Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant rulers from the past.

And we're going to explore the question, what can those rulers, what can their stories tell us? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe Eleanor and Louis' relationship and how they went on a crusade.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are: crusade, annulled.

I'm going to say those again and I would like you to repeat them after me.

Crusade.

Annulled.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Let's take a look at their definitions.

A crusade was a war fought between different religious groups.

When a marriage is annulled, it means that the two people are officially no longer married.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords.

And when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson: the marriage of Eleanor and Louis, what was the crusade? In the first learning cycle, we are going to explore the marriage of Eleanor and Louis.

Eleanor of Aquitaine became the duchess of Aquitaine when her father died.

She inherited control of all of the land of Aquitaine, which is today part of France.

This made her a very rich and important person in Europe.

And not long after she became duchess and when she was still very young, she married the son of the king of France.

His name was Prince Louis, and he would be the next king of France.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Eleanor of Aquitaine married Prince George of England, King Louis of France, Prince Louis of France.

Pause the video here and give yourself a moment to think and press play when you are ready to continue.

If you said that Eleanor of Aquitaine married Prince Louis of France, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

Now, when Eleanor and Louis married, they became even more powerful.

Eleanor was still the duchess of Aquitaine and controlled all of the land there.

Have a look there at that illustration of a royal wedding.

So it might have been what Eleanor and Louis looked like when they got married.

She also became a princess and would be the queen of France one day.

Have a look there at that illustration of the wedding of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Louis.

How interesting to see the colours.

Now, Louis was still the French prince, but he was now able to rule over Aquitaine with Eleanor as the duchess and him as the new duke of Aquitaine.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Can you choose the correct ending to the sentence below? Eleanor became more powerful when she married Prince Louis because she became the duchess of Aquitaine, she became the princess of France.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner, which of these is the correct ending to the sentence? And press play when you are ready to continue.

Well, Eleanor became more powerful when she married Prince Louis because she became the princess of France.

Well done if you chose that ending.

And lots of things were happening in Eleanor's life very quickly at this time, and very soon after they married, the king of France died.

This meant that Prince Louis and Eleanor became the new king and queen of France.

Goodness.

At such young ages and so quickly, lots had changed for Eleanor and Louis.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Which event came first? Eleanor became the duchess of Aquitaine.

Eleanor became the queen of France.

Eleanor became the princess of France.

Pause the video here and give yourself a moment to think, and press play when you're ready to continue.

If you said that Eleanor became the duchess of Aquitaine first, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

This brings us to our first learning task.

I'd like you to put these events into the correct order, starting with the earliest.

Number one has been done for you.

So the first one, Eleanor became the duchess of Aquitaine.

So the other events we've got: Eleanor married Prince Louis of France, Eleanor became the princess of France, the king of France died, Louis and Eleanor became the king and queen of France.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to put these events into the correct order, starting with the earliest.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at the order? So firstly, Eleanor became the duchess of Aquitaine.

Then Eleanor married Prince Louis of France.

Then Eleanor became the princess of France.

Then the king of France died.

And finally, Louis and Eleanor became the king and queen of France.

Well done if you got those events into the correct order, and well done for completing that learning task.

This brings us to the second part of our lesson.

So we've already explored the marriage of Eleanor and Louis.

Now we're going to explore what the crusade was.

As queen, Eleanor helped Louis to rule over France.

She was very intelligent because her father had made sure that she had a good education.

At this time, kings had to lead their soldiers if there was a war.

Not long after they were married, a war called a crusade began and French soldiers had to go to battle.

Have a look there, that illustration of the beginning of the crusade.

What can you see? What people are there? So a crusade was a war fought between different religious groups.

Ah, can you see there, that there is somebody holding the sign of the cross.

And as the king of France, Louis had to go on the crusade.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Who has given the correct definition for the word crusade? Sam says, "A crusade was a game played by French children." Andeep says, "A crusade was a war fought between different religious groups." Pause the video here.

Give yourself a moment to have a quick discussion with your learning partner, and press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said Andeep was correct, you are right.

He's given the correct definition.

A crusade was a war fought between different religious groups.

Now, Eleanor wanted to help in the crusade and did not want to be left behind in France.

She did not know how long Louis would be away for.

So King Louis and Queen Eleanor left France to go on the crusade together.

Have a look at that illustration there of Eleanor and Louis' marriage and then them leaving for the crusade.

So lots of things are happening for them very quickly.

So they travelled from France through far away places like Constantinople, which is the biggest city in Turkey.

It's today called Istanbul.

And they went all the way to Jerusalem.

And this took them a very long time because the only way to travel was with horses.

So have a look at that map there.

You've got France, then Constantinople and Jerusalem.

So a really long journey.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Can you select two places that Eleanor and Louis travelled to as part of the crusade? London.

Jerusalem.

Constantinople.

Cardiff.

Pause the video here and have a quick discussion with your learning partner to select two places that Eleanor and Louis travelled as part of the crusade.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said Jerusalem and Constantinople, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

Now, the war lasted for many years, and during this time, Eleanor and Louis did not see each other very much.

And Eleanor came home without Louis before the crusade ended.

By the time Louis returned home to France once the crusade was over, both of them were very unhappy with their marriage.

Eleanor and Louis decided that they should have their marriage annulled.

And this means that two people are officially no longer married, and it has to be agreed by the person in charge of the church.

So you can see a painting there of Louis and Eleanor in church decided to end their marriage.

After being married for 15 years, they were allowed to have their marriage annulled, and then both Eleanor and Louis could marry someone new if they wanted to.

What Eleanor went on to do next made her even more important and powerful.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Is this statement true or false? Eleanor and Louis decided to have their marriage annulled.

What do you think? If you said that's true, you are absolutely right.

Now looking at these two statements, which of these would help to justify your answer? This happened before the crusade.

This happened after the crusade.

Pause the video here and have a quick discussion with your learning partner, which of these two statements would help to justify your answer, and press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said this happened after the crusade, you are absolutely right, well done.

This brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to retell the story of Eleanor and Louis' marriage.

You could use these sentence starters to help you.

After Eleanor and Louis married, the king of France.

Together, Eleanor and Louis.

During the crusade.

When they arrived home, they decided.

So pause the video here.

Make sure that you have a pen and some paper and you give yourself enough time to retell the story of Eleanor and Louis' marriage.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So your answers may look like this.

After Eleanor and Louis married, the king of France died, and so Eleanor and Louis became the new king and queen of France.

Together, Eleanor and Louis ruled France and went on a crusade.

During the crusade, they travelled through Constantinople and Jerusalem, but did not see each other very much.

When they arrived home, they decided to have their marriage annulled.

Well done if you were able to retell the story of Eleanor and Louis' marriage, and well done for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about Eleanor and the Second Crusade.

Shortly after her father's death, Eleanor married Prince Louis.

When they married, Louis became the duke of Aquitaine, but Eleanor also became a princess of France.

Very soon after, Louis' father died, and so he became the king of France, and Eleanor became the queen.

They went on a crusade together and travelled through many places.

Eleanor and Louis' marriage broke down, and it was annulled after they both returned from the crusade.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today.

I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.