Hello and welcome to this lesson.

My name is Mrs. Tipping, and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about Bronze and Iron Age Britain and how life changed during that time.

So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain when the Bronze Age was and how bronze is made.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are Bronze Age, ore, smelting, melding.

I'm going to say those again, and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Bronze Age, ore, smelting, melding.

Well done.

Good job.

Now, let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Here are the definitions of our keywords.

The Bronze Age was a period in history when humans used bronze.

Rock or soil from which metal can be obtained is called ore.

Smelting is the process of heating a metal ore to extract the raw metal.

Melding is mixing or combining two things together.

Pause the video here to make note of these keywords.

And when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together today in today's lesson.

We're going to first explore the beginning of the Bronze Age.

The Bronze Age began when people started to make and use a new material called bronze instead of stone.

What do you think these bronze items were used for? Take a moment to have a discussion with your partner.

Well, bronze was strong and lasted a long time, so was good for making tools, weapons, cooking pots, and jewellery.

So let's take a look at these items. We've got some bronze tools, a bronze pot, and bronze jewellery.

Well done if you managed to guess what those items were used for.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

The Bronze Age began when people started to use which material, stone, bronze, or iron? Take a moment to think and choose your answer.

If you said bronze, that's absolutely right.

Well done.

The Bronze Age began at different times around the world as different civilizations discovered bronze.

So you can see here on the map.

In China, they discovered it around 5,000 years ago, and they also discovered it in Greece 5,000 years ago.

You can see they're totally different places on the map of the world.

And in Britain, it was 4,000 years ago that we discovered bronze.

In Britain, the Bronze Age began approximately 4,000 years ago.

People in Europe are thought to have travelled to Britain, bringing metalworking skills and bronze with them.

So bronze is made from metals.

The Bronze Age began in Britain when the Stone Age ended around 3,900 years ago.

So the Stone Age, it came first and it was split into three parts, the Palaeolithic Era, the Mesolithic Era, and the Neolithic Era.

And then the Bronze Age came after the Stone Age.

Let's take a moment to pause.

How long ago did the Bronze Age begin in Britain? Is it approximately 2,000,000 years ago, approximately 4,000 years ago, or approximately 2,800 years ago? Hmm.

Take a moment to think.

If you said approximately 4,000 years ago, you are absolutely right.

That brings us to our first learning task.

I would like you to fill in the gaps in these sentences.

So you can see there's some words at the bottom there to help you do that.

We've got Britain, stone, world, different, and bronze.

So you might want to grab a pen and some paper and have a go at writing these sentences out with the words in the gaps.

Or you could talk to your partners about where the words would go.

The Bronze Age began when people started to make and use blank instead of blank.

Hmm.

What goes in those two gaps? The Bronze Age began at blank times around the blank.

Hmm.

In blank, the Bronze Age began approximately 4,000 years ago.

Okay, so pause the video here and give yourself enough time to have a go at completing this first learning task.

And when you are ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we have a look at what goes in the gaps? Here we go.

So the Bronze Age began when people started to make and use bronze instead of stone.

The Bronze Age began at different times around the world.

In Britain, the Bronze Age began approximately 4,000 years ago.

Well done if you managed to fill those gaps with the correct words.

Good job.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of this lesson.

We're going to look at what bronze is.

Bronze is made by melding two metals together.

Copper and tin are meld together to make bronze.

So here we have an image of copper, and that is melded with tin to make bronze.

Wow.

Let's pause and check our understanding.

Bronze is made from melding two metals.

Is that true or false? Take a moment to think.

Hmm.

If you said true, that's absolutely correct.

Well done.

If we were to justify our answer, which of these two sentences helps us to do that? Bronze is made by melding copper and tin.

Bronze is made by melding copper and iron.

Hmm.

Have a discussion with your partner.

What do you think? Which helps to justify your answer? If you said that bronze is made by a melding copper and tin, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

To make bronze, first the copper and tin must be mined.

Mining is when something is taken from under the ground, such as ore, coal, and chalk.

Ore is a rock or soil that has soil metal inside it.

Copper and tin ores are dug from the ground.

So you can see that that copper ore, the image there.

It's soil with a metal inside it.

Interesting.

Next, the ore is smelted.

Smelting is when ore is heated to extract the metals from it.

To make bronze, copper and tin ores are smelted.

Can you see the image of the smelting there? I think that has to get very, very hot.

Let's pause to check for our understanding.

Can we fill in the missing words? To make bronze, first the copper and tin ores have to be taken from underground.

This is called blank.

Which word goes there? Next, the ores are heated to extract the metal.

And this is called blank.

What goes in there? Have a discussion with your partner, and when you are ready, restart the video.

Let's take a look, shall we? So to make bronze, first the copper and tin ores have to be taken from underground, and this is called mining.

And next, the ores are heated to extract the metal.

This is called smelting.

Good job if you've got those words in the right places.

So then the liquid copper and tin are mixed together.

This is called melding.

So you can see, we've heated up the copper and tin so much that they've become a liquid, and then they're mixed together.

This is called melding.

After that, hot liquid metal is poured into a cast or mould.

This is called casting.

The hot liquid sets to form a solid bronze shape.

In the Bronze Age, the moulds were made from stone or clay.

Have a look at this illustration here of casting bronze arrowheads.

Can you see how they're pouring that really hot metal liquid into the cast or mould? That cast or mould is shaped like an arrowhead, so it creates that object.

So let's have a look at the stages of manufacturing bronze.

Now, manufacturing means to make something.

So first of all, ore is mined.

So we are mining ore.

Then it is smelted.

Then once those metals have been smelted, so heated up into a really hot liquid, then they are melded, so there's some melding.

That's when the two metals have been.

That's right, mixed together.

And then they pour that hot liquid into a cast.

And that's called casting.

Pause the video here to talk to your partner about those stages.

Can you describe to them each of those stages of the manufacturing of bronze? When you are ready, restart the video.

Did you explain it to them? Excellent, well done.

So let's take a look now and check for our understanding.

Can we match the word to the description? So we have mining, smelting, melding, casting.

Which of these is matched to which description? Digging for ores.

Pouring liquid metal into a cast to make a bronze shape.

Heating the ore to extract the metals.

Mixing two metals together.

Okay, so talk to your partner, which word goes with which description? So pause the video here and take some time to match the correct word to the description.

And when you are ready, press play.

How did that go? Did you remember what each of the words meant? Let's have a look.

So we have mining, which is digging for ores, smelting, heating the ore to extract the metals, melding, mixing two metals together, and casting, pouring liquid metal into a cast to make a bronze shape.

I wonder what kind of shapes they made.

So we had the arrowheads.

I wonder what else they made.

What do you think? Tin ore was not as easy to find as copper.

People began travelling to trade goods, including the tin needed to make bronze.

So trading means to buy, sell, or exchange items. It's bit like swapping items, exchanging.

People often travelled by boats to trade.

Have a look at that image there.

Can you see the photo of the Bronze Age boats that was used for trading? So we needed to find both tin and copper to make bronze, to meld those two together.

But tin wasn't as easy to find.

Hmm.

I bet that made them a little bit, that found that a bit tricky to make bronze without tin.

So that brings us to our next learning task.

Can you put the stages of manufacturing bronze in order in the table? I'd like you to write a brief description of each stage.

So we can see that we have 1, 2, 3, 4.

So we've got four stages.

We've got casting, mining, melding, and smelting.

They're all mixed up at the moment.

Which one of those happens first, then second, then third, then fourth? And what happens during each of those stages? What happens when we're mining? What happens when we're casting? What happens when we're melding? What happens when we're smelting? Okay, so pause the video here, grab yourself a pen and some paper, and I would like you to write out each of the stages, number one, what that stage is, and then describe what happens.

And if you want to, you could draw an image as well to show that stage.

When you are ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Did you manage to order those manufacturing stages of bronze? Let's take a look, shall we? So your answers could include something like this.

Number one is mining.

So that's when we're digging for ores.

Number two is smelting, heating the ore to extract the metals.

Number three is melding, mixing the two metals together.

Can you remember what those two metals were to make bronze? That's right, tin and copper.

And then finally we've got casting, pouring liquid metal into a cast to make a bronze shape.

We saw an example of the arrowheads.

I wonder what else they could have created.

Did you write something else down? Well done.

Well done if you ordered those stages of manufacturing bronze.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about the first use of bronze.

So the Bronze Age began at different times for different civilizations.

Many humans across the world began to make bronze, and this was the beginning of the Bronze Age.

Bronze is made by smelting copper and tin ore before melding these metals together.

Now, tin ore was not available everywhere, so the Bronze Age people traded to find the ores they needed to make bronze.

Well, thank you so much for joining me in this lesson, and I really look forward to seeing you in the next one.

See you next time.