Hi, everyone, I'm Miss Reid, and welcome to another lesson on mediaeval monarchs.

Let's get started.

So our key question for today's lesson is how did Henry VIII initiate the reformation? Now in this lesson, we'll be learning about Henry VIII.

One of the most famous monarchs in English history.

Now we'll also learn about Martin Luther and his creation of a new branch of Christianity called Protestantism.

A tricky word we'll come back to later.

And we'll learn about how Henry VIII changed the official religion of England from Catholicism to Protestantism in order to get his own way.

And we'll conclude by learning about Henry VIII's six wives.

Now, today we'll look at our knowledge organiser and our star words.

We'll learn about Henry VIII, Martin Luther, and Protestantism, the English Reformation, and Henry VIII's six wives.

In this lesson, you will need a piece of paper or your book, a pencil, and of course your brain.

Pause the video while you get those things.

Excellent.

Now you have what you need, let's go on.

Here are our star words for today's lesson.

I'm going to say the star words, and I want you to repeat them after me.

Henry VIII.

Martin Luther.

Catholicism.

Protestantism.

Reformation.

Now a reformation is when an organisation or an institution makes changes to try and make it better.

In this case, Henry VIII made changes to Christianity to try and make it better for himself, and for the people of England.

Heir.

Now an heir is someone who inherits rank or property after a person's death.

Dynasty.

A dynasty is a line of rulers of a country who are all related to each other.

Here is our knowledge organiser.

I wonder how many of the key facts you've been learning? How many dates you know.

How many of the monarchs you've memorised.

If you haven't quite got to it, there's the Leitner system.

You can find a link on YouTube and you can watch the video so you know how to use it.

Then you can create your flashcards to learn all of those key facts.

There are the facts that we're going to be focusing on in this lesson.

Pause the video now, so you can take a closer look at them.

Excellent.

Let's move on.

So here is Henry VIII.

You can take a closer look at him in that image there.

He was born in 1491 and he died in 1547.

But he reigned from 1509 to 1547 when he died.

And he's famous for three key reasons.

One, having six different wives.

Two, for initiating the English Reformation and three, for being the father of the Royal Navy.

We're going to look more closely at each of those three things.

Now, Henry VIII had six wives.

Let's have a look at them more closely.

Those six wives were Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, and Katherine Parr.

Now, there's a clever rhyme for remembering how each of those wives met their end with Henry.

The rhyme is, divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived.

Do you want to start with me? Let's go.

Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived.

Great work everyone.

Now, Henry isn't just famous for his six wives.

He's also famous for being the father of the English Reformation.

Now, we'll learn a bit more about the English Reformation later, but essentially what Henry decided to do was change the official religion from Catholicism to Protestantism.

And we'll look at how he did that in more detail in a moment.

The third thing that Henry is very famous for, is being the father of the Royal Navy.

Now, he commissioned a programme to build 50 warships to strengthen England's military power.

Here's your first task for today.

What three things was Henry VIII most famous for? On your piece of paper, I want you to write Henry VIII was most famous for, and note down the three things that we just went through.

Pause the video now and complete that task.

Did you remember those three things? Let's have a look at them.

He was famous for, having six wives, the English Reformation, and building a fleet of 50 ships and being the father of the Royal Navy.

Pause the video now, so you can tick or fix your answers.

Great work everyone, let's move on.

Now we spoke about Protestantism earlier and I told you that Henry VIII eventually decided to change the official religion from Catholicism to Protestantism.

Well, here's an image of the man who created Protestantism.

His name is Martin Luther.

Now he was a German priest.

And one night in October in 1517, he marched up to his local church, a Roman Catholic Church, and hammered a list of problems to the door.

He called these problems, his 95 thesis.

And these were the problems that he could see with the Roman Catholic Church.

Now there were three problems in particular.

Three things that he was particularly upset with.

These were, number one, the Pope, and specifically at that time, Pope Leo X.

Now, Luther did not think that the Pope had any special knowledge of God.

He believed that only came from the Bible.

Two, he was upset with how people could pay for their sins to go away by making donations.

Three, he thought that everyone should be able to read the Bible and that it should be translated from Latin into the language that the common people spoke.

The recent invention of the printing press was making it possible for people to own copies of Bibles.

And he thought it was important that they could read it in their own language.

Because of these things, he decided to form his own branch of Christianity.

And that was called, you're right.

Protestantism.

Now his followers split from the Roman Catholic Church and this was the first reformation.

You need to answer the question below, writing in full sentences.

I've given you some key words to include.

What were the three reasons that Martin Luther rejected Catholicism? Here are the key words I've given you.

One, the Pope, special knowledge.

Two, donations.

Three, Bible, language of the common people.

Don't forget to write in full sentences.

Pause the video now, and complete that task.

Great, now you've had a go.

Let's have a look at the full sentences that I wrote.

One, he thought that the Pope did not have any special knowledge of God.

Two, he did not think people should be able to pay donations to make their sins go away.

Three, he thought the Bible should be translated into the language of the common people.

Pause the video now so you can tick or fix your answer.

Excellent work everyone, give yourself a pat on the back.

English Reformation.

Now, before and during his first marriage to Catherine of Aragon.

Henry VIII pictured here, was a Roman Catholic.

He followed Catholicism.

He even wrote a book opposing Martin Luther's ideas.

And Pope Leo X was so impressed with this book that he called Henry the Defender of the Faith.

However, we're going to learn about how his first marriage cost Henry to oppose the Pope and change the main religion of England.

Here's a task for you.

You need to answer the question which says, what religion did Henry VIII follow before and during his first marriage? And then complete the sentence.

Pope Leo X called Henry hm.

Pause the video now and complete that task.

I wonder how you've done.

Let's check our answers.

Henry VIII was a Roman Catholic or you could have written, Henry followed Catholicism.

Two, Pope Leo called Henry Defender of the Faith.

Well done everyone.

Tick or fix your answers.

You can pause the video while you do that.

Let's continue learning about the English Reformation.

This is an image of Catherine of Aragon.

This is Henry's first wife.

Now she was a member of the house of Habsburg.

She was from Spain, but the house of Habsburg was a huge empire.

It was a family that covered many regions.

Have a look at this map.

You can see that the areas in green show the areas that the house of Habsburg were in control of.

Now, Henry became King when he was only 17 years old in 1509.

And he immediately married Catherine Aragon.

The members of her family were Kings and Queens across Europe as you can see.

And the Habsburgs, like Henry, where Roman Catholics.

You can see that the cross that Catherine of Aragon is wearing in the image.

And that shows that she's a devout Roman Catholic.

Now, things turned sour for Catherine and Henry.

They had had a pretty long and successful marriage and were happy.

However, Catherine failed to produce a son for Henry.

She did have a daughter named Mary, who would later go on to become queen, but Henry would not accept a daughter as an heir.

Now, Henry was worried that he would die without a male heir to the throne.

Do you remember, Edward the Confessor and Alexander III of Scotland? They had no heirs and it turned out to be a mess.

So as a result, Henry tried to have his marriage to Catherine cancelled or annulled.

Annulled means cancelled.

Annulled means? That's right.

Cancelled.

He tried to have their marriage cancelled by the Pope or annulled, so that he could find a new wife who would give birth to a son.

However, the Pope refused.

Henry decided to call his parliament together in 1534 and they passed an Act of Supremacy.

What did they pass? An Act of Supremacy, that's right.

And this declared Henry the supreme head of the church of England and Henry moved the official religion of England from Catholicism to Protestantism.

Do you remember he previously opposed Martin Luther? But it seems now that he was on his side.

You need to answer the question below.

The question says, what was the main reason that Henry VIII chose to leave the Roman Catholic Church? A.

He did not like giving the Pope money? B.

He wanted to be able to find a new wife to have his male heir? C.

He wanted to be the leader of the church? Pause the video now and choose the answer that you think is correct.

Let's have a look at the correct answer.

It was B.

He wanted to be able to find a new wife to have his male heir.

Pause the video now so you can tick or fix your answer.

Okay, here's the question for you.

What was the official religion in England before Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon? I want you to point to either Protestantism or Catholicism.

What was the official religion in England before Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon? Did you point to Catholicism? If you did, give yourself a pat on the back.

Next question.

What was the official religion in England after Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon? Are you pointing at Protestantism? Excellent work.

Give yourself a pat on the back.

Not only did Henry break away from the Catholic Church, but he also shut down all of the monasteries.

In addition, he gave the money and land that was previously belonging to the Roman Catholic Church to a group of landowners who were not members of the noble class, and they became known as the landed gentry.

What did they become known as? That's right, the landed gentry.

Because they got lots of new land from Henry.

Here's a sentence with some information missing.

It says Henry VIII closed the, and gave the church's money and land to landowners.

They became known as the, pause the video now and complete those sentences.

Let's check the right answer.

Henry VIII closed the monasteries.

Give yourself a pat on the back if you got that right.

And gave the church's money and land to landowners.

They became known as the landed gentry.

Thumbs up.

Pause the video now if you need to fix your answers.

Okay, on to Henry VIII's six wives.

This is what he is arguably most famous for.

Now, we've already learned about Catherine of Aragon and how Henry ended their marriage by changing the official religion of England in the reformation.

Now, we know that Catherine of Aragon's marriage was annulled.

He divorced Catherine of Aragon.

His next marriage was to a woman named Anne Boleyn.

Now, while Henry was in the process of trying to divorce Catherine, he met and fell in love with one of Catherine's ladies-in-waiting called Anne Boleyn.

Now, after the reformation, he was free to marry her.

And he was desperate for a son.

However, Anne did not produce a son.

She had a daughter who would go on to become queen and her name was Elizabeth.

However, Henry wanted a son and after three years of no son, Henry had her beheaded.

He accused her of treason, plotting to overthrow the King.

Here you can see Anne Boleyn was beheaded.

His third wife was Jane Seymour.

And they married just a few weeks after Anne Boleyn was beheaded.

They did have a son together and he was named Edward but Queen Jane shortly died after giving birth.

So you can see here, the start of that rhyme.

Divorced, beheaded, died.

Divorced, beheaded, died.

On this slide, you can see, there are the three images.

Now, I'm going to place the three images of the three Queens on the screen.

And I want you to point at the image that applies to their end.

Catherine of Aragon.

Which of these symbols applies to her? Point at the right one.

Are you pointing at this symbol? The divorced or annulment symbol.

That's right.

Catherine of Aragon's marriage was annulled.

What about Anne Boleyn? How did she meet her end? Point at the correct symbol.

Are you pointing at beheaded? Excellent work.

She was beheaded.

What about Jane Seymour, what happened to her? Point at the correct symbol.

You're right, she died.

Now, we know that Henry had three more wives, let's learn about them.

After his third marriage, he was single for a few years, but he then saw a painting of Anne of Cleves and he thought that she was absolutely beautiful and he agreed to marry her.

However, when she arrived, he was not impressed with her looks and their marriage was quickly annulled.

He divorced her.

His fifth marriage, was to Catherine Howard.

Now she was still a teenager when they married.

And by this point, Henry was 49.

And there were lots of rumours during their marriage that Catherine was being unfaithful to Henry.

That she was having an affair.

And so he had her beheaded in 1542.

His final marriage was to Catherine Parr.

Now she helps bring up his three children.

Mary, Elizabeth and Edward.

And when he died in 1547, she survived him.

She did then remarry a year later, and she died in childbirth.

Now, here are those symbols again.

Let's take a quick closer look at them.

I'm going to show you.

They're all muddled up again, and I'm going to show you the images of the three women.

And I want you to point at the symbol that applies to their end.

Anne of Cleves, what happened to her? Point to the symbol.

Are you pointing at this symbol? The divorce symbol or annulment symbol? Excellent work.

What about Catherine Howard, what happened to her? Point to the symbol.

You're right, she was beheaded.

Henry thought she was having an affair.

And finally, Katherine Parr, what happened to her? Point to the symbol.

Excellent work everyone, she survived Henry VIII.

So let's have a look at those six wives again.

And let's recap that rhyme.

Are you ready? Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived.

One more time.

Divorced, beheaded, died.

Divorced, beheaded, survived.

Here's our final task everyone.

Now, this is about the English Reformation just to recap on that key question.

Why did Henry choose to split from the Roman Catholic Church? Well, there were three reasons.

There was a personal reason, a reason for Henry himself, his own personal choices.

There was an economic reason, money for the country, and there was a political reason.

The ongoing good and leadership of the country.

Let's look at three statements.

Henry VIII wanted to give the land and money from the church to the people of England who could make more money for the country.

Henry VIII wanted to be able to marry another woman.

Henry VIII wanted to ensure he had an heir to the throne to continue his dynasty.

I want you to organise these three statements into the table.

The first thing I want you to do is draw the table, placing personal, economic and political in each row.

Pause the video now so you can draw that table.

Great work everyone.

Now you need to organise those three statements into each row.

Remember, personal is about Henry's personal choice.

Economic is about money for the country, and political is about the ongoing leadership of the country.

Pause the video now and organise those statements into each row.

Great work everyone.

Let's check your answers.

Here we've got personal, economic and political.

Pause the video now, and tick or fix your answers.

So of course his personal reason was that he wanted to marry another woman.

The economic reason was all about giving the church's money to the people of England to produce more money for England itself.

And the political was about having an heir to continue his dynasty.

Well done everyone, another great lesson.

I've really enjoyed learning about mediaeval monarchs with you.

I'll see you next time, bye.