Hello, my name's Mrs. Casey.

What's your name? I am so excited to join you for this history lesson today.

Today's lesson is called "The Women of Iron Age Britain." It's part of the Unit Iron Age Britain, what have historians learn about the Iron Age? In this lesson, we're going to find out all about the women of the Iron Age, including some famous women such as Boudicca and Cartimandua.

Shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of this lesson, you'll be able to describe what historians think they know about Iron Age women in Britain.

Here are our keywords for today's lesson.

Warrior.

A brave and strong person who fights is a warrior.

Tribe.

A group of families that live together with the same beliefs and culture is called a tribe.

Inherit.

To receive something from someone when they die is to inherit it.

Look out for these words in our lesson.

Warrior, tribe, inherit.

Today's lesson has three parts.

Who was buried with the Wetwang chariot? What does this tell us about Iron Age women? And powerful Iron Age women.

Let's begin with who was buried with the Wetwang chariot.

In 2001, in a small village called Wetwang in Yorkshire, England, archaeologists discovered an Iron Age grave.

In the grave was a human skeleton, along with several other treasured items such as a chariot.

A chariot is a vehicle used in warfare.

There was also a coral brooch and an iron mirror.

The chariot is known as the Wetwang chariot and was highly decorated with bronze fittings and inlaid with beautiful red coral.

Here is a photograph of archaeologists digging.

A fantastic start with great listening, everyone.

Well done.

Let's check what we've learned so far.

Which items were buried with the Wetwang chariot? A, a human skeleton? B, a coral brooch.

C, a Celtic shield.

D, an iron mirror.

Pause the video and tell the person next to you.

Well done.

The items that were buried with the Wetwang chariot were a human skeleton, a coral brooch, not a Celtic shield, and an iron mirror.

Did you get all those right? Well done.

The skeleton was carefully removed and examined by the archaeologists.

They discovered that the skeleton was female.

The female skeleton is believed to have been between 35 and 45 years old at the time she died.

At the time, that was considered very old for a person.

People usually died much younger than this.

Another unusual thing about the female that was buried with the Wetwang chariot was how tall she was.

She was very tall for an Iron Age woman.

The skeleton was measured at 1.

7 metres tall.

Well done.

Let's check what we've learned so far.

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence about the skeleton found with the Wetwang chariot.

Number one, the skeleton found with the Wetwang chariot was male or female? The skeleton was tall or short for an Iron Age human.

And number three, the skeleton was considered old or young at their time of death for a human during the Iron Age.

Pause the video and discuss it with the person next to you.

The Iron Age skeleton found with the Wetwang Chariot was female.

The skeleton was tall for an Iron Age human.

The skeleton was considered old at the time of their death for a human during the Iron Age.

Archaeologists found injuries to the jaw and shoulder of the skeleton.

They believe that she possibly would have fallen from the chariot at some point.

However, her injuries had started to heal before she died.

This led archaeologists to think that the woman had been a Celtic Warrior.

Warrior was one of our keywords.

Did you spot it? Here's an illustration of people riding a chariot.

They would have moved quite fast across the battlefield.

The female is thought to have been very important during the Iron Age.

Her burial suggests that she was possibly a tribal queen or a lead warrior due to the way her body had been carefully buried with those treasured and valuable items such as the mirror, the brooch and the chariot.

Let's check what we've learned so far.

Change one word to make the statement below correct.

Archaeologists believe the woman buried with the Wetwang chariot was an unimportant person in her community.

Can you find one word to make the statement correct? Pause the video and talk to the person next to you.

We need to change the word unimportant to important.

Archaeologists believe the woman buried with the Wetwang chariot was an important person in her community.

Fantastic work, everyone.

Now it's time for our first task.

Are you ready? Tell a partner why archaeologists believe that the woman who was buried with the Wetwang Chariot was an important person in her tribe.

Tribe is another one of our keywords.

Did you spot it? Here are some words to help you with the task.

Carefully, treasured, chariot mirror, brooch.

Pause the video and have a go at Task A.

Well done, everyone.

Your answer might have included, "Archaeologists believe that the woman who was buried the Wetwang chariot was an important person because she was carefully buried with the treasured and valuable items such as a chariot, a mirror, and a coral brooch." Next, we're gonna have a look at the second part of our lesson.

What does this tell us about Iron Age women? Historians believe that Iron Age women were often powerful leaders and warriors who ruled, and fought just as the men did.

Women were also likely to have been able to own and inherit their land.

Graves, such as the one in Wetwang demonstrate that some women had high status within their community due to the precious items that were buried with them.

Such as the brooches and the mirrors.

Now it's time to check what we've learned.

Historians believe Iron Age women could be important people in their communities, inherit land and lead tribes.

Is that true or false? Pause the video and tell the person next to you.

Well done.

That was true.

Is it true because A, archaeologists have discovered treasured items such as mirrors, brooches and chariots buried with female skeletons? Or is it true, because archaeologists have discovered treasured items such as ploughs, pottery and herbs? Well done.

It's true because archaeologists have discovered treasured items such as mirrors, brooches and chariots buried with female skeletons.

Lots of historians and archaeologists believe that Iron Age women were powerful warriors who fought in battles.

This is because chariots have been found buried with Iron Age women.

Chariots were used in warfare.

Female skeletons have also been found with injuries associated with battle wounds.

Let's check what we've learned.

Can you identify whether each statement is true or false? We can indicate our answers with a tick for true and a cross for false.

A, only Iron Age men fought in battles.

B, Celtic women fought in battles.

C, chariots used in warfare have been discovered, buried with Iron Age female bodies.

D, Iron Age female skeletons had injuries from battle.

Pause the video and decide which of the statements are true and which are false.

A is false.

B is true.

Celtic women are believed to have fought in battles.

C is true.

Chariots used in warfare have been discovered buried with Iron Age female bodies.

D is also true.

Iron Age female skeletons had injuries from battles.

When the Ancient Romans invaded Britain, they wrote about the Celtic people they met.

Celtic people were tribes that lived in small farming communities during the Iron Age.

The Ancient Romans wrote that women fought on the battlefield, owned and inherited land and led tribes.

The Romans were shocked by this.

Let's check what we've learned.

Historians have based their ideas about Iron Age women on evidence written by, A, the Ancient Romans.

B, the Celts.

C, the Ancient Greeks.

Pause the video and decide if it's A, B or C.

Well done.

It was A.

The Ancient Romans wrote about Iron Age women.

This has contributed to evidence historians have.

And now it's time for our second task.

What does the chariot found buried with a female Iron Age body? Tell us about Celtic women.

Here are some words that might help you.

Important, warriors.

Pause the video and have a go at task B.

Well done, everyone.

Great work.

Your answer to task B might have included, "Celtic women were often important people in their communities.

Iron Age women could be tribe leaders.

They were warriors who fought in battles." Was your answer similar? Now we're going to move on to the third part of our lesson.

Powerful Iron Age women.

In this section, we're going to find out about some famous powerful Iron Age women.

There are some well-known powerful Celtic female leaders such as Boudicca and Cartimandua.

Have you heard of them before? Our only evidence about them comes from Ancient Roman writings.

Let's check what we've learned already.

Complete this sentence.

Boudicca and Cartimandua are the names of, A, powerful female Celtic leaders.

B, powerful female Ancient Roman leaders.

C, powerful male Celtic leaders.

D, powerful male Ancient Roman leaders.

Pause the video and decide how best to complete the sentence.

Well done.

Boudicca and Cartimandua are the names of powerful female Celtic leaders.

Boudicca was the Queen of a Celtic tribe who lived in Norfolk, England.

When Boudicca's husband died, she inherited his land and became leader of their tribe.

However, the Ancient Romans took over the land where Boudicca and her tribe lived and treated them very badly.

Here is a photograph of a statue of Boudicca riding in a chariot with two horses.

Boudicca raised an army and fought the Ancient Romans.

At first, Boudicca was very successful.

Her army destroyed the Ancient Romans towns of St.

Albans, Colchester and London.

But the Ancient Romans created a trap.

And in a battle the Ancient Romans were victorious, defeating and her army and taking over Britain.

Nobody knows what happened to Boudicca, but she is remembered in history as a brave and strong warrior leader who refused to give in to the Ancient Romans.

There is a statute to celebrate her in London today.

Let's check what we've learned so far.

Pick which words describe Boudicca.

Brave, strong, weak, powerful, male, female, Celtic, Roman, warrior, leader, king.

Pause the video and describe which words best describe Boudicca.

Brave, strong, powerful, female, Celtic, warrior, leader.

Did you choose all of those words? Well done.

Another powerful Celtic female leader was Cartimandua.

Cartimandua was the queen of a Celtic tribe in the North of England.

She had a very different approach to Boudicca.

When the ancient Romans invaded Britain, she arranged an agreement with them where she kept her land and remained leader of her Celtic tribe.

She worked with the Ancient Romans and traded goods with them.

They even fought alongside the Ancient Romans against other Celtic tribes.

Again, historians do not know much about what else happened to Cartimandua as there is very little evidence of her life apart from Ancient Roman writings.

But we do know she was a powerful and successful warrior leader.

Let's check what we've learnt about these two powerful Celtic female leaders.

Match each description to the correct powerful Iron Age woman.

She was a Queen of a Celtic tribe in the North of England.

She worked with and traded with the Ancient Romans.

She is remembered as a brave warrior who fought against Ancient Roman invasion.

Which Iron Age woman is each of these characters describing? Pause the video and tell the person next to you.

Cartimandua was Queen of a Celtic tribe in the North of England.

She was successful by working with and trading with the Ancient Romans.

Boudicca is remembered as a brave warrior who fought against Ancient Roman invasion.

There's even a statue of her in London to this day.

Here is our third and final task for today's lesson.

Design a sign to be displayed with the statue seen below.

Here are some words to help you.

Powerful, female, Iron Age, Ancient Romans, warrior, Boudicca.

There are some sentence starters.

This is a statue of.

She is remembered for.

Pause the video and have a go at creating a sign to be displayed with the statue.

Well done, everyone.

I wonder what your signs look like.

Perhaps something like this one.

"This is a statue of Boudicca, a powerful female leader of a Celtic tribe during the Iron Age.

She is remembered for being a brave and fierce warrior who led an army to fight against the Ancient Romans when they invaded Britain." Excellent work today, everyone.

Let's summarise what we've learned today.

Archaeologists believe the person buried with a Wetwang chariot was an important, powerful woman.

This has led them to believe that Iron Age women were often powerful warriors and rulers of tribes who were able to inherit land.

Ancient Roman writers described how women fought on the battlefields.

Boudicca and Cartimandua were two famous female Celtic leaders.

Thank you for joining me for today's lesson.

Bye for now.