Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant rulers from the past.

And we're going to explore the question, what can those rulers, what can their stories tell us? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe how Constantine recaptured the bones of St Columba.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The key words we'll be using today are relics and monastery.

I'm gonna say those again and I would like you to repeat them after me.

Relics.

Monastery.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Let's take a look at their definitions.

Relics are items of religious importance from the past and are often the remains of saints.

A monastery is a place where monks live and worship.

Pause the video here to make a note of these key words, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that'll be working through together in today's lesson: King Constantine II.

Why was Dunkeld important? In the first learning cycle, we will explore King Constantine II.

In 878 CE, Constantine's father aid was killed and a man named Giric became the new king of Alba and forced Constantine into exile.

After years in exile in Ireland, Constantine travelled back to Alba to confront Giric and seek revenge for his father's death.

In 900 CE, Constantine defeated Giric and became king of Alba.

He was then known as Constantine II.

And Constantine was around 20 years old when he became king.

So there's been quite a story already, from Constantine's father's death, from Giric becoming king and taking over Alba, and then Constantine seeking his revenge, defeating Giric, and taking back his kingdom to become king.

Now, although he had just been in a violent battle, he had no time to take a break after he had defeated Giric.

Now, the reason he couldn't take a break was because his kingdom Alba was under attack by Vikings.

So he'd only just defeated Giric, and now his kingdom is under attack by Vikings, so no time for a rest for King Constantine.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Constantine had a rest after he defeated Giric.

Is this true or false? What do you think? If you said that's false, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

Now looking at these two statements, which of these would help to justify your answer? Alba was under attack from the Vikings.

Alba was under attack from the Anglo-Saxons.

So pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

Which of these two statements would help to justify your answer? And press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Why couldn't Constantine take a rest after he defeated Giric? Well, if you said that Alba was under attack from the Vikings, then you're correct.

Well done.

Whilst he had been in exile in Ireland, Constantine's kingdom of Alba had almost been completely destroyed by the Vikings.

After Constantine became king, a Viking called Ivar the Younger took control of an important place called Dunkeld.

You can see Dunkeld on the map there.

Now Ivar, he captured Dunkeld, and he also captured the monastery at Dunkeld, and he seized the rich farmlands around the River Tay in Dunkeld.

And the rich farmlands provided vital food that Constantine's people could use to eat and to sell.

So the people suffered when the Vikings took control of Dunkeld.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Why was it a problem that the Viking Ivar took control of Dunkeld? Constantine's people lost their food to eat and sell.

Ivar put Constantine's people in prison.

Ivar took their monastery, which is where people worshipped.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

Why was it a problem that the Viking Ivar took control at dunkeld? And press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? Well, Constantine's people lost their food to eat and sell, and Ivar also took their monastery, which is where his people worshipped.

Well done if you selected those answers.

This brings us to our first learning task.

Can you describe how King Constantine II came under attack from the Vikings? Here are some words to help you.

Vikings.

Dunkeld.

Monastery.

Farmlands.

Pause the video here and give yourself enough time to describe how King Constantine II came under attack from the Vikings, and press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example answer? Your answer may include Constantine II could not rest after he became king.

His kingdom of Alba was under attack from Vikings.

The Viking Ivar the Younger took control of Dunkeld, including the monastery and farmlands.

This meant Constantine's people had no food from the farm to eat or sell.

Well done if you were able to describe how King Constantine II came under attack from the Vikings, and well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of our lesson.

We're going to explore why Dunkeld was so important.

So we are now going to go back in time before Constantine became king.

In 849 CE, the relics, which were the bones of an important Scottish saint called St Columba were removed from a monastery in Iona to protect them from Viking attacks.

Now, Iona is a small island off the coast of Scotland.

So, what is a relic exactly? Well, relics are items of religious importance from the past and are often the remains of saints.

So in this case, they're the remains of St Columba.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Can you match the keyword relics to the correct definition? Items of religious importance from the past, which are often the remains of saints.

A place where monks live and worship.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

Which of these two definitions is the correct one for the key word relics? And press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said that relics are items of religious importance from the past, which are often the remains of saints, then you are absolutely right.

Well done.

The relics were brought to Dunkeld to keep them safe in the monastery.

The relics of St Columba were very important to the Scottish people.

You can see a photo here of a stained glass window of St Columba.

He was very important to the Scottish people.

Now, the bones of St Columba, they were at Dunkeld Monastery when the Vikings took control.

The Vikings stole these important relics because the relics were an important symbol to the Scottish people.

Lots of them came together to support Constantine and defend Alba against the Vikings.

They wanted to get Dunkeld back and the relics as well.

Where did the Vikings steal St Columba's relics from? Iona Monastery, Dunkeld Monastery, Constantine's home? Pause the video here and give yourself a moment to think, and press play when you're ready to continue.

If you said that the Vikings stole them from Dunkeld Monastery, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

Now let's take a look at our timeline.

So the relics of St Columba were taken to Dunkeld Monastery in 849 CE.

In 878 CE, Constantine's father Aed was killed.

Then in 900 CE, Constantine defeated Giric and became king.

And in 902 CE, Ivar the Viking took control of Dunkeld.

In 904 CE, Constantine led his army against the Vikings and he came face to face with Ivar and a battle took place.

Now the battle was a struggle, but Constantine's army fought the Vikings with strength.

After they had killed many, they defeated the Vikings and celebrated the massive victory.

Constantine had chased the Vikings out of Alba and recaptured Dunkeld and the relics.

The bones of St Columba were safe again.

Let's take a moment here and pause and check our understanding.

This statement, Constantine defeated the Vikings, is it true or false? What do you think? It is indeed true.

Now, if we were to justify your answer, which of these two statements would help you do that? The Vikings ran away from Alba and took the relics with them.

Constantine chased the Vikings out of Alba and recaptured Dunkeld and the relics.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner.

Which of these two statements would help to justify your answer? Press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? Well, Constantine chased the Vikings out of Alba and recaptured Dunkeld and the relics.

Well done if you justified your answer with that statement.

This brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to retell how Constantine II recaptured St Columba's relics.

You could use these sentence starters to help you.

St Columba's relics were kept at.

The Vikings took control of.

Constantine fought.

After a long battle.

So pause the video here.

Make sure you give yourself enough time.

Make sure you have a pen and some paper to retell how Constantine II recaptured St Columba's relics.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example answer? So your answer may have included St Columba's relics were kept at the monastery in Dunkeld.

The Vikings took control of Dunkeld and stole the relics.

Constantine fought the Vikings and the battle was a struggle.

After a long battle, Constantine won and he recaptured Dunkeld and the relics.

Well done if you were able to retell those events of how Constantine II recaptured St Columba's relics.

And well done for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about Constantine II, the Vikings and St Columba's relics.

When he defeated Giric, Constantine became king of Alba.

His kingdom came under attack by Vikings.

The Vikings took control of Dunkeld and they stole the relics of St Columba's that were held there.

Constantine led his army against the Vikings.

The battle was a struggle, but Constantine was victorious.

He drove the Vikings out of Alba, recapturing Dunkeld and the relics.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today.

I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.