Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today, all about significant rulers from the past.

And we're going to explore the question, what can those rulers, what can their stories tell us? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain why King John made his barons angry.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these key words throughout the lesson, so you might want to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are siege, barons, taxes, Church.

I'm gonna say those again and I'd like you to repeat those words after me siege, barons, taxes, Church.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Let's take a look at the definitions of each of our keywords.

A siege is when an army surrounds a castle or a city to force the people inside to surrender.

The barons were powerful and rich people who owned land and armies in England.

Everyone has to pay money called taxes to the people in charge of a country.

The Church is an organisation that includes all the people who lead the Christian religion.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles of your working through together in today's lesson.

How did John become King? John as the King of England.

In I learning cycle, we're going to explore how John became king.

Over 800 years ago, King Richard I made his younger brother, John, the heir to the English throne.

This meant that John would be the next King of England.

Have a look there.

You can see that illustration of King Richards there in the red and John with their mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Who would become the next King of England after King Richard? William, Henry, or John? Pause the video here and give yourself a moment to think and press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said that the next King of England after King Richard was John, you're absolutely right.

Now when King Richard was away fighting in France in 1199, he was part of a siege of a castle.

Have a look there, that illustration of a siege of a castle.

Do you know what a siege is? It's one of our keywords.

Well, as siege was common in wars back then, cities would have high walls for protection from invading armies.

And a siege was when an army surrounded a castle or a city and stayed there for a long time to force the people inside to surrender.

So can you see all of the army outside of this castle or city walls? Now, king Richard I died fighting in a siege of a castle in France.

So who would become the next King of England? Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Can you help Lucas to complete his sentence below about King Richard I? King Richard died while.

So pause the video here, have a discussion with your learning partner.

Can you help Lucas to complete his sentence about King Richard I, and press play when you're ready to continue.

How did you get on? Shall we take a look? So King Richard died while he was part of a siege of a castle in France.

Well done if you remember that.

So who was the new King of England? Well, as his youngest brother, John was heir to the English throne and John became the new King of England.

Remember, Richard and John were both the children of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, and John was the youngest of eight children, and he never thought he would get his turn to become King.

Can see an illustration there of King John.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Which event in John's life happened first? John became King of England.

King Richard died in a siege.

King Richard made John his heir.

Pause the video here and have a quick discussion with your learning partner and press play when you're ready to hear the answer.

What did you think? The first event was that King Richard made John his heir.

Well done if you got that correct.

So this brings us to our first learning task.

I'd like you to tell your learning partner how John became King of England.

You should mention both Richard and John.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to tell your learning partner how John became King of England.

And press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So you might have included John was King Richard's youngest brother.

Richard made him his heir.

When Richard died during a siege of a castle in France, John became the new King of England.

Well done if you are able to tell your learning partner about how John became King of England.

And well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to explore the second part of our lesson.

We're going to take a look at John as the King of England.

Now, one person could not rule a country all by themselves, they needed help.

Who might have helped to rule the country? Hmm, interesting question.

Watch the video here and have a quick discussion with your learning partner.

Who might have helped to rule the country and press play when you're ready to continue.

Well, some of the people that helped the king were known as barons.

Hmm, now the barons were powerful and rich people who owned land and armies in England.

You can see an illustration of the barons there surrounding a king.

Now, King John needed to keep the barons happy because he needed their help.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Choose the correct ending to the following sentence.

The barons were powerful and rich people who owned land and armies in Italy, who the king needed to keep happy.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner to choose the correct ending to this sentence and press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said the barons were powerful and rich people who the king needed to keep happy, you're absolutely right, well done.

Now, King John had to fight lots of battles that his brother Richard had started in France.

Wars were very expensive and King John had to keep asking his barons to give him their armies and lots of money to pay for the wars.

See this illustration of King John and his barons in battle? What do you think his barons were thinking at this time? They were giving all the armies and lots of money.

King Richard had done the same thing and the barons were happy to give the money, but John was different to his brother Richard.

Richard won lots of his battles, but John did not.

In fact, instead of winning more land in France, John kept losing it.

The land that the English controlled in France was getting smaller and smaller.

Oh dear, I don't think his barons will be feeling very good, will they? Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Decide if each statement below is describing Richard or John.

So let's go through each statement.

They won battles in France.

They started the battles in France.

They kept losing battles.

They lost land in France.

So whose name goes next to each of these statements? Pause the video here and take a moment to think.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? Shall we take a look? So they won battles in France.

That was Richard.

They started the battles in France.

That was also Richard.

They kept losing battles.

That was John.

They lost land in France.

That was also John.

Well done if you are able to decide who each of those statements was talking about.

So the barons grew angry that their money was being wasted in wars that England kept losing.

The soldiers in the armies did not want to keep going into wars that they were going to lose.

And it was not only the barons who King John asked for money.

He also kept making the English people pay higher taxes.

Everyone has to pay money called taxes to the people in charge of a country.

And the people became angry and desperate because lots of them couldn't afford the high taxes.

Have a look at that photo of a silver King John penny.

That's the type of money that was used at that time.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Let's look at this statement.

King John only asked for money from the barons.

Is that true or false? Hmm, what do you think? That's false.

Now let's take a look at these two statements here.

Which one of these would help to justify your answer? John kept asking for more taxes from everyone.

John did not ask for money from the barons.

So pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner.

Which of these two statements would help to justify your answer and press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said that John kept asking for more taxes from everyone, that's absolutely right, well done.

And when John was King of England, everyone went to Church.

It was very important to everyone including the kings and queens.

Even the king was not as powerful as the Church and he had to listen to the leader of the Church.

While the Church is an organisation that includes all the people who lead the Christian religion.

The Church was as rich and powerful as kings and sometimes even more so.

King John decided he did not want to listen to the leader of the Church.

And as a punishment, the leader of the Church banned everyone in England from going to Church and all the Churches were closed.

Everyone was very sad and very angry that they were no longer allowed to go to Church because of King John.

The Churches were closed for five years.

Oh goodness.

That's something that was really important to people.

They were surely going to be angry with them being closed for five years.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Which of these decided that people in England were not allowed to go to Church when John was king? Was it King John? Was it the Church? Was it King Richard? Pause the video here and take a moment to think and press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said that the Church decided people in England were not allowed to go to Church, you are absolutely right, well done.

Now, lots of people in England had become very angry with King John.

They did not want to be treated unfairly and they wanted things to change, including their king.

Let's take a moment here to pause.

Can you choose the groups of people that were angry with King John, the barons, the English people, the Church? Pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner and press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? Well, the barons were angry with King John.

So were the English people and so was the Church.

Nearly everybody was angry with King John.

This brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to add examples to the table below to explain why each of these groups were angry with King John, and you could use these words to help you.

Taxes, wars, leaders, closed, armies, France.

So we've got the barons, the English people, and the Church.

These were the groups that were angry with King John.

So why were they angry? Add examples into this table.

Pause the video here, make sure you give yourself enough time and press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So you could have included, the barons.

John kept asking the barons for money and armies to fight wars in France.

He kept losing the wars and wasting their money.

The English people.

John also asked the English people for more and more money in taxes.

Lots of them couldn't afford to pay.

He also made the Church angry so all the Churches were closed.

The Church, John was supposed to listen to the leaders of the Church.

He did not want to, and so the leader of the Church banned everyone in England from going to Church.

Well done if you are able to give examples why those people were so angry with King John.

And well done for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about King John and his barons.

In 1199, King Richard I died during a siege in France.

His brother, John, became the new King of England.

He needed the barons to help him run the country, but he made them angry by asking for more money and armies.

John kept losing battles and land in France, wasting money.

He also kept asking for more taxes from the people and made the leaders of the Church so angry that everyone in England was banned from going to church.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today.

I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.