Hello, and welcome to this lesson.

My name is Mrs. Tipping and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about Bronze and Iron Age Britain and how life changed during that time.

So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe the similarities and differences between Bronze Age and Iron Age Britain.

Before we start, I'd like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are settlement, Beaker people, metalwork.

I'm going to say those again and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Settlement, Beaker people, metalwork.

Good job.

Let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Here are some definitions for our keywords.

A settlement is a place where people have settled to live and work.

Beaker people were a group of people from Europe known for their clay pottery, and they came to Britain during the Bronze Age.

Metalwork is the process of creating items from metal.

Pause the video here to make a note of the keywords and when you're ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson.

Settlements, tools and farming, art and metalwork.

In the first learning cycle, we'll explore settlements.

There were many similarities and differences between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.

One similarity is that both Bronze and Iron Age people lived in permanent settlements, and the houses that they built and lived in were also very similar.

Their houses were wattle and daub roundhouses made from wooden poles, wattle and daub walls, and straw roofs.

Wattle and daub was a common building material from the time.

Wattle was made from thin twigs weaved together and daub was a sticky mud or clay that was smothered over the wattle to hold it together.

A difference between Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements was that the Bronze Age people lived in small farm communities with just a few houses next to the fields they farmed.

Whereas during the Iron Age, people built and lived in large hillforts.

As the name suggests, hillforts were built on top of hills.

They had protective barriers, called ramparts, surrounding them, and archaeologists believe that this Celt built hillforts to protect themselves from other tribes and to look impressive.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Both Bronze Age and Iron Age people lived in roundhouses.

Is that true or false? What do you think? If you said, "True," that's correct.

Well done.

How do you justify your answer though? Let's take a look at these two statements.

Bronze Age people lived in roundhouses in small farm settlements, whereas the Celts lived in roundhouses in large hillforts.

Bronze Age people and the Celts lived in roundhouses in settlements that were the same size.

Hmm, have a discussion with your partner.

Which of these statements helps to justify your answer? Pause the video and restart when you are ready to continue.

How did your discussion go? What do you think? If you said that Bronze Age people lived in roundhouses in small farm settlements, whereas the Celts lived in roundhouses in large hillforts, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

Another difference between life in the Bronze Age and Iron Age was the types of people that settled and lived in Britain.

During the Bronze Age, the Beaker people settled in Britain.

Historians think that they travelled from Europe via a boat and that they settled peacefully amongst the farmers already living in Britain.

They were called the Beaker people because they made beautiful beakers, another name for a cup or a pot from clay.

They used the beakers to store food and water for cooking.

In the Iron Age, the people living in Britain were called the Celts and they lived in tribes.

Archaeologists believe that as the tribes grew bigger, they began to attack each other and argue, which is why they began to live in hillforts with ramparts for protection.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Can you match the people to the correct era? So we have Bronze Age and Iron Age, Celtic people, Beaker people.

Take a moment and when you're ready to find out the answer, press play again.

What do you think? If you got that the Bronze Age were Beaker people and the Iron Age were Celtic people, you're right.

Well done.

This brings us to our first learning task.

Can you sort each of the similarities and differences into the correct era? So you could grab yourself a pen and some paper and draw these two circles to create a Venn diagram.

So we have Bronze Age on one side, Iron Age on the other side.

And then in the middle, that shows that it is the same for both Bronze Age and Iron Age.

So we could put the Bronze Age differences on one side, the Iron Age differences on another, and then what's similar, what's the same, goes in the middle.

So Celtic people, Beaker people, small farm settlement, hillfort, roundhouse, lived peacefully, fought with other tribes.

So where do each of those similarities and differences go? We can write those in.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to complete this task.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Let's take a look, shall we? So your answers should look like this.

We've got Bronze Age, Beaker people, Iron Age, Celtic people, Bronze Age, small farm settlement, Iron Age, hillfort, Bronze Age, lived peacefully, Iron Age, fought with other tribes.

And then the similarity is that both the Bronze Age and Iron Age lived in roundhouses.

Well done for completing that learning task, if you got those similarities and differences into the correct era, We're now ready to move on to the second part of our lesson.

We're going to explore tools and farming.

Another similarity between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age was that most people were farmers who grew crops and kept domesticated animals.

And similarly, farmers in the Bronze Age and the Iron Age used metal tools to improve their farming techniques.

However there were differences, as during the Bronze Age, people used bronze to make tools whilst in the Iron Age they made their tools using iron.

And iron was much stronger, harder, and sharper than bronze.

So this meant that the Iron Age farmers could complete farming tasks more quickly and easily.

See the image there, a photo of a bronze axe and a photo of an iron sickle.

So the bronze and the iron tools there that were used.

During the Bronze Age, farms were smaller as they did not have as efficient tools as Celtic farmers, and so they could only grow enough food to feed themselves and their families without any leftover.

During the Iron Age, farmers could farm much bigger areas of land and had a surplus of crops that they could trade.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

During the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, farms were the same size.

Is that true or false? What do you think? Well, if you said that that is false, you're correct.

Well done.

Take a moment now to have a think and look at these two statements to justify your answer.

Iron Age farms were bigger than Bronze Age farms as their efficient iron tools meant they had a surplus.

Bronze Age farms were bigger than Iron Age farms as their efficient bronze tools meant they had a surplus.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner which of these two statements helps to justify your answer, and restart when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? If you said that Iron Age farms were bigger than Bronze Age farms as their efficient tools meant they had a surplus, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

The iron tools were much stronger and sharper than Bronze Age tools.

Weapons were also made for metal during the Bronze and Iron Ages, but each time period used different metals.

In the Bronze Age, weapons were made from bronze and in the Iron Age, they were made from iron.

And because iron is much stronger and much harder and sharper, the weapons were a lot better than the bronze weapons.

What do you think the weapons were used for during the Bronze Age and Iron Age? Well, weapons were used for fighting and defending themselves against wild animals or people, and may also been used for farming and hunting and skinning animals.

And archaeologists believe that conflict became much more common during the Iron Age, especially as iron is much stronger and makes harder and sharper weapons than bronze, and so the Celts would've been more successful fighters than the Bronze Age people.

Let's take a moment to pause.

How were Bronze Age and Iron Age weapons different? Iron Age weapons were much stronger and sharper than bronze weapons.

Iron Age weapons were much weaker and blunter than bronze weapons.

Iron Age weapons were not used to fight against other people.

Hmm, what do you think? If you said that Iron Age weapons were much stronger and sharper than bronze weapons, you're right.

Well done.

This brings us to our first learning task.

Explain to a partner the differences between farming in the Bronze Age and farming in the Iron Age.

Think about the size of the farms and the tools used and listen carefully to your partner.

Can you add anything to their explanation? Pause the video here and restart when you're ready to continue.

Did you manage to explain it? Let's have a look at an example.

Your answer might have included the following: One difference is that Iron Age farms were much bigger than Bronze Age farms. Another difference is that even though both time periods used metal farming tools, the Bronze Age farmers used bronze tools and the Iron Age farmers used iron tools.

Another difference is that iron is stronger and sharper than bronze, which made farming quicker and easier and meant iron Iron Age farmers could have a surplus of crops.

Well done for completing that learning task and if your explanations included some of the answers you can see here.

We're now going to move into the third part of the lesson.

We're going to explore art and metalwork.

Another similarity between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age was that art was created by the Celts and the Beaker people.

In both time periods, archaeologists have found examples of beautiful jewellery usually made from gold or silver, metalwork and pottery, many of which have detailed patterns and designs on them.

A difference between the art created during the Bronze and Iron Ages was that it was decorated using different patterns and styles.

For example, the Beaker people used straight lines to decorate their beakers by pressing twigs and bones into the soft clay.

During the Iron Age, the Celts had a very distinctive style, which means it's very unique and recognisable.

They used geometric patterns, curved lines and symbols to decorate the art that they made.

And the Beaker people made their beakers by hand, whereas the Celts created their pottery using a potter's wheel, which made the process easier and quicker.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Can you complete these sentences? In the Bronze Age and Iron Age, art was important.

The style and decoration of art during the Iron Age was blank to the art in the Bronze Age.

What goes in that blank space? The Beaker people used straight blank to decorate their pots.

The Celts used geometric and blank lines and symbols to decorate their art.

So what three words go in those spaces to complete these sentences? Pause the video here and take some time to have a go at filling those gaps and restart when you're ready to continue.

How did you get on? Shall we take a look at what goes into those gaps? Well, the style and decoration of art during the Iron Age was different to the art in the Bronze Age.

The Beaker people used straight lines to decorate their pots.

The Celts used geometric and curved lines and symbols to decorate their art.

Well done if you got those correct.

Both time periods created decorative metalwork, but the metalwork was created in different ways.

During the Bronze Age, bronze was used for metalwork.

Bronze is made by melding copper and tin, then the hot liquid metal is poured into casts to create shapes and patterns.

Iron is stronger than bronze, and when it is hot, it can be bent, twisted, and hammered to create patterns and shapes.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Match the metalwork description to the correct era.

Bronze Age, Iron Age.

Bronze is metal meld from copper and tin and poured into casts.

Iron is heated so it can be twisted, bent, and hammered into shape.

Take a moment, pause the video, match up the metalwork description to the correct era and restart when you're ready to continue.

Did you match those up okay? So the Bronze Age bronze is melded from copper and tin and poured into casts.

Iron Age iron is heated so it can be twisted, bent, and hammered into shape.

Well done if you got those correct.

That brings us to our final learning task of this lesson.

I'd like you to fill in the table of the similarities and differences between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.

So grab yourself a pen and some paper, and I'd like you to set up a table like this.

We want to know what the similarities and differences are in the settlements, the similarities and differences in tools and farming, and the similarities and differences of art and metalwork.

And there are some words here to help you.

Roundhouses, wattle and daub, hillfort, Beaker people, Celtic people, art, geometric, metalwork.

So have a go at filling in the table.

Take the time that you need and pause the video here, and when you're ready to have a look at an example answer, then press play.

How did you get on? Shall we take a look at an example? So your answer could have included something like this: In the settlements, the similarities are that both lived in roundhouses made from wattle and daub.

The differences are that Bronze Age people lived in small farms, Celtic people lived in hillforts for protection from other tribes as fighting was more common.

Beaker people settled in Bronze Age Britain and Celtic people lived in Iron Age Britain.

The similarities in tools and farming.

Both made and used metal tools for farming and weapons.

Both were farmers.

The differences are that bronze tools and weapons were used in the Bronze Age and iron tools and weapons were used in the Iron Age.

Farms were bigger in the Iron Age and the Celts traded surplus crops.

And the similarities in art and metalwork.

Both made art and jewellery.

Metalwork was important to both.

And the differences.

Beaker people used straight line patterns in their art and metalwork, whereas Celtic people used geometric and curved patterns.

Well done for completing that learning task and uncovering all of the similarities and differences between the Bronze Age and the Iron Age people.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned by comparing and contrasting Bronze Age and Iron Age Britain.

There's certainly a lot to learn.

Settlements were different sizes in the Bronze Age and Iron Ages.

The Bronze Age settlements were smaller, whilst the Celts lived in large hillforts as fighting between tribes was more common.

During both time periods, people lived in roundhouses made of wattle and daub.

Farming tools were used in both time periods, but the iron tools made in the Iron Age were more effective, allowing the Celts to trade surplus crops.

Art styles and metalwork were different in the Bronze Age to the Iron Age.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson and I hope you've enjoyed this unit of work.