Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping, and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today, all about significant rulers from the past.

And we're going to explore the question, what can those rulers, what can their stories tell us? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe Eleanor of Aquitaine's relationship with Henry II and her connections to England.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are rebel and prisoner.

I'm gonna say those again and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Rebel, prisoner.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Let's take a look at the definitions for each of these keywords.

To rebel means to go against a leader.

When someone is a prisoner, they are kept in one place and do not have the freedom to leave.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson, the marriage of Eleanor and Henry, Queen of England.

In the first learning cycle, we'll explore the marriage of Eleanor and Henry.

Eleanor of Aquitaine was married to Louis, the king of France for 15 years.

When they had their marriage annulled, they were both then free to marry someone else if they wanted to.

When a marriage is annulled, it means that the two people are officially no longer married.

So Eleanor moved to England where she married Prince Henry.

He was next in line to the English throne See illustration there of Eleanor and Henry together.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Eleanor of Aquitaine moved to, to marry Prince Henry.

Is it France, England, or Scotland that needs to fill that gap? Pause the video here and take a moment to think, and press play when you are ready to continue.

If you said Eleanor of Aquitaine's moved to England to marry Prince Henry, you are absolutely right, well done.

Two years after their wedding, Henry became King Henry II of England, and Eleanor became his queen.

This was the second country that Eleanor had been queen of.

Together, Eleanor and Henry were very powerful.

This is because King Henry controlled all of England and some of France, and Queen Eleanor still controlled all of Aquitaine.

So you can see on the map there the lands that they ruled over.

See where England is and where Aquitaine is.

Over the next 14 years of marriage, Eleanor and Henry had eight children together, and these included Richard and John who would both become kings of England when they grew up.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Eleanor and Henry were very powerful together.

Is this statement true or false? Hmm, what do you think? It is true.

Now, looking at these two statements, which of these would help to justify your answer? They ruled over lots of France and all of England.

They ruled over all of France and all of Spain.

So pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner.

Which of these two statements would help to justify your answer, and press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said they ruled over lots of France and all of England, you are absolutely right, well done.

This brings us to our first learning task.

Can you put these events into the correct order, starting with earliest, and number one has been done for you? So Eleanor married Prince Louis of France.

So let's take a look at the other events.

Eleanor married Prince Henry of England.

Eleanor and Henry had eight children.

Eleanor and Louis had their marriage annulled.

Henry and Eleanor became the King and Queen of England.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to put these events into the correct order, starting with the earliest, and press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at the order? Well, firstly, Eleanor married Prince Louis of France.

Secondly, Eleanor and Louis had their marriage annulled.

Then Eleanor married Prince Henry of England.

Then Henry and Eleanor became the King and Queen of England, and Eleanor and Henry had eight children.

Well done if you are able to put those events into the correct order and well done for completing that learning task.

This brings us to the second part of our lesson.

We're going to explore the Queen of England.

Now, after 16 years of living in England, Eleanor was unhappy with her marriage and moved back to Aquitaine with her two sons.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Eleanor lived in England for 16 years before moving back to Germany, Aquitaine, Scotland.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner and then press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said Eleanor lived in England for 16 years before moving back to Aquitaine, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

Now five years after Eleanor moved back to Aquitaine, three of her sons tried to rebel against their father, King Henry II.

You see that illustration there of Eleanor and her sons.

So sons wanted to rebel against their father.

The oldest son of King Henry and Eleanor, who's also called Henry, he wanted to overthrow his father so he could become king instead.

And two of his brothers wanted to help him rebel.

Eleanor supported the young Henry and her two other sons in their rebellion against their father.

You can see that illustration there of Prince Henry.

So that's Eleanor and King Henry's oldest son.

Unfortunately, Eleanor's sons failed to defeat King Henry and were captured.

King Henry decided that Eleanor would be a prisoner as a punishment for helping their sons to rebel against him.

So she was a prisoner for 15 years.

However, as a prisoner, she still lived in nice castles, for example, Old Sarum near Salisbury in England.

Historians know that she had lots of expensive dresses and money sent to her regularly.

However, she was not allowed to leave the places where she was kept prisoner.

And this was because King Henry was scared that she might help her sons to rebel again, and that this time they might be successful.

Have a look there at that photo of Old Sarum today, so you can still visit that site, and that is where Eleanor was kept prisoner.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Who has correctly explained why Eleanor was kept as a prisoner for 15 years? Jun says, "Eleanor helped her three sons to rebel against their father, King Henry II." Alex says, "Eleanor left England to move back to France with her two sons." So pause the video here and have a discussion with your learning partner.

Who has correctly explained why Eleanor was kept as a prisoner for 15 years, was it Jun or Alex, and press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? Well, Jun has correctly explained why Eleanor was kept as a prisoner for 15 years.

It was because she helped her three sons to rebel against their father, King Henry the II.

Now, Eleanor was set free when King Henry II died and their son, Richard, became the new King of England.

One of the first things that King Richard did was release his mother from her prison and asked her to help him rule England.

Richard spent lots of time as king, away from England fighting in wars called crusades, and this meant that he left Eleanor and his younger brother, John, in charge while he was away.

Then, after Richard I died, it was John who became the next King of England.

Eleanor also supported her son, John, to rule, like she had done for Richard.

Eleanor was a very important woman.

She had been a very rich and powerful duchess, even before becoming the queen of both France and England.

She became even more important when two of her sons became kings of England too, and she helped both of them rule.

She lived to be very old and is buried with three kings of England in Aquitaine.

They are her husband, Henry II, and her two sons, King Richard I and King John I.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Which kings did Eleanor help to rule their countries? King Louis of France, King Henry II, King Richard I, King John I.

Pause the video here and give yourself a moment to think and then press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said King Louis of France, King Henry II, King Richard I, and King John I, Eleanor helped all of these kings to rule their countries.

Well done.

This brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to describe to your learning partner, firstly, how Eleanor of Aquitaine became Queen of England, and secondly, how Eleanor was connected to the English kings, Richard and John, and you could use these words and phrases to help you.

Sons, Henry, king, prisoner, rebel, married.

Pause the video here and give yourself enough time to describe to your learning partner how Eleanor became Queen of England and how Eleanor was connected to the English kings, Richard and John, and press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So firstly, you could have included, Eleanor of Aquitaine married Prince Henry of England.

When he became the king of England two years later, she became the Queen.

And then secondly, how was Eleanor connected to the English kings, Richard and John? You could have included, Eleanor of Aquitaine and King Henry had eight children.

Two of their sons were Richard and John, who both became the kings of England.

Eleanor helped her sons to rebel against their father, but when they didn't succeed, Henry made her prisoner in England.

When their son, Richard, became king of England, he set Eleanor free.

Well done for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about Eleanor, Queen of England.

After being married to King Louis of France, Eleanor married Henry, who became the next King of England.

As King and Queen, they ruled over lots of France and England.

After 16 years, Eleanor moved back to Aquitaine without Henry.

When her sons rebelled against their father, King Henry II, Eleanor supported them, and when they failed, Henry imprisoned her.

When her son, Richard, became king, she helped him to rule England while he was away.

She also supported her next son, John, to be king.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today.

I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.