Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping and I am really looking forward to learning with you today, all about the earliest civilizations, the Indus and the Shang.

So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe what was found in Fu Hao's tomb.

Before we start, I'd like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords will be using today are China, Shang Dynasty, tomb, general, jade.

I'm going to say those again and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

China, Shang Dynasty, tomb, general, jade.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Let's take a look at each of their definitions.

Modern-day China is a large country in East Asia.

The Shang Dynasty was a series of Bronze Age rulers coming from the same family.

A tomb is a place specially built to bury people who have died.

A general is someone who leads the army.

Jade is a very hard stone, which is used for making jewellery and other objects.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll working through together in today's lesson, what was discovered in Anyang? What was inside the tomb? In the first learning cycle, we'll explore what was discovered in Anyang.

A few thousand years after the Indus Valley civilization began, another civilization began in Ancient China during the Bronze Age.

So here's the Indus Valley, can you see it on the map? And then the other civilization that began in Ancient China, we call that other civilization the Shang Dynasty because the rulers all came from the same family.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

What was the name of the ancient civilization living in China? The Chinese civilization, the Shang civilization, the Shang Dynasty.

Hmm, pause the video here, and take a moment to think, and press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said the Shang Dynasty, you are absolutely right, well done.

In 1976, a team of archaeologists led by a woman called Zheng Zhenxiang, were digging in the ground in an area of Eastern China called Anyang.

So have a look at the map, can you see where Anyang is? This was where the Shang Dynasty used to rule thousands of years earlier.

What do you think they found at Anyang? Hmm, I wonder.

There, the team found an amazing discovery that had been hidden since the day it was buried.

It was the tomb of a queen of the Shang Dynasty, and this tomb was very special because it was full of items. In the past, when royal tombs had been discovered by archaeologists, usually they found that people had already been inside and stolen the items, so it was quite special that all of those items, or lots of them were still there.

Have a look there at that photo of a reconstructed tomb, so not the actual tomb, but they've reconstructed it that was found in China in 1976.

"Did the archaeologists find out the name of the queen?" Hmm, that's a good question.

"Oh, yes, inside this tomb, there were lots of things that had the name of the queen on it, she was Fu Hao, an important warrior queen." You can see there a photo of a statue of Fu Hao.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

When was the tomb of Fu Hao discovered in China? 1776, 1876, or 1976.

Take a moment, pause the video, and have a quick discussion with your partner, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said 1976, you're absolutely right, well done.

This brings us to our first learning task.

I'd like you to sort these events into chronological order, using Number 1 for the earliest event.

Fu Hao was a Shang Dynasty warrior Queen in China.

The Indus Valley civilization built cities.

The tomb of Fu Hao was discovered in Anyang.

The Shang Dynasty began in China.

So pause the video here, make sure you give yourself enough time to sort these events into chronological order, using the Number 1 for the earliest event, and press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at the order? So firstly, the Indus Valley civilization built cities.

Secondly, the Shang Dynasty began in China.

Then, Fu Hao was a Shang Dynasty warrior Queen in China, and then the tomb of Fu Hao was discovered in Anyang.

Well done if you got those events in order, and well done for completing that learning task! This brings us to the second part of our lesson.

We're going to take a look at what was inside the tomb.

People from the Shang Dynasty in China were buried with things that were very important to them.

When archaeologists find these items, they help historians to understand lots about the person they were buried with, and what their life was like.

What do you think was buried with the ancient queen Fu Hao? Hmm, pause the video here and have a quick discussion with your partner, what do you think was buried with the ancient queen? And press play when you are ready to continue.

The archaeologist, Zheng Zhenxiang and her team, were lucky enough to find almost 2,000 objects buried with Fu Hao, plus the bones of six dogs, and 16 other people.

They were then able to start making guesses about her life, as well as the lives of others living at the same time.

It is thought that the bodies of the dogs and the 16 people may have been buried with Fu Hao so that they could be with her in death, maybe in the afterlife.

Let's take a moment to pause here and check our understanding.

How many objects were buried with Fu Hao, 200, 2,000, 20,000? Pause the video here, have a quick moment to think, and press play when you're ready to hear the answer.

If you said there were 2,000 objects buried with her, you are absolutely right, well done.

Other items that were found in the tomb also suggest the same idea.

For example, there were over 500 bronze objects found in the tomb, which Fu Hao might have wanted to take with her to the afterlife.

Have a look at this.

"What do you think this could have been used for, looking at that photo?" Hmm.

Well, it was used to cook food to be offered to the gods they believed in, how fascinating.

Lots of these were containers for drinks or food and offered to the gods that they believed in.

Historians know all of this because they can read the writing on the items found.

And bronze is not found in the ground, it has to be created from two other metals, copper and tin.

"What could we guess about the people of the Shang Dynasty from these items?" Hmm, what do you think, what could we guess? Well, I think we could guess that it means that the Ancient Chinese people who made these bronze items were very clever to make bronze, and also very skilled to decorate it so beautifully, and maybe that religion was important to them.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Sofia is thinking about religion in the Shang Dynasty.

Tell a learning partner why she's incorrect.

"I don't think that religion was very important to the people of the Shang Dynasty." So pause the video here, and tell your learning partner why Sofia is incorrect, and press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Well, Sofia, she is incorrect because the people of the Shang Dynasty made lots of items from bronze to offer food and drink to the gods they believed in! So religion was important to them.

More than 100 other bronze objects were found in Fu Hao's tomb, and they were weapons.

This is because she was an army general.

She was in charge of thousands of soldiers and led them to win many battles, becoming one of the most important army generals of the time.

Bronze axe heads have been found in the tomb, but they are missing the handles.

This is because they would've been made from wood, which had completely rotted away, after thousands of years buried underground, the same thing had happened to the arrows found in her tomb.

The wooden part of the arrows had rotted away, so archaeologists only found the sharp arrowhead made from bone.

And we know that Fu Hao was an excellent army general from other written evidence found about her in other parts of China.

If we didn't already know this, her tomb, full of important weapons would've made this very clear.

Lots of other items, which give us clues about Fu Hao's life include over 750 objects made from jade.

Jade is a hard stone, and it takes great skill to carve it into beautiful shapes and statues.

This made it very expensive at the time because there were so many jade objects found in the tomb of Fu Hao, we can tell that she was very rich.

Hundreds of other expensive objects carved from the bones of animals and out of ivory were also found, as well as things that had been made many, many years earlier, showing that she was also a collector of antiques.

Have a look at some of the things there that would've been found in her tomb.

A jade bowl, items carved from bone, and a jade statue.

There were also 7,000 little cowrie shells found buried with Fu Hao.

Now these are similar to shells you can find on the beach or made into bracelets today.

So I wonder what could the shells have been used for back in the Shang Dynasty? Why did Fu Hao have them buried with her? Hmm, well, in China, during the time of the Shang Dynasty, the cowrie shells were used instead of money.

So this shows us again, that she was a very rich and a very important queen.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Select the things we know about Fu Hao from the objects found in her tomb.

She was rich, she lived underground.

She was an army general.

She was religious.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

Select the things we know about Fu Hao from the objects found in her tomb, and press play when you're ready to continue.

What did you think, shall we take a look? Well, the objects show us that she was rich, that she was an army general, and that she was religious.

Well done if you selected those things.

This brings us to our second learning task.

Can you complete the table by writing what each object might help us learn about Fu Hao and her life? So the objects are axe heads, bones of dogs, jade statues, cowrie shells, and bronze containers.

What can we learn about Fu Hao from those objects? So pause the video here, give yourself enough time to complete the table, and press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go, shall we take a look? From the axe heads, we can learn that she was a warrior and army general.

From the bones of dogs, we learned that she wanted the dogs to go with her in the afterlife.

From the jade statues, she liked expensive and beautiful things.

From the cowrie shells, she was a very rich queen.

And from the bronze containers, she wanted to offer to the gods as part of her religion.

Well done if you were able to complete that table, and well done for completing that learning task.

Now, before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we have learned about the discovery of Fu Hao's tomb.

Thousands of years after the Indus Valley civilization began, another civilization began in Ancient China.

These people were the Shang Dynasty, and in 1976, the tomb of one of their army general queens, Fu Hao, was found at Anyang.

Zheng Zhenxiang and her team made this amazing discovery of the tomb and almost 2,000 objects with jade, bone, and bronze.

Bronze weapons, cowrie shells, the bodies of six dogs, and religious bronze containers tell us all about her life.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today, I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.