things in Bristol.

I'd then like you to have a go at writing one or two sentences to explain how Paul Stephenson helped to change things in the whole of Britain.

Now, you could use these words below to help you.

Bus conductors, people of colour, the Bay Horse pub, law, government.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to firstly, write one or two sentences to explain how Paul helped to change things in Bristol.

And then secondly, write one or two sentences to explain how Paul helped to change things in the whole of Britain.

Make sure you give yourself enough time and press play, when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So firstly, your answers could include, "Paul Stephenson helped to change things in Bristol because he started a bus boycott.

After this, people of colour were allowed to work as bus conductors." And secondly, "Paul Stephenson helped to change things in the whole of Britain because when he walked into the Bay Horse pub, he showed that Black people were still being treated unfairly.

After this, the government made a new law that said nobody was allowed to be treated differently because of their skin colour.

Well done, if you were to able to explain how Paul Stephenson changed things in Bristol and also how he changed things in the whole of Britain.

Well done for completing that learning task.

Before we this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about Paul Stephenson's legacy in Bristol and Britain.

After the Bristol Bus Boycott in 1963, Raghbir Singh became Bristol's first bus conductor, who was a person of colour.

Paul Stephenson knew that more needed to change in Britain.

In 1964, Paul walked into the Bay Horse pub to make people realise that Black people were still being treated unfairly.

The boycott and Paul Stephenson's other work finally influenced the government to make a change to the law.

In 1965 and 1968, new laws were made that said nobody was allowed to be treated differently because of their skin colour.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today.

I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.