Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping, and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant turning points, and in particular, looking at the question, how did experiences differ during World War II? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe how women's roles changed during the Second World War and explain why their roles changed.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are domestic, domestic service, conscription.

I'm going to say those again, and I would like you to repeat them after me, domestic, domestic service, conscription.

Good job.

Let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Here are the definitions of each of our keywords.

Things that are to do with the home are described as domestic.

Working in someone else's home is known as domestic service.

Forcing people to join the armed forces is known as conscription.

People in World War II were conscripted.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we will be working through together in today's lesson, conscription, the Auxiliary Territorial Service, the WAAF, and the WRNS.

In the first learning cycle, we will explore conscription.

During the First World War, or World War I, which lasted from 1914 to 1918, women had done lots of important and varied jobs whilst the men were away fighting as soldiers.

However, after that war ended, most had gradually returned to domestic roles in the home.

This included taking care of the children, housework, sewing, and cooking.

Some women had jobs alongside their domestic roles.

These were often what was then considered women's jobs, such as nursing, working in shops, or being in domestic service.

In 1939, with hundreds of thousands of men away fighting in the Second World War, or World War II, women were once again needed by Britain to fill men's jobs.

Many women willingly volunteered and were encouraged by posters from the government, but by 1941, more women were still needed to fill the empty roles.

As a result, the British government passed a law called the National Service Act in December 1941 to introduce the conscription of women for war work.

Have a look at that poster there, the "You Are Wanted Too" poster for women, interesting.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

When did the British government introduce conscription for women, 1939, 1940, 1941, or 1942? What do you think? Pause the video here, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said 1941, you're absolutely right, well done.

Conscripted women could work in farming, munitions factories, aircraft and tank factories, or in shipbuilding.

They could also join one of the uniformed services, the ATS, the WAAF, or the WRNS.

At first, only single women aged 20 to 30 were called up.

However, as the war continued, more and more women were expected to join the war effort.

By 1943, almost 90% of single women and 80% of married women were employed in essential war work in hundreds of different roles, working in factories on the land or in the armed forces.

Many of these women still did all the domestic jobs at home and did their new jobs as well.

These jobs included working as builders, engineers, mechanics, pilots, drivers, and boat crew, as well as in communications, air defence, transport, the fire service, the fishing industry, agriculture, and intelligence.

Women were paid around one-third less than men, even though they were doing the same jobs.

Women often worked long hours and in dangerous conditions, particularly in factories.

Yet lots of these women fondly remember it as one of the best times of their lives.

As for many, it was a completely new experience and very different from their pre-war lives.

Look at that fantastic photo there of a woman working as a mechanic in World War II.

It must have been so exciting to do something new that you'd never done before.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

What do these posters tell us about the roles of women and how those changed in Britain during World War II? So pause the video here.

Give yourself enough time.

Have a quick discussion with your partner.

What do these posters tell us about how the roles of women changed in Britain during World War II? And restart the video when you're ready to continue.

What did you think? Well, the posters tell us that women were no longer expected to stay at home and do domestic work.

Instead, they were needed to work to help Britain win the war.

They were part of the war effort.

This brings us to our first learning task.

I'd like you to complete the sentences below.

Before World War II, most women worked in, during World War II, women had different jobs such as, and conscription means.

Hmm, have a think.

Make sure you have a pen and some paper to complete these sentences below.

Pause the video here.

Give yourself enough time and restart the video when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at some examples? So your answers may include, before World War II, most women worked in nursing, shops, or in domestic service.

During World War II, women had different jobs such as shipbuilding, pilots, mechanics, and fire engine drivers.

Conscription means forcing people to join the armed forces.

Well done if you were able to complete those sentences.

Good job for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of this lesson.

We're going to look at the Auxiliary Territorial Service.

The Auxiliary Territorial Service, or ATS, was formed in 1938 and was the women's branch of the British Army during World War II.

This was the largest of the Women's Armed Forces, and over 250,000 women served in the ATS during World War II.

Even Princess Elizabeth was a member at age 19.

She trained as a driver and mechanic.

At the start of the war, ATS members had mainly been employed as cooks, cleaners, and secretaries, and were banned from battle.

Later in the war, as more men left to fight and conscription was introduced, members of the ATS became radar operators, military police, used anti-aircraft search lights, and were tank mechanics.

Even though they were trusted to do these jobs, they were still not allowed to fight or use weapons.

So you can see that photo there of ATS women using a search light to find enemy planes at night.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Which of these could women not do in the ATS, use anti-aircraft search lights, be military police, use weapons, be tank mechanics? What do you think? Pause the video here, and when you're ready to get the answer, press play.

What did you think? If you said use weapons, you're absolutely right, well done.

It was not just women from Britain who helped the war effort.

Women came from all over the British Empire to fulfil the roles needed.

Around 4,000 of the 5,000 members of the ATS who served in the Middle East were local women, and about 300 women from the Caribbean served in the West Indies branch of the ATS.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Jun is thinking about the women who worked in the ATS during World War II.

Is Jun correct? Discuss your ideas with a partner.

So Jun says, "The women that were in the ATS were only from Britain." What do you think? Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

Is Jun correct? And restart the video when you're ready to continue.

<v ->What did you think?</v> Well, Jun is incorrect.

There's thousands of women from all over the British Empire joined the ATS, for example, from the Caribbean and the West Indies.

Let's take a moment now to have a go at our second learning task.

I'd like you to write a label for this object so that it can be displayed in a museum.

Here are some sentence-starters to help you.

This poster was used to, it shows that women's roles changed or stayed the same during World War II compared to their lives before.

Women were important for the war effort because.

So give yourself enough time here.

Grab yourself a pen and some paper to have a go at writing a label for this object so it can be displayed in a museum.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So this poster was used to encourage women to join the ATS.

It shows that women's roles changed during World War II compared to their lives before.

Women were important for the war effort because they filled the jobs the men left behind when they went to war.

Well done if you wrote a label similar to that and for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the third part of our lesson.

We're going to have a look at the WAAF and the WRNS.

The Women's Auxiliary Air Force, the WAAF was created in 1939 and was the women's branch of the British Air Force.

The women who joined the WAAF had almost 50 different nationalities.

Let's take a moment.

Is this statement true or false? The WAAF was the same as the ATS.

Is that true or false? Hmm, what do you think? If you said that that was false, you're absolutely right.

Which of these two statements helps to justify your answer? The WAAF was the women's branch of the British Army, and the ATS was the women's branch of the Royal Air Force.

The WAAF was the women's branch of the Royal Air Force, and the ATS was the women's branch of the British Army.

What do you think? Take a moment to have a quick discussion with your partner.

Pause the video here, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said that the WAAF was the women's branch of the Royal Air Force, and the ATS was the women's branch of the British Army, you're absolutely right, well done.

Now, the women in the WAAF did really important jobs like fixing planes, checking plane safety, and forecasting the weather before air raid attacks on Nazi Germany.

They also studied photos of enemy targets and plotted the positions of enemy aircraft on huge table maps.

The women of the WAAF were not allowed to fly the planes into battle.

Have a look at that photo there of the WAAF plotters at a table map.

Can you see how huge that map is? That must have been a really interesting job to do.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Choose all the roles that women in the WAAF could do during World War II, fly planes, fix planes, study photos of enemy targets, forecast weather before air raids.

What do you think? Pause the video here.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? Shall we take a look? They could fix planes.

They could study photos of enemy targets, and they could forecast weather before air raids.

The only thing that they couldn't do was fly the planes.

The Women's Royal Naval Service, the WRNS, was originally created in 1918 for World War I, but it was formed again in 1939 and was the women's branch of the British Navy during World War II.

The WRNS was the women's branch of the British Air Force, British Navy, British Army.

What do you think? Let's check our understanding here.

Pause the video.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? Did you say that the WRNS was the women's branch of the British Navy? If you did, you're absolutely right, well done.

The women who worked in the WRNS were nicknamed the wrens and did around 200 different jobs in the British Navy.

It was essential for them to properly check and repair ships.

So they were trained as carpenters and welders to do these jobs.

If they knew different languages, they were used to intercept and translate enemy messages.

Look at this photo here of the wrens women moving a torpedo for a submarine.

Many of these women were part of the planning and organisation of important Navy operations.

Others worked on top-secret code-breaking operations at Bletchley Park in Milton Keynes, where they successfully worked on breaking secret German and Japanese military codes.

This code-breaking operation was very important in helping Britain win the war.

Let's pause here and check our understanding.

Izzy and Andeep are discussing the women who were in the WRNS.

Are either of them incorrect? So Izzy says, "The women in the WRNS were essential to the British Navy, as they filled the jobs the men left behind." And Andeep says, "The women in the WRNS were trusted with important jobs." So are either of them incorrect? Have a discussion with your partner.

Pause the video here and give yourself enough time.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? Shall we have a look? Well, they are both correct.

The women in the WRNS were trusted to repair ships, were involved in planning important operations and in top-secret code breaking.

Without them, the men would not have been able to do their jobs in active service on the ships in the Navy.

Well done if you discussed these ideas with your partner.

This brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to write one paragraph to describe how women's roles changed during World War II and explain why their roles changed.

You could include these words and phrases, domestic service, conscription, men, volunteered, left behind, top-secret, planes, mechanics.

So pause the video here.

Give yourself enough time.

Make sure that you have a pen and some paper.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example paragraph? Your answer could have included, before World War II, women mostly looked after the home or were in domestic service.

This changed during World War II because women were needed to fill the jobs that the men left behind.

At first, women volunteered, but in 1941, conscription was introduced.

They did jobs such as mechanics, repaired planes, ships, and even worked on top-secret code-breaking operations.

Well done for completing that learning task.

Now, before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about women in the armed forces.

Before the Second World War, most women were expected to take care of domestic matters and did not often work outside the home.

If women did work, they were mainly employed in textiles, shops, domestic service, or nursing.

Women had volunteered to work in roles such as munitions, aircraft and tank factories, in shipbuilding, or farming.

But by December 1941, conscription needed to be introduced for war work for women.

Women joined the armed forces as part of the WAAF, ATS, or WRNS, doing essential jobs to allow the men to be free to go and fight.

Well done.

Thank you for joining me in the lesson today, and I look forward to seeing you in the next one.

See you next time.