Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today, all about significant rulers from the past.

And we're going to explore the question, what can those rulers, what can their stories tell us? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to retell some of the story of Constantine's early life.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The key words we'll be using today are Alba, exile, revenge, hillfort.

I'm going to say those again and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Alba, exile, revenge, hillfort.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Let's take a look at their definitions.

Alba is the Gaelic name for Scotland and is where southern and central Scotland is today.

Exile means being banned from your own country.

Revenge is the act of getting back at someone for something they did to you.

A hillfort is a defensive feature where a fort is built on top of a hill.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

(keyboard faintly clicks) These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson.

Who was Constantine? And Constantine's revenge.

In the first learning cycle, we will explore who Constantine was.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Constantine II's father was a man named Aed.

You can see an illustration of Aed on the screen.

Aed was king of the Scots and the Picts.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Now the kingdom of the Picts and Scots was called Alba, and this is where southern and central Scotland is today.

But take a look at where Alba is on the map of Britain.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Now, Alba is the Gaelic name for Scotland and Gaelic is an ancient Celtic language spoken by people in parts of Scotland and Ireland.

There is little known about Aed's time as king as he only ruled for a year between 877 to 878 CE.

When Constantine was a young child, his father was killed and his death is still a bit of a mystery, as some sources say he was killed by one of his associates.

That means someone he might have known, but we're not sure who.

After Aed was killed, a man named Giric became the king of Alba.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

What happened to Constantine's father? He was chased.

He was killed.

He was forced to leave Alba.

Pause the video here and give yourself a moment to think.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

If you said that Constantine's father was killed, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Now after his father was killed, Constantine and his cousin Donald were forced to leave Alba and they travelled to Ireland.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Now, they lived in exile in Ireland.

What does exile even mean? Well, exile means being banned from your own country.

So Constantine and his cousin were forced to leave and to live in exile in Ireland.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Constantine and Donald lived in exile in Wales.

Is that true or false? Hmm.

What do you think? It is indeed false.

So let's take a look at these two statements here.

Which of these two statements would help to justify your answer? They were able to stay in Alba.

They were banned from and sent to Ireland.

Pause the video here and have a quick discussion with your partner.

Which of these two statements would help to justify your answer? And press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said they were banned from Alba and sent to Ireland, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Now, Constantine and Donald, although they were exiled, they were welcomed by their aunt who was married to a powerful Irish king, and they grew up in a royal fort and they came to love Ireland.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Constantine and Donald enjoyed being surrounded by Gaelic language and culture.

They were educated in a nearby monastery and they also attended the Gaelic church.

Constantine's time in Ireland shaped him and this would influence his later life.

Have a look at that photo of a monastery there in Ireland where Constantine and Donald learn all about the Gaelic language and culture.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Can you fill in the missing gaps to complete this sentence? Constantine and Donald were welcomed to, by their? So which words need to go into these missing gaps? Pause the video here and give yourself a moment to think, and press play when you are ready to continue.

How did you get on? Shall we take a look? So Constantine and Donald were welcomed to Ireland by their aunt.

Well done if you've got those words correct.

(keyboard faintly clicks) This brings us to our first learning task.

I'd like you to place these events in order, starting with the earliest as number one.

So we have Constantine's father was killed.

Constantine and Donald were taught in a monastery.

They were welcomed by their aunt.

Constantine and Donald were sent to live in exile in Ireland.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to place these events in order starting with the earliest as number one, and press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at the order? So firstly, Constantine's father was killed.

Then Constantine and Donald was sent to live in exile in Ireland.

Then they were welcomed by their aunt, and Constantine and Donald were taught in a monastery.

Well done if you got that order correct and well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of our lesson.

We're going to explore Constantine's revenge.

(keyboard faintly clicks) As young children, Constantine and Donald were unable to fight Giric to take back Alba.

(keyboard faintly clicks) However, this did not stop them plotting revenge for Constantine's father's death.

Revenge is the act of getting back at someone for something they did to you.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Match the keyword revenge to the correct definition.

So revenge means being banned from your own country? Or revenge is the act of getting back at someone for something they did to you.

Pause the video here and give yourself a moment to think and press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you matched revenge with the act of getting back at someone for something they did to you, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

(keyboard faintly clicks) After 10 years in exile, the two cousins were old enough to confront Giric and seek their revenge.

Could see an illustration there of Constantine II.

He looks ready to travel back to Alba and seek his revenge for his father.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Now, the cousins, they sailed from Ireland to their homeland of Alba, and Giric knew that Constantine and Donald were planning an attack, so he made sure he had supporters.

Giric ran away and hid at a huge hillfort at Dundurn in Perthshire.

He thought he would be safe there and that Constantine would not be able to reach him.

You can see a photo of Dundurn hillfort today there on the screen.

Now, historians are not exactly sure what happened at Dundurn, but there is archaeological evidence to suggest that there was a violent battle at the hillfort.

Constantine and Donald attacked with force and were able to defeat Giric.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Giric defeated Constantine at Dundurn hillfort.

Is that true or false? Pause the video here and give yourself a moment to think, and press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said that's false, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Now, looking at these two statements here, which would help to justify your answer? Constantine and Donald defeated Giric at Dundurn hillfort? Constantine and Donald ran away from Dundurn hillfort.

Pause the video here and have a quick discussion with your partner, and press play when you are ready to continue.

How did you get on? Well, if you said that Constantine and Donald defeated Giric at Dundurn hillfort, you would be absolutely right.

Well done.

(keyboard faintly clicks) This brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to describe how Constantine got revenge for his father's death to your learning partner.

Here are some words to help you, exile, revenge, sailed, hillfort.

Pause the video here and give yourself enough time to describe how Constantine got his revenge for his father's death.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example answer? So your answer might have included while they were in exile, Constantine and Donald plotted their revenge.

When they were old enough, they sailed from Ireland to Alba to confront Giric.

Giric fled to his hillfort called Dundurn.

There was a battle at Dundurn and Constantine defeated Giric there.

He had got his revenge.

Well done if you were able to describe how Constantine got his revenge, and well done for completing that learning task.

(keyboard faintly clicks) Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we have learned about Constantine II's early life and exile in Ireland.

When Constantine was very young, his father was killed by someone who wanted to rule in his place.

Constantine and his cousin Donald were forced to leave Alba and live in exile in Ireland.

Constantine was educated at a nearby monastery, and as he grew older, he planned his revenge.

When Constantine was old enough, he sailed back to Alba to confront Giric.

Giric fled to a huge hillfort called Dundurn.

Here Constantine defeated Giric in a bloody battle.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today.

I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.

(keyboard faintly clicks).