Hi, everyone.

I'm Miss Reid and welcome to another lesson on mediaeval monarchs.

Let's have a look at our key question for today.

Our key question is in what ways was Edward a great and terrible king? We're going to be taking a closer look at Edward I.

We'll learn about his marriage to Eleanor of Castile and we'll go on to learn about how Edward conquered both Wales and Scotland and the legacies that he left that are still in place today.

It's going to be a great lesson where we look at another king, thinking about their successes and their failures.

So our overview.

We're going to be looking at our knowledge organiser and our star words.

Then we'll learn about Edward I and then his marriage to Eleanor of Castile.

We'll think about the Prince of Wales versus Edward I and the battle that took place between them.

We'll learn about the Great Cause, which is all about how Edward conquered Scotland.

And finally, we'll think about whether Edward was a great or a terrible king.

In this lesson, you will need a piece of paper or your book, a pencil, and that brain of yours.

Here's our knowledge organiser.

Let's take a closer look.

These are all of the facts that you need to know for the whole of the unit on mediaeval monarchs.

I wonder how many of you have started making flashcards? I know that lots of you out there already know lots of facts, and I'm excited for more of you to learn facts of this knowledge organiser.

If you haven't started making your flashcards yet, you could use the Leitner System.

There's a link on this slide.

Have a look at that and let's get learning.

Great, let's move on.

Here you can see these are the facts and key words that we're going to be focusing on in this lesson.

You can pause the video now to take a closer look.

Excellent, let's move on.

Here are our star words.

I'm going to say the star words, and I want you to repeat them after me.

Sometimes I'll explain the star words in more detail.

Edward I or Edward Longshanks.

Scotland.

Wales.

Judiciary system.

The judiciary system is the justice system led by judges who decide what's right and what's wrong.

Rebellion.

A rebellion is when people oppose or fight against the government or the leader, usually using weapons.

In this lesson, we're going to hear more about rebels or freedom fighters.

And we're going to think about what they did to oppose the leader or government.

Parliament.

Parliament is the lawmaking body, made up of monarchs, or kings or queens, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

We'll learn a little bit more about that later.

This is Edward I.

You can see him in this image here.

We're going to read some information about Edward I.

I'm going to read out loud and you can read along with me in your head or out loud at home.

Edward was named after Edward the Confessor, who his father, Henry III, greatly respected.

In Edward's early life, there were many battles for the Kingdom of England as the barons revolted again, led by Edward's uncle, Simone de Montford.

Edward was involved in this war both politically and militarily.

He was held captive by de Montford but managed to escape and fought against him in the Battle of Evesham, where de Montford was killed.

A skilled general and a religious man, Edward then went on a Crusade, but returned to England after his father died in 1272.

You might remember the Crusades from our last lesson.

They were religious journeys to the Holy Land to try and conquer it.

On this slide, you can see the text that we just read together.

On the right-hand side, there's some information and some questions.

I'd like you to read these task and I'd like you to pause the video to complete the task above.

Excellent, let's see how you did.

Pause the video now so you can tick or fix your answers.

How did you do? Excellent, give yourself a pat on the back.

Okay.

We're now going to learn about Eleanor of Castile and her marriage to Edward.

Now Edward married Eleanor as part of a political deal.

It was an arrangement.

Now he was only 14 and she was just 12.

Can you imagine getting married at 12 years old, or 14 for that matter? However, despite their young age, they had a long and loving marriage, which was unusual for mediaeval monarchs, especially when their marriages were arranged.

They had 16 children together and Edward built 12 monuments in her memory after she died.

These are known as Eleanor crosses and many can still be found today.

Have a look at the picture on the right.

That shows an Eleanor cross that's still standing today.

You can see on the left an image of Eleanor and Edward together.

Here is a task for you to complete based on the information that we just learned about.

Have a closer look at the task and pause the video while you complete it.

Great work.

Pause the video again so you can tick or fix your answers.

How did you do? Thumbs up for you.

Well done, let's go on.

On this slide, you can see a map of England and Wales.

That's because we're going to learn about the Prince of Wales versus Edward I.

Now, Edward I aimed to conquer Wales, in particular, this area highlighted in the red box.

Let's take a closer look at that area.

You can see that this is the journey that Edward made as he moved across North Wales to conquer these various different areas.

We're going to read some information about the Prince of Wales versus Edward I.

I'm going to read it out loud and you can read along with me at home.

Wales had been ruled independently for centuries.

Many English Kings before Edward had attempted to take control of Wales, but all had been unsuccessful as the people there quickly rebelled against the English.

From 1267, the English agreed that Llywelyn ap Gruffudd would be known as the Prince of Wales and be in charge of all the other leaders in the different parts of Wales.

But Llywelyn was unpopular.

After he became King, Edward began a conquest for Wales and many Welsh leaders, including Llywelyn's younger brother, supported Edward.

In 1277, Edward invaded Wales and easily took control of the country.

Here's that information again.

You have a task.

You need to read the information and answer the questions Pause the video now.

So you can complete that task.

Let's have a look at the answer so you can tick or fix yours.

Pause the video now so you can tick or fix your answers.

Great, give yourself a pat on the back.

Let's move on.

Now I spoke earlier about the legacies that Edward left.

These legacies are the things that he put in place that are still in place today.

Now after conquering Wales, Edward fully colonised the country and created six new shires and he placed English lords in charge of those shires.

Now, not only that, but to ensure that he kept hold of Wales and to stop any further rebellions, Edward embarked on a castle building project, and many of those castles still stand today, 700 years later.

Let's take a look at some of those castles.

Here in this image, you can see Caernarfon Castle.

Here's Beaumaris Castle, Conway Castle, Harlech Castle and here's all of those castles together.

Now, not only did he build those castles, but to ensure that he had a real steadfast ruling over the country, he ensured that his own son was born there.

And he then ensured that the heir to the throne would always be known as the Prince of Wales.

And that's a custom that's still in effect today.

Prince Charles, who you can see on this slide, is called the Prince of Wales because he is the heir to the throne.

When he becomes King, William will be known as the Prince of Wales On the next slide, there is a task.

Read the task and pause the video while you complete it.

Excellent, let's see how you did.

Pause the video so you can tick or fix your answer.

Brilliant, let's move on.

Now, Edward is sometimes known as the father of parliament.

Now Edward wanted to avoid the chaos and the rebellions of the past in England.

And as a result, he created a three-part model.

This model consisted of the elected common people.

This is what we call the House of Commons.

It also consisted of the landowners.

This is what we call the House of Lords, because they were known as lords.

And finally the monarch, the king or queen.

Now this is the same system that we still have today.

And that's why Edward is sometimes called the father of parliament.

He also made the judicial system much clearer and the laws are much clearer so that he ensured that it was applied same way everywhere, throughout the country.

I would like you to think about the three different bodies or areas of parliament.

Your first task is to draw the table, then fill it in with the correct names of the bodies of parliament.

Pause the video while you complete this task.

I'm wondering if you also drew the images to help you remember these three areas.

Let's have a look at the answer.

Would you like a reminder of those three images? You might want to draw them to help you remember the three bodies.

Let's go back.

You could pause the video and draw the three pictures to help you remember the three bodies of parliament.

Pause the video while you do that.

Excellent work, let's carry on.

So this is the Great Cause.

We're going to read about the Great Cause.

You can read it with me, either out loud or in your head.

After conquering Wales, Edward wanted to conquer Scotland.

The King of Scotland, Alexander III, had three children, but they all died.

So when Alexander died in 1286, there was no obvious heir.

This led to many people making a claim to the throne in what became known as the Great Cause.

Edward became this King of Scotland while Scottish nobles worked out who would take the throne.

However, Edward continued to rule over Scotland even after they had chosen their king.

Edward demanded the Scots fight against the French with him, but the Scots instead sided with France and rebelled against Edward.

You can see in the image on this slide.

That is an image of Alexander III, the previous King of Scotland.

Here are those paragraphs again.

You have a task to complete based on the information.

Pause the video and complete the task above.

Excellent work, let's move on so you can see the answer.

Tick or fix your answer.

You can pause the video while you do that.

Fantastic.

I'm going to tell you a little bit about Scottish rebels.

They're sometimes known as freedom fighters.

We talked about rebellion as an act of opposition against the government or leader.

This is an image of William Wallace.

We're going to talk about him in a second.

Now, as in Wales, Edward placed English lords in charge of Scotland to try and control the people of Scotland and try and quell, that means, stop the rebellions.

Now, William Wallace led a resistance army.

He was a rebel or freedom fighter who defeated many of Edward's English forces.

However, after being betrayed in 1305, Wallace was captured by English forces and taken to England.

He was publicly tortured and executed.

That means it happened in front of many members of the public.

His head was dipped in tar and placed on a pike on London bridge.

Now, Robert Bruce would go on to become the King of Scotland and he led a rebellion in 1306.

However, to try and scare the Scots, Edward took a number of brutal forces.

Bruce's sister was captured and put in a cage for four years outside Roxburgh Castle.

He also tortured and executed Robert Bruce's younger brother.

Read these questions or read this question, sorry.

And answer below.

Pause the video while you complete that task.

Excellent work, let's continue.

You can tick or fix your answer while you pause the video.

Okay, we've come onto the part of the lesson where we consider whether Edward was a great or a terrible king.

Perhaps you think he's partly both.

We're going to look at some statements and a table and you're going to sort them into your own opinion of the things that made him a great king and the things that made him a terrible king.

Remember, this is what you think.

There's not necessarily a right or wrong answer.

Let's have a look at those statements.

Conquered Wales and Scotland.

Made the judicial system and laws clearer.

Ruled over Scotland.

Even after the Scottish people had decided on their own king.

Publicly tortured and killed William Wallace.

Built many castles in Wales.

Many people died on both sides when Edward's armies were conquering both Wales and Scotland.

Took brutal force actions to stop the Scots rebelling, such as executing the king's brother.

Created a new parliament.

Now, before you go on, remember what I said before? There's no right or wrong answer necessarily.

Now it's about what you think.

Think about these statements.

Which of these do you think made him a great king? Which do you think made him a terrible king? The first thing you're going to do is you're going to draw the table.

The table should have enough space for you to write all of those actions within them.

Pause the video now while you draw your table.

Let's have another look at those statements.

Remember, you're writing the statements into either great or terrible, considering what you think.

Pause the video now while you complete that task.

Excellent work everyone.

Let's have a look at the way that I completed the table.

It's important to remember that we can't really judge the past on our modern perspectives because what we consider to be a great leader now might not necessarily have been a great leader in the past.

Now this is the way that I've organised the statements.

Have a look.

I thought he was great, because he conquered Wales and Scotland, because he made the judicial system and laws clearer.

Because he built many castles in Wales Because he creates created a new parliament.

I thought he was terrible because he ruled over Scotland, even after the Scottish people had decided on their own king.

He publicly tortured and killed William Wallace.

Many people died on both sides when Edward's armies were conquering both Wales and Scotland, and he took brutal actions to stop the Scots rebelling, such as executing the king's brother.

Now, I thought that it was wrong to publicly torture and kill William Wallace.

I thought that that was brutal.

However, you might have thought that that made him a great king because it showed strength and power.

Our opinions might differ, but it's important to understand why we think the way we think and voice our opinion.

You could say, in my opinion, Edward was a great king because.

In my opinion, Edward was a terrible king because.

Pause the video now and tell me why you think Edward was a great or terrible king.

Really interesting.

I wish I could hear all of your opinions, but it's great to know that you're all out there working hard.

Well, everyone that was the end of our lesson.

Thanks so much for participating and doing all of those tasks.

I hope you enjoyed it.

Don't forget to complete the end-of-lesson quiz.

You can stop the video now and complete that quiz.

See you next lesson, everyone.