Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping, and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant rulers from the past.

And we're going to explore the question, what can those rulers, what can their stories tell us? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to describe the relationship between John and Richard I.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some key words.

We'll be using these key words during the lesson so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The key words we'll be using today are: heir, crusade, and exiled.

I'm going to say those again and I would like you to repeat the words after me.

Heir.

Crusade.

Exiled.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Let's take a look at the definitions for each of our keywords.

The heir to the throne is the person who will become the next king or queen when the current one dies.

A crusade was a war fought between different religious groups.

If someone is exiled, they are forced to leave a place and cannot return.

Pause the video here to make a note of the keywords, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson.

Who were John's family? Richard the 'Lionheart.

' So in the first learning cycle, we'll explore who John's family were.

So in the first learning cycle, we'll explore who John's family were.

More than 850 years ago, Eleanor of Aquitaine and King Henry II were the king and queen of England.

You can see there an illustration of Eleanor and Henry there.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine were king and queen of England more than.

850 years ago, 1,000 years ago, 1,500 years ago? Pause the video here and give yourself a moment to think, and press play when you are ready to continue.

If you said 850 years ago, you are absolutely right.

Henry the II and Eleanor of Aquitaine were king and queen of England more than 850 years ago.

Together, they had eight children.

There were five boys and three girls.

You can see an illustration there of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine's family tree.

The oldest child was a boy called William, and the youngest was a boy called John.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

John was the youngest of how many children? Three, six, or eight? Pause the video here and have a quick discussion with your learning partner.

John was the youngest of how many children? And press play when you are ready to continue.

If you said he was the youngest of eight children, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

Now, at this time in history, the oldest boy in the family was the heir to the throne.

The heir to the throne is the person who will become the next king or queen when the current one dies.

And because he was the youngest, the next heir was not John.

Eleanor and Henry's oldest son would be the heir instead and he would become the next king of England.

Even though John had older sisters, girls were only next in line to the throne after all of their brothers had their turns, even if the brothers were all younger than them.

Today, we know that this is unfair, so things are different now in England.

Nowadays, all of the royal children are in line to the throne based on their age.

So John's older brothers would become king before him.

By the time King Henry II died, the heir to the throne was not the oldest boy, William, because sadly, he died when he was very young.

The only boys who was still surviving by this time were Richard and John.

And as Richard was older than John, Richard was the heir and he became the next king of England.

You can see where Richard and John are on the family tree.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Who has correctly explained who the heir to the English throne was after Henry II? Jacob says, "John was the heir to the throne because he was the youngest son alive by the time King Henry II died." Laura says, "Richard was the heir to the throne because he was the oldest son alive by the time King Henry II died." So pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner.

Who is correctly explaining who the heir to the English throne was after Henry II? Is it Jacob or Laura? And press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? Well, Laura has correctly explained who the heir to the English throne was after Henry II.

It was the oldest son that would be heir to the throne.

This brings us to our first learning task.

I'd like you to put these people into the correct place in their family tree.

So we have mother, father, older son, younger son.

And we've got the family names John, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard, King Henry II.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to put these people into the correct place in their family tree, and press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at the family tree? So we have Eleanor of Aquitaine, who is the mother, King Henry II, the father, the oldest son, Richard, and the youngest son, John.

Well done if you are able to put the people into the correct place in the family tree, and well done for completing that learning task.

This brings us to the second part of our lesson.

We're going to explore Richard the Lionheart.

When King Henry II died, Richard became known as Richard the Lionheart.

Why do you think he was given this nickname? You can see an illustration of King Richard I there.

So why was he called Richard the Lionheart? Well, usually, people think of lions as being very brave, and people also thought of Richard as being brave, just like a lion.

And this was because he spent lots of time fighting in battles for England.

He was not in the country very much.

Have a look there, that illustration of Richard the Lionheart in battle.

He looks very brave indeed.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Richard is known as the Lionheart because people thought he was scared.

Is that true or false? Hmm, what do you think? If you said that's false, you are absolutely right.

Now let's take a look at these two statements here.

Which of these could help to justify your answer? People thought that he was brave like a lion for fighting in lots of battles, people thought that he was brave like a lion for fighting lots of lions? Pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner and decide which of these two statements would help to justify your answer, and press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said people thought he was brave like a lion for fighting in lots of battles, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

Now, one of the battles that King Richard I went to fight in was called a crusade.

And a crusade was a war fought between different religious groups.

Richard's mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, had also gone on a different crusade with her first husband, the king of France.

Now John was angry that he was the youngest son and he wanted to be king himself, so he came up with a plan.

Richard had to travel very far away to fight in the crusade.

Take a look there, that illustration of Richard during a crusade.

So what is John going to do? Richard is far away at the crusade.

Well, while Richard was away, John tried to take over as the king of England! However, he failed to take over because people in England were loyal to King Richard.

And Richard found out about what his little brother John had tried to do, and he got very angry with John and exiled him from England.

And if someone is exiled, they are forced to leave a place and they cannot return.

And this was quite a nice punishment because usually people who tried to take over as king were killed.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

We've got some keywords here.

Can you match each keyword to the correct definition? So we have heir, crusade, exiled.

And the definitions are: when someone is forced to leave a place and cannot return, a war fought between different religious groups, the person who will become the next king or queen.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to match each keyword to the correct definition, and press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look? So an heir is the person who will become the next king or queen.

A crusade is a war fought between different religious groups.

An exiled is when someone is forced to leave a place and cannot return.

Well done if you matched those up correctly.

Now, after John had been exiled for two years, their mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, convinced King Richard to forgive his little brother John.

He was allowed to return to England if he promised he would not do it again.

Have a look at that illustration there of Eleanor asking King Richard to forgive John.

Now King Richard did not have any children, and so he did not have an heir.

He forgave his brother John and made him the heir to the English throne.

This meant that John would be the next king of England.

So after all that, when John thought he would never become the king of England, his brother had given him that chance.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Can you put these events into the correct order, starting with the earliest? The first and the last one have been done for you.

So we have John tried to take over as the king of England.

King Richard I went on a crusade.

King Henry II died.

John was exiled.

Richard became the new king of England.

John was forgiven and became the new heir in England.

Pause the video here and have a quick discussion with your learning partner and place these events into the correct order.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

So let's take a look, shall we? So firstly, King Henry II died.

Then, Richard became the new king of England.

Then, Richard went on a crusade.

Then, John tried to take over as the king of England.

And John was exiled.

And finally, John was forgiven and became the new heir in England.

Well done if you were able to put those in the correct order.

This brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to give one or two examples to show the following: Richard and John were not friends.

Richard and John were friends.

You may want to include these words: heir, Eleanor of Aquitaine, crusade, throne, exiled, angry.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to give one or two examples to show that Richard and John were not friends and that Richard and John were friends.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So firstly, your answer might look like this for Richard and John were not friends.

One example to show that Richard and John were not friends is that John tried to over as king when Richard was away on a crusade.

Another example is that Richard exiled his brother from England.

He only allowed him back in because his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine, convinced him to.

And secondly, one example to show that Richard and John were friends is that Richard allowed John to return to England after he had exiled him.

Richard could have been very angry with John, but instead, after two years, he let him return to England and made him the heir to the throne.

Well done if you are able to give those examples, and well done for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about John and the Lionheart.

John was the youngest son of the king and queen of England, Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine.

When King Henry died, John's older brother Richard was the heir and became the new king of England.

King Richard was known as the Lionheart for fighting in lots of battles.

When King Richard was away fighting in a crusade, John tried to take over England as the new king.

King Richard was so angry and he exiled John, but Eleanor convinced him to let John return and become Richard's heir after two years.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today.

I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.