Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant turning points and in particular, looking at the question, how did experiences differ during World War II? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to recall some key information about the Second World War.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are Nazi Germany, Poland, ration.

I'm going to say those again and I would like you to repeat them after me.

Nazi Germany.

Poland.

Ration.

Good job.

Let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Here are definitions for each of our keywords.

When Germany was governed by a group of people called the Nazis, it was called Nazi Germany.

Poland is a country that lies between Germany and Russia.

When there is not enough of something, a ration is the small amount that each person is allowed to have.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson.

How was Britain involved in the start of World War II? How did life change in Britain during World War II? How did the changes affect people after the war? In the first learning cycle, we will explore how Britain was involved in the start of World War II.

From 1936 to 1939, Nazi Germany invaded other countries around them, such as Austria and Czechoslovakia.

The governments in countries like Britain and France had asked the Nazis to stop, but they continued.

It was clear that the next country that they would invade was going to be Poland, as it was near to Nazi Germany.

Can you take a look at the map there of Europe showing countries invaded by Nazi Germany before 1939? On the first of September, 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland.

And earlier that year, in March 1939, the British and French governments had already made promises to defend Poland if Nazi Germany ever invaded.

So take a look at the map there, you can see where Poland is and where Germany is.

Let's pause for a moment and check our understanding.

Which two counties had promised to defend Poland? Germany, Britain, Australia, France.

Pause the video here and when you're ready to get the answer, press play.

What did you think? If you said it was Britain and France, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

The British and French governments told Nazi Germany that if the German soldiers did not leave Poland, they would declare war on Nazi Germany, however, Nazi Germany did not listen.

The German soldiers did not leave Poland and so on the third of September, 1939, Britain and France declared war on Nazi Germany.

This was the beginning of the Second World War, which is also known as World War II.

Let's take a moment and pause.

Choose the date that Britain and France declared war on Nazi Germany.

Was it on the first of September 1939, the third of September 1939 or the third of September 1940? Have a quick discussion with your partner.

What do you think? Pause the video here and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said the third of September 1939, you're absolutely right, well done.

This bring us to our first learning task.

I'd like you to label the map with how each of these countries were involved in the start of World War II.

So Britain and France were involved because.

Nazi Germany was involved because.

And Poland was involved because.

So give yourself enough time to label the map with how each of these countries were involved in the start of World War II and use each of those sentence starters there to help you.

Pause the video here and when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at some answers? So Britain and France were involved because they had promised to protect Poland and so declared war on the third of September, 1939.

Nazi Germany was involved because it had invaded lots of countries including Poland from 1936 to 1939.

And Poland was involved because Nazi Germany had invaded it in 1939.

Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of this lesson.

We're going to explore how life changed in Britain during World War II.

World War II lasted for six years, from 1939 to 1945, and changed the lives of many people in Britain.

This included men who were sent away war as soldiers and had to leave their families behind.

When war was declared, all men aged between 18 and 41 had to join the armed forces.

There were many recruitment posters produced at the time that emphasised how important it was to help Britain, however, the number of British soldiers were still not enough for them to win the war against Nazi Germany.

So Britain turned to its empire for help.

So taking a look at that poster there, the Territorial Army recruitment poster, how do you think this poster persuaded men to join the armed forces? What do you think? Mm, some interesting images and interesting words.

Join the Territorial Army.

Five million of the 8.

5 million people that joined the armed forces came from Britain.

The rest came from countries in the British Empire, such as India, Canada, Australia, South Africa and New Zealand.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Which of these countries fought with Britain during World War II? India, Germany, South Africa, Australia.

What do you think? Pause the video here and when you're ready to continues, press play.

What did you think? If you said India, South Africa and Australia, you're absolutely right, well done.

Life changed in many ways for women in Britain too, for example, they had to fill the jobs that the men had left behind when they went to war.

In 1938, the Auxiliary Territorial Service, the ATS, was set up for the women to fill jobs in the army, such as cooks, secretaries, store workers and drivers.

There were recruitment posters produced to encourage women to sign up to help their country too.

Let's have a look at this recruitment poster.

Women with a will to win.

Join the ATS.

How do you think this poster persuaded women? Mm, interesting.

Do you think it would've persuaded you? As a result, women from all over Britain and the British Empire joined the ATS, even the young Queen Elizabeth the Second, when she was still a princess, joined.

You can see a photo of Princess Elizabeth there in the ATS.

Life also changed for children in Britain during World War II.

When the war began in 1939, lots of cities across the country were at risk of being bombed by Nazi Germany.

Thousands of children were sent away from their homes in the cities to live with strangers in the British countryside.

This was known as evacuation and the children who were evacuated we called evacuees.

The evacuees were sent away for their own safety as the countryside was less likely to be bombed than the cities.

The evacuees were put on trains or boats to the countryside with a written label attached to them with their name and where they came from.

Many children did not return to the cities and their families until the war was over.

Have a look at that photo of British children being evacuated.

I wonder how those children would've felt leaving all of their family behind? Well, you can see in the photograph, there's some children that are very young.

Even though it was important for their safety, it would've still been very hard for evacuees to say goodbye to their parents and sometimes they were sent to live in different places than their brothers and sisters.

They also had to join a new school where they might not know anybody else, however, lots of evacuees really enjoyed their time in the countryside and made new friends even though they missed home.

They saw evacuation as an adventure.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Where were British children sent for safety during World War II? The cities, the countryside, another country.

Have a quick discussion with your partner.

Pause the video and restart when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? If you said the countryside, you're absolutely right, well done.

Another way that life changed for everyone in Britain during World War II was to do with food.

Before the war, lots of food was shipped to Britain from abroad, however, during the war, ships carrying food were often attacked by the enemy and so there was less food arriving in Britain.

In 1940, the British government needed to introduce food rationing to make sure that the available food was being shared equally and everyone was able to eat.

Everyone in Britain was given a ration book with coupons inside.

There's a photo of a ration book there.

Now, people used the coupons in the ration book to buy things like sugar, meat, cheese and even clothes.

Sometimes people had to queue for hours to get the things that they needed.

Fruits and vegetables were not rationed though as government posters encouraged people to grow their own with phrases like, "Dig for victory." You can see that "Dig for Victory" poster there.

So for their sake, grow your own vegetables.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

This statement, life only changed for soldiers during World War II, is that true or false? What do you think? It is false.

And how do we justify our answer? We got two statements to help justify our answer.

Life changed for everyone during World War II including for women and children.

Life only changed for children during World War II.

What do you think? Have a quick discussion with your partner and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said that life changed for everyone during World War II, including for women and children, you're absolutely right, well done.

This brings us on to our second learning task.

I'd like you to complete the sentences below about how life changed for people during World War II.

So the first one, lots of women's lives changed because.

Lots of children's lives changed because.

What people ate in Britain changed because.

So pause the video here, give yourself enough time to complete the sentences below about how life changed for people during World War II and restart the video when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Let's take a look, shall we? You could've written, "Lots of women's lives changed because they learned to do the jobs that men had done before they went to war.

Lots of children's lives changed because they were evacuated from their homes and families in the cities to live in the countryside for their safety.

And what people ate in Britain changed because the British government gave everyone their own ration book and people were encouraged to grow their own vegetables." Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the third part of this lesson.

We're going to explore how the changes affected people after the war.

The Second World War changed the lives of everyone in Britain at the time, however, the changes it brought were also long-lasting, because when the war ended, life did not just return to how it was before.

For example, even though the war ended in 1945, rationing did not end in Britain until almost 10 years later in 1954.

British people still had ration books and sometimes queued for hours waiting for items or items sold out before everyone could buy what they needed.

Goodness, look at that photo of a queue for rations in London there after the war.

That is quite a long queue for things.

Similarly, when evacuees were able to return to the cities after the war, life was very different to how it had been before they left.

Many evacuees had been away for five years and had not seen their families at all during that time.

Sadly, their homes and schools in the cities had often been destroyed by bombs and sometimes they had also lost loved ones.

Britain's town and cities would have looked very different to returning evacuees as many of them needed lots of rebuilding.

You can see that photo of a street in Britain how it'd been destroyed during the war.

Another way that people's lives were changed after the war was that people from the British Empire moved to Britain.

This was because thousands of soldiers from across the globe had fought for Britain and they were invited by the British government, alongside their families, to live in Britain and to help rebuild after the war.

This meant that after World War II, there was an increase in people with different languages and cultures settling in Britain.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Can you choose the correct word to complete each sentence about how people were affected after World War II? So we have food rationing continued in Britain until, you've got to choose between 1945 or 1954.

Evacuees sometimes found that their homes were either destroyed or unharmed when they returned after the war.

And the British government invited people from around the world or UK to help rebuild after the war.

So in those three sentences, choose between in the first one, 1945 or 1954, in the second one, destroyed or unharmed and in the third one, world or UK.

So pause the video here.

Have a quick discussion with your partner and when you're ready to continues, press play.

What did you think? Shall we take a look? So food rationing continued in Britain until 1954.

Evacuees sometimes found that their homes were destroyed when they returned after the war.

And the British government invited people from around the world to help rebuild after the war.

Well done if you got those correct.

This brings us to our final learning task.

Lucas says that World War II changed people's lives in lots of ways at the time and even after it was over.

Izzy says that World War II changed people's lives only when it was happening.

After the war everything went back to normal.

Do you agree with Lucas or Izzy? Tell your learning partner your ideas.

So what do you think? And then I'd like you to write two sentences explaining your decision.

I'd like you to use evidence from this lesson to support your answer.

So pause the video here.

First of all have a discussion with your learning partner who do you agree with.

And then write two sentences explaining your decision and use evidence from this lesson to support your answer.

Pause the video here and when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? You might've said, "I agree with Lucas, because British people's lives did not just go back to how they were before once the war was over.

For example, people still had to ration food until 1954.

Houses and schools had been destroyed and many town and cities needed rebuilding with the help of people from the British Empire.

Well done for completing that learning task.

Now, before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about the outbreak of the Second World War.

The Second World War broke out in 1939 when Nazi Germany invaded Poland.

Britain and France declared war on Nazi Germany, because they had promised to defend Poland.

When war was declared, many people from all over the British Empire were encouraged to join the armed forces with recruitment posters.

The war lasted six years and brought many changes for those left at home, with children evacuated, ration books introduced and large areas of cities and town destroyed.

The Second World War has been seen as a turning point because of the long-lasting changes it caused to people's lives.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson and I hope to see you in the next one.

See you then.