Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping, and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant turning points, and in particular, looking at the question, how did experiences differ during World War II? So, shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to explain why evacuation was a huge turning point for many children during the Second World War.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are civilian, bombing, evacuee, morale.

I'm gonna say those again and I would like you to repeat them after me.

Civilian.

Bombing.

Evacuee.

Morale.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Here are the definitions for each of those keywords.

A civilian is someone who is not part of the armed forces.

Dropping explosives out of an aeroplane onto the ground below is called bombing.

A person who has been moved to another place for safety is an evacuee.

The confidence and cheerfulness of a group of people is called morale.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we will be working through together in today's lesson, Operation Pied Piper, the Blitz, returning home.

In the first learning cycle, we will explore Operation Pied Piper.

Before the Second World War began in September 1939, the British government had made a plan to evacuate civilians, mainly children, from cities at high risk of bombing.

Areas at high risk included places like London, Birmingham, Liverpool, and Glasgow.

Areas thought of as low risk included rural areas such as Kent, East Anglia, and Wales.

This plan to move people to areas of safety was known as Operation Pied Piper.

You can see on this map of Britain here the high risk areas in red.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Select the areas where civilians were evacuated from.

Liverpool, Wales, Birmingham, London.

Hmm, what do you think? Pause the video here, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

If you said that Liverpool, Birmingham, and London were all places where civilians were evacuated from, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

On the morning of the 31st of August, 1939, an evacuation order was given for the next day.

Children had only one day to pack a few items, and on the morning of the 1st of September, two days before the war broke out, Operation Pied Piper began.

Now, evacuees were not only children.

Mothers with very young children and pregnant women were moved for safety too.

The whole operation would not have been possible without the help of thousands of volunteers, such as teachers, railway staff, and 17,000 members of the Women's Voluntary Service.

You can see a photo there of British children being evacuated in 1939.

Now, on the 1st of September, 1939, evacuation trains left London's main stations every nine minutes for nine hours.

Some children in London were even evacuated by ship from the River Thames! In just three days, 1.

5 million people had been evacuated.

Wow.

Now, I'm sure we've all been on quite a busy train or bus before.

Can you imagine that amount of people having to leave a place all at the same time? Very busy indeed.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

On which date did Operation Pied Piper begin, the 31st of August, 1939; the 1st of September, 1959; the 1st of September, 1939; or the 1st of September, 1919? Pause the video here, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said the 1st of September, 1939, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

Now, children had to carry a gas mask, an item that would help protect them in case of a poisonous gas attack, and their luggage.

Parents were given a list of things to pack, which included a change of clothes, night clothes, plimsolls, spare socks, a toothbrush, a comb, a towel, soap, a face cloth, and a coat.

Each child had a luggage label with their name and school written on it.

Now, being separated from their parents was difficult for many children, but they also saw it as an adventure to travel somewhere new, make new friends, and see farm animals or eat vegetables for the first time.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Looking at this statement, civilians were evacuated because there was a risk of bombing in cities.

Is that true or false? What do you think? If you said that that was true, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

Now let's take a look at these two statements.

Which one would help to justify your answer? Operation Pied Piper evacuated only children.

Operation Pied Piper evacuated civilians including children, mothers with very young children, and pregnant women.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

Which of these two statements helps to justify your answer? And press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? If you said The Operation Pied Piper evacuated civilians, including children, mothers with young children, and pregnant women, you were absolutely right.

Well done.

This brings us to our first learning task.

I'd like you to solve the clues to complete the puzzle.

So we've got one, two, and three.

We've got a missing space that needs to be filled with a word.

A is someone who is not part of the armed forces.

The evacuation was known as Operation Pied.

An is a person who has been moved to another place for safety.

So have a go at completing that puzzle there.

So the letters of the words would fit in each of these boxes.

So one goes across, two goes down, and three goes across.

So pause the video here, give yourself enough time to have a go at completing this puzzle, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at the answers? So, a civilian is someone who is not part of the armed forces.

The evacuation was known as Operation Pied Piper.

An evacuee is a person who has been moved to another place for safety.

So you can see there how those words fit into that puzzle.

Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of this lesson.

We're going to explore the Blitz.

When France was invaded by Nazi Germany in June 1940, Britain became the next target.

As well as the risk of bombing, there was a risk that Britain could be invaded by Nazi Germany.

Thousands more evacuees were sent on ships abroad to places like North America, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand to keep them safe from potential attack.

A heavy bombing started in 1940 in major British cities such as Liverpool, Swansea, and Plymouth and Sheffield, Birmingham, Coventry, and London.

This was the first time there had been mass bombing against British civilians.

The reason for the bombing was to destroy morale and areas with factories and industries essential for the war.

For example, Sheffield was a target because lots of steel-making for weapons and machines were produced there.

Cities like Plymouth and Liverpool were also targeted for being port cities where supplies and food would be brought in by ships from abroad.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Why was Nazi Germany bombing British cities in World War II? To destroy farmland, to destroy churches, to destroy industrial areas and morale.

Pause the video here, have a discussion with your partner, and when you're ready to hear the answer, press play.

What did you think? If you said to destroy industrial areas and morale, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

Now, the night-time bombing attacks on major British cities from September 1940 to May 1941 is known as the Blitz.

The Blitz turned towns and cities into rubble.

Civilians that have not been evacuated faced bombing raids, injuries, and homelessness.

They spent nights in air raid shelters, tube stations, basements, and cellars to avoid the bombing.

You can see there are photo of a German bomber plane over the River Thames in 1940.

How terrifying that must have been when that bombing happened at night.

Public shelters could be very cold and crowded and noisy, so people brought in musical instruments, radios, and did performances to help keep up morale.

Have a look at that photo there of the musicians in a tube station in London in 1940 while those people are taking shelter from that bombing at night.

They're trying to forget about it listening to the music in that tube station there.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Identify whether each statement is true or false.

Indicate your answers with a tick for true or a cross for false.

Evacuees were sent to other countries in 1940.

Cities with industries essential for the war were bombed.

All children were evacuated from the cities.

People tried to keep up morale by playing instruments in air raid shelters.

So pause the video here, have a discussion with your partner, which of these statements are true and false and indicate your answers with a tick or a cross.

Press play when you are ready to continue.

How did you get on? Shall we take a look? So evacuees were sent to other countries in 1940.

Cities with industries essential for the war were bombed.

All children were evacuated from the cities, that is not true.

And people tried to keep up morale by playing instruments in air raid shelters, that is true.

So three of the statements were true and one was false.

This brings us to our second learning task.

Can you write a sentence to explain why there was bombing in British cities from 1940? And then can you write a sentence to explain why many evacuees were sent abroad? You could use the words below to help you: morale, industry, safe, invasion.

So pause the video here and give yourself enough time to write those sentences, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did you get on? Shall we take a look at an example? So your answers could include: there was bombing in British cities from 1940 because Nazi Germany wanted to destroy morale and important areas for industry.

Many evacuees were sent abroad to be kept safe from the risk of invasion from Nazi Germany.

Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move into the final part of this lesson.

We're going to explore returning home.

When evacuees were able to return to the cities after the war ended in 1945, their lives and families were completely different.

Most evacuees had made new friends, grew to love their foster families, and experienced a different way of life.

Back in the cities, the war had affected their homes, education, food, and family life, and it was difficult for lots of children and their parents to adjust to them returning.

You can see in this photo here of children sitting on the rubble outside their home.

More than two million homes had been damaged or destroyed from bombing.

Some evacuees were homeless when they returned.

Let's take a moment here to pause.

How many homes had been damaged or destroyed during World War II? 10,000, 200,000, one million, or two million? Pause the video here, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said two million, you're absolutely right.

Now, the war also disrupted the education of many children.

School buildings had been damaged by bombing, and there were not enough teachers, books, paper, or even tables and chairs.

During the war, lessons had happened in fields, cellars, and basements, and even in the underground stations during air raids.

Attendance was very low and lots of children were never able to catch up on what they had missed across the five years of war.

Take a look at that photo there, children having a lesson in a London Underground station, I don't think that would've been a very nice place to do some learning.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Select all the ways that children's lives were affected by the Second World War.

They were separated from their families.

They ate more meat.

They did not go to school regularly.

They made new friends.

So select all the ways that children's lives were affected by the Second World War.

Pause the video here, have a discussion with your partner, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said that they were separated from their families, they did not go to school regularly, and they made new friends, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

This brings us to our final learning task.

Laura is thinking about evacuation in Britain during the Second World War.

Now, can you identify the three mistakes in Laura's statement? She says, "Civilians were evacuated two days after the war began in September 1939.

For safety, they travelled away from areas where there was a low risk of bombing.

In 1940, some children were even sent to live in other countries.

This changed the lives of millions of children forever because, when they returned, life was the same.

Everything was different, including their families, homes, and schools." So can you identify the three mistakes there in Laura's statement? Pause the video here, give yourself enough time, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did you get on? Shall we take a look at where those mistakes are? So, "Civilians were evacuated two days after the war began in September 1939." So that was the first mistake, that word after.

"For safety, they travelled away from areas where there was a low risk of bombing." So there's the second mistake, the low risk.

"In 1940, some children were even sent to live in other countries.

This changed the lives of millions of children forever because, when they returned home, life was the same." There's the third mistake.

"Everything was different, including their families, homes, and schools." So, those are the three mistakes.

Well done if you spotted those.

Now, can you rewrite Laura's incorrect sentences? So those three sentences with those mistakes in, can you correct them by rewriting the sentence? Pause the video here, make sure that you've got a pen and some paper to write those sentences out, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at what you could have written? So your answers could have included this.

So, "Civilians were evacuated two days before the war began in September 1939." So that mistake of after was actually the word before.

"For safety, they travelled away from areas where there was a high risk of bombing." So instead of low risk, it's the high risk of bombing that they needed to get away from.

"In 1940, some children were even sent to live in other countries.

This changed the lives of millions of children forever, because when they returned, life was different." Not the same.

"Everything was different, including their families, homes, and schools." Well done for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we have learnt about bombing and evacuation.

During the Second World War, there was mass bombing against British civilians for the first time.

Two days before the war began in September 1939, millions of children were evacuated from the cities.

Nazi Germany targeted British cities in 1940 to 1941, hoping to destroy British industry and morale.

This is known as the Blitz.

For many evacuees, it was an exciting adventure and was the first time they had been to the countryside, seen farm animals, or eaten vegetables.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today, and I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.