Hello, my name is Mrs Tipping, and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant turning points.

And in particular, looking at the question, how did experiences differ during World War II? So, shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain why the global nature of the Second World War had an impact on Britain.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The key words we'll be using today are, empire, Allied Forces, ethnic diversity.

I am gonna say those again, and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Empire.

Allied Forces.

Ethnic diversity.

Good job, now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Here are definitions for each of our keywords.

A group of countries ruled by one country or leader is called an empire.

The Allied Forces included Britain and those countries that fought with Britain in World War II.

Ethnic diversity refers to many people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.

Pause the video here to make a note of the keywords, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson.

Britain and the empire.

How did India contribute in World War II? And increasing ethnic diversity.

In the first learning cycle, we'll explore Britain and the empire.

Where do you think fighting happened in the Second World War? Well, the Second World War was a global war.

Over 70 nations were involved, and fighting took place on the continents of Africa, Asia, and Europe.

Let's pause here.

Select all the continents on which fighting happened during World War II.

Africa, Asia, Antarctica, Europe.

Pause the video here.

Have a quick discussion with your partner, and select each of those continents where the fighting happened, and restart the video when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said Africa, Asia and Europe, you're absolutely right, well done.

At the start of World War II, in 1939, Britain had an empire, which included one quarter of the world's population.

When Britain declared war against Nazi Germany and their allies on the 3rd of September, 1939, Britain's whole empire was pulled into war too.

As a small island, Britain could not have fought across three continents of the world alone.

The British relied heavily on men and women across the empire to join the armed forces, and for different countries in the empire to supply the resources needed for war.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

The British Empire included, of the world's population when World War II began in 1939.

So what goes in that gap there? Is it one quarter, one third, half? What do you think? Pause the video here, and when you're ready to get the answer, press play.

What did you think? if you said one quarter, you're absolutely right.

That's a lot of the world's population, isn't it? Now, which countries were part of the British Empire in 1939? Well, countries in the British Empire included areas of the world such as Canada, parts of the Caribbean, parts of Africa, parts of India, Australia, and New Zealand.

That's a lot of places, you can see them on the map there.

All of those countries that were in the British Empire at the time.

Now, there were 8.

5 million men who served the military for the Empire.

More than 5 million came from the British Isles, over 2 million from India, around half a million from Canada and Australia, and hundreds of thousands from other countries like South Africa.

The Soviet Union, known as Russia, and the United States of America also fought on Britain's side, but they were not part of the British Empire.

Over 2.

5 million Indians fought for the British Empire during World War II.

It's a lot of people, isn't it? The countries that fought together with Britain are known as the Allied Forces.

Do you recognise any of the flags on this poster? Which countries they come from? Let's take a moment to pause.

Who were the Allied Forces? Tell your learning partner your ideas.

Pause the video here, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said the Allied Forces included Britain and those countries that fought with Britain in World War II, you're absolutely right, well done.

It's now time for our first learning task.

I'd like you to firstly decide if each statement in the table is true or false.

So put a tick if it's true, or an X if it's false.

And then I'd like you to correct the false statements.

So if you think one of these statements is false, I want you to correct it.

So the statements are, the Second World War was fought only in Europe.

Britain had an empire at the beginning of World War II.

The soldiers fighting for Britain were known as the Allied Forces.

Less than 2 million soldiers from India joined the military service.

In total, 5.

5 million soldiers fought for Britain and its allies.

So pause the video here, and give yourself enough time to decide if each statement is true or false, and to correct the false ones.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look? So, the first one, the Second World War was fought only in Europe, is false.

Second one, Britain had an empire at the beginning of World War II, is true.

The soldiers fighting for Britain were known as the Allied Forces, that's true.

Less than 2 million soldiers from India joined the military service, that's false.

And in total, 5.

5 million soldiers fought for Britain and its allies.

So we have three false statements here.

So, let's have a look at how we could correct those.

Well done if you were able to spot which ones were true and false.

So, here are the corrections for the false statements.

The Second World War was not fought only in Europe.

More than 2 million soldiers from India joined the military service.

And the last one, in total, 8.

5 million soldiers fought for Britain and its allies.

So well done if you were able to correct those three false statements.

Well done for completing this learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of this lesson.

We are going to explore how India contributed in World War II.

Over 2.

5 million Indian men volunteered for service, producing the largest volunteer army in history.

Many of these fought against the Japanese in Burma, known today as Myanmar.

But Indian soldiers also served in North and East Africa, Italy and Greece.

Let's take a moment to pause.

The Indian Army was the largest volunteer army in history.

Is that true or false? What do you think? If you said that that is true, you're absolutely right.

How do we justify our answer? So, we have two statements here that can help us justify our answer.

Over 2.

5 million Indian men volunteered for service and fought in places such as Burma, North Africa, Italy, and Greece.

Over 2.

5 million Indian men volunteered for service and fought only in India.

What do you think? Have a quick discussion with your partner.

Pause the video here, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said over 2.

5 million Indian men volunteered for service and fought in places such as Burma, North Africa, Italy, and Greece, you're absolutely right, well done.

Now, Indian women contributed too.

The Women's Auxiliary Corps was established in India in 1942 and was similar to Britain's Auxiliary Territorial Service, ATS.

By the end of the war, in 1945, over 11,000 Indian women had joined.

Now these women did various roles like typists, switchboard operators, drivers, parachute inspectors, and many other jobs essential to the army.

Britain and the Allied Forces needed supplies for war such as weapons, planes, tanks, armour, and ships.

They also needed a lot of money to pay for the workers and resources needed to make these supplies.

The British government borrowed this money from other countries like India.

By the end of the war, Britain owed over 1.

3 billion pounds to India, and 1 billion dollars to Canada as well as resources, India also sent food to Britain.

India, its people, resources, and money were essential in helping Britain succeed in World War II.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

How much money did the British government borrow from India? 10,000 pounds, 1.

3 billion pounds, 2.

3 billion pounds.

Pause the video here, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said 1.

3 billion pounds, you're absolutely right.

That is a lot of money, isn't it? We're now ready to have a go at our second learning task.

I'd like you to write two or three sentences to explain how India contributed to the Second World War.

You could include these words and phrases, 2.

5 million, volunteer army, 1.

3 billion pounds.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to write two or three sentences to explain how India contributed to the Second World War.

Pause the video here, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So your answer might look like this.

India contributed to the Second World War in many ways.

Over 2.

5 million men volunteered to fight with the Allied Forces, and were the biggest volunteer army in history.

The government in India sent food, resources and 1.

3 billion pounds to the British government to help pay for the war.

Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now going to move on to the third part of this lesson.

We're going to explore increasing ethnic diversity.

Before the Second World War, most people in Britain did not regularly travel abroad, and did not often meet lots of people from other countries.

In World War II, this completely changed.

The men and women who fought together came from all over the world, from places like Ghana, Bangladesh, Fiji, and Zambia.

And often, for the first time, British people travelled abroad and interacted with people from those places.

For example, the Fourteenth Army was one of the most diverse armies in history.

The soldiers spoke at least 40 different languages, and the army included nationalities such as British, Indian, Burmese, Nepal, and African.

Let's pause here for a moment.

How many different languages were spoken in the Fourteenth Army? 40, 50, 60.

What do you think? If you thought it was 40, you're absolutely right.

That is a lot of languages to be able to speak, isn't it? How amazing.

Another example of how World War II changed British people's experiences is that many people from countries that had been taken over by Nazi Germany came to live in Britain, or to join the British Armed forces.

This increased the ethnic diversity in Britain.

For instance, the men of the Polish Air Force, the PAF, who had escaped to Britain in 1939, joined the Royal Air Force, the RAF.

During the Battle of Britain, which involved Allied Forces planes fighting against German planes over Britain, the PAF units were essential for victory, and the Polish pilots became known as heroes.

Polish troops also fought with the British army in North Africa and Italy.

And when the war ended in 1945, many Polish people chose to stay in Britain.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Is Sofia correct? Discuss your ideas with your learning partner.

Polish fighter pilots helped the British, but were not very important during World War II.

Pause the video here and discuss your ideas with your learning partner, and restart when you are ready to continue.

What do you think? Let's have a look, shall we? Well, Sofia is incorrect.

The help of the Polish fighter pilots was very important during World War II.

And without them, the British might have lost the Battle of Britain.

Well done if you got that right.

Even though parts of the Caribbean were in the British Empire, women there were not allowed to join services like the ATS until 1943.

Once they were allowed, 600 Caribbean women volunteered, with a 100 of those women coming to Britain.

And from 1944, Caribbean women could also join the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, the WAAF.

Since 1939, the RAF had welcomed Caribbean men as volunteers, and trained them as pilots, navigators, air gunners and flight engineers.

John Jellicoe Blair, originally from Jamaica, joined the RAF in 1941, and stayed until he retired in 1965.

Many Caribbean men stayed in Britain after the war was over, increasing the ethnic diversity of Britain further.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Who is correct about what ethnic diversity means? Laura says, a group of countries ruled by one country or leader.

Lucas says, it means many people from different ethnic and cultural backgrounds.

Have a discussion with your partner.

Pause the video here, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? Well, Lucas is correct.

Laura has told us what an empire is.

An empire is a group of countries ruled by one country or leader.

This brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to write one paragraph to explain how the global nature of the Second World War had an impact on Britain.

You could use these words and phrases to help you.

Allied Forces, Britain, languages, continents, cultural backgrounds, Caribbean, ethnic diversity, Poland.

So, pause the video here and give yourself enough time to write one paragraph to explain how the global nature of the Second World War had an impact on Britain.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So, your answer may be similar to this.

The Second World War was fought over three different continents and involved millions who joined together to fight with Britain as the Allied Forces.

These people all had different cultural backgrounds, and spoke different languages.

During the war, people from places like the Caribbean and Poland moved to Britain to join the forces.

Once it was over, lots of these people stayed in Britain and increased the ethnic diversity of the country.

Well done for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about the global war that was fought by an imperial army.

The Second World War was fought across three continents, Europe, Africa, and Asia.

During the war, soldiers from all over the British Empire formed the Allied Forces and fought against Nazi Germany and their allies.

Before the war, most people in Britain rarely travelled abroad or met people from other countries.

But during the war, millions of soldiers met people with different cultural backgrounds and languages.

Many men and women travelled to Britain from across the British Empire to help the war effort and chose to stay once the war was over, increasing Britain's ethnic diversity.

Thank you for joining me in the lesson today, and I really look forward to seeing you in the next one.

See you next time.