Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant turning points, and in particular, looking at the question, how did experiences differ during World War II? So, shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to explain how the Second World War was a turning point in many different ways for the British people.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The key words we'll be using today are conscripted, civilian, turning point, permanent.

I'm gonna say this again and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Conscripted, civilian, turning point, permanent.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Here are some definitions for each of our keywords.

When people are forced to join the armed forces, they are conscripted.

A civilian is someone who is not part of the armed forces.

A turning point in history is an idea, event, or action that leads to permanent change.

Something that is permanent will last a very long time.

Pause the video here to make a note of the keywords, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we will be working through together in today's lesson.

Changes to life in Britain.

Why was World War II a turning point? In the first learning cycle, we will explore changes to life in Britain.

When Britain and France declared war on Nazi Germany on the 3rd of September, 1939, the lives of millions of people were changed forever.

The Second World War lasted for six years, from 1939 to 1945, and affected men, women, and children across the globe.

You can see in this image here a map of Europe showing countries that were invaded by Nazi Germany before 1939.

All men in Britain aged between 18 and 41 were conscripted to join the armed forces and left their families behind.

They were joined by millions more from across the British empire.

You can see in this Together recruitment poster, some of the different people from across the British Commonwealth of Nations.

Lots of men from across the British Empire joined the armed forces.

Soldiers fought together across three continents of the world on land, air, and sea.

Most have never travelled before and mixed with people who had different cultures, beliefs, and languages to them.

Take a look at that photo there of the men in the Royal Air Force in World War II.

Lots of different people came together and met during the Second World War.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

How did the lives of men between the ages of 18 and 41 in Britain change in 1939? They had to move house.

They had to get married.

They were conscripted to join the armed forces.

They met people from around the world.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

How did the lives of men change between the ages of 18 and 41 in Britain in 1939? And when you are ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said they were conscripted to join the armed forces and they met people from around the world, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

The lives of women in Britain changed from doing domestic roles to doing jobs left behind by the men who went to war.

From 1941, they were conscripted for war work.

You can see here from this WAAF poster how they wanted people to come and join.

You can see from this WAAF poster how they wanted women to come and join the Women's Air Force.

Women worked in factories, farming, or could join the Auxiliary Territorial Service, the ATS, or the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, the WAAF, or the Women's Royal Naval Service, the WRNS.

Nurses were essential during World War II and many travelled across the globe, going closer to the front lines than ever before.

Nurses in Britain learned to treat war-related injuries of both civilians and wounded soldiers.

You can see in this photo here of nurses helping to carry a wounded soldier in Normandy in 1944.

So they got really close to those front lines.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

How did the lives of women and nurses in Britain change during World War II? They had to do war work.

They had to get married.

They had to become soldiers.

Nurses had to go closer to the front lines.

What do you think? Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

How did the lives of women and nurses in Britain change during World War II? And restart the video when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said that they had to do war work and the nurses had to go closer to the front lines, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

Men and women came to Britain to join the armed forces from all over the British Empire and from countries that had been invaded by Nazi Germany.

When the war ended in 1945, many of these people chose to stay and settle in Britain, bringing their families to join them.

You can see in this photo here some Polish fighter pilots in 1940.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Ethnic diversity in Britain increased after people stayed and settled once the war was over.

Is that true or false? Hmm, what do you think? If you said that's true, you are absolutely right.

Now, which of these two statements would help to justify that answer? These included people from all over the British Empire and from countries that had been invaded by Nazi Germany.

These were only people from countries that had been invaded by Nazi Germany.

So pause the video here.

Give yourself enough time.

Discuss with your partner, which of these two statements helps to justify your answer? And press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said that these included people from all over the British Empire and from countries that had been invaded by Nazi Germany, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

In 1939, civilians were evacuated from areas of Britain that were at high risk of bombing if war broke out.

Millions of children left their homes to join families in the countryside.

Some had never seen farm animals before.

Now, civilians who stayed in the cities spent many nights in air raid shelters and faced houselessness, injuries, and the loss of loved ones.

After the war, lots of areas of Britain needed rebuilding and 750,000 new homes had to be built.

You can see in that photo of a street there in Britain how destroyed it had become during the war.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

How did the lives of children change during the Second World War? Have a quick discussion with your partner.

Pause the video here, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? Well, millions of children were evacuated to the countryside to live with new families.

And when many children returned to their cities at the end of the war, their homes had been destroyed by bombing.

The lives of everyone in Britain changed when the government introduced rationing during the war.

To make sure that everyone was able to have enough food to eat, everyone had to follow the rules, including the Royal Family.

People in the cities and the countryside were encouraged to grow their own vegetables, which were not rationed.

Lots of city children had never even eaten vegetables before and their diet became healthier.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Choose all the groups of people that were affected by the Second World War, women, men, children.

So pause the video here, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you select? If you said women, men, and children, then you are absolutely right.

All of these groups of people were affected by the Second World War.

This brings us to our first learning task.

Who experienced these changes during the war? Put a tick into the correct columns.

So we have some statements down the side and we've got children, women, and men, so you put a tick next to the people if they experienced these changes during the war.

So had their food rationed, were evacuated to the countryside, left domestic roles to do war work, were conscripted to the armed forces to fight, worked as nurses and learned to treat new injuries.

So take the first one, for example, had their food rationed.

Did children, women, and/or men experience these changes during the war? Put a tick if they did.

Pause the video here, give yourself enough time to do that learning task, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

How did you get on? Shall we take a look? So your answers could include in the first one, all of these groups of people, children, women, and men, had their food rationed, but only children and women were evacuated to the countryside.

It was women that left their domestic roles to do war work.

Men were conscripted to the armed forces to fight, and women worked as nurses and learned to treat new injuries.

Well done if you got that right.

Now, who experienced these changes after the war? Put a tick in the correct columns.

People who had left other countries to join the armed forces in Britain decided to stay and live in Britain.

Their homes were rebuilt.

They knew more about vegetables and animals because of their evacuation experiences.

They had proven they could do jobs that used to be for men.

So pause the video here.

Give yourself enough time to put a tick into the correct columns.

Who experienced these changes after the war? Press play when you are ready to continue.

How did you get on? Let's take a look, shall we? Your answers could include that all children, women, and men who had left other countries to join the armed forces in Britain decided to stay and live in Britain.

Children, women, and men, their homes were rebuilt.

For children, they knew more about vegetables and animals because of their evacuation experiences.

And women had proven they could do jobs that used to be for men.

Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of this lesson.

Why was World War II a turning point? So, the Second World War affected the lives of everyone in Britain in some way? Lucas is asking.

Well, that's right.

And even after the war ended, things couldn't go back to how they were before.

And Izzy is saying that homes, schools, and cities had to be rebuilt.

Rationing continued for years.

Family members were very different when they saw each other again.

Some soldiers didn't come home from war.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

After sec.

Let's take a moment.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

After World War II ended, things went back to how they were before.

Is that statement true or false? What do you think? If you said that that is false, you are absolutely right.

Now, which of these two statements helps to justify your answer? The war changed the lives of women and men only.

The war changed many different things like homes, families and food, and affected many different people.

Pause the video here, have a discussion with your partner, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said the war changed many different things like homes, families and food, and affected many different people, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

Historians say that the Second World War was a turning point for many people.

A turning point in history is an idea, event, or action that leads to change, and this change will usually be permanent.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Can you change one word in the sentence below to make it correct? A turning point is something that leads to temporary changes.

Hmm.

Pause the video here and when you are ready to receive the answer, press play.

What did you think? What was that one word that we could change to make this sentence correct? Well, a turning point is something that leads to permanent changes.

So well done if you changed the word temporary to permanent.

We're now ready to have a go at our final learning task.

Choose one or two of the groups below, men, children, women, and write a paragraph to explain how the Second World War was a turning point for that group of people in Britain.

A good answer will include specific examples of changes, the word because and at least three sentences, and the word permanent.

So pause the video here, make sure you've got a pen and some paper, and you give yourself enough time to choose one or two of the groups below, men, children, and women, and write a paragraph to explain how the Second World War was a turning point for that group of people in Britain.

And restart the video when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So your answer could include, the Second World War was a turning point for men.

This is because in 1939 they were conscripted to join the armed forces in Britain if they were between the ages of 18 and 41.

The changes to their lives were permanent because they had travelled around the world and met new people with different cultures.

When they returned home, their lives might not have been the same because cities had been destroyed and family members were very different.

So that's how it changed for men.

For women, your answer could include, The Second World War was a turning point for women.

This is because in 1939 women had to do the jobs that the men had left behind when they went to fight.

This was a change because before the war they had mostly done domestic roles and in 1941 they were conscripted for war work.

Their new jobs included working in factories, farming, and joining services like the ATS, WAAF, and the WRNS.

The changes were permanent because they learned new skills and had proven they could do men's jobs.

And finally, how it changed for children.

The Second World War was a turning point for children.

This is because in 1939, millions were separated from their families and evacuated from cities to the countryside.

Some city children saw farm animals and ate vegetables for the first time, and because of this, they often ate better food during the war.

When some children returned to the cities, their homes had been destroyed by bombing.

The changes to their lives were permanent because they grew up during the war and often missed years of school.

Well done if you wrote a paragraph about one of those groups, men, women, and children.

And well done for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about the experiences and how they differed during the Second World War.

The Second World War affected everyone in Britain.

The experiences of men, women, and children during the war were very different.

The global war brought people to Britain from the empire and places that had been invaded by Nazi Germany.

Soldiers and civilians in Britain experienced new places, cultures, and ways of life.

The Second World War was a turning point because it was an event that brought permanent changes to the lives of people globally and in Britain.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson.

I hope you enjoyed learning about how experiences differed during World War II.

I certainly did.

I hope to see you for another unit of learning.

See you then.