Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping, and I am really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant turning points.

And thinking about in what ways Britain changed after World War II? So, shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to describe the situation in Britain following the Second World War.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some key words.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The keywords we'll be using today are: bankrupt, election.

I'm going to say those again, and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Bankrupt, election.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Here are the definitions for each of our key words.

When a country, company or person has no money, they are declared bankrupt.

An election is when people vote to choose who they want to represent them in government.

Now, pause the video here to make a note of these keywords.

And when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson: Britain after World War II, the British government, rebuilding after the war.

In the first learning cycle, we will explore Britain after World War II.

When the Second World War ended in 1945, the British people celebrated being on the winning side, but they had a huge task ahead to rebuild the country.

During the war, 384,000 British soldiers and 70,000 civilians had lost their lives.

This changed families forever.

Every year, we remember them with a two-minute silence on the 11th of November.

There was no part of the country that had not been affected by the war.

More than 2 million homes had either been badly damaged or destroyed across England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Rebuilding these was difficult as factories, docks and transport had also been targeted by bombing.

There were shortages of building materials and it was difficult to transport materials and workers around the country.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Why was it difficult to rebuild after the war was over? Can you tell your learning partner your ideas? Pause the video here, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

How was your discussion? Shall we take a look at what your answer may include? Rebuilding was difficult because building materials were in short supply, and it was difficult to transport them to other areas of the country after transport networks had been damaged.

Now, adding to these problems, the British government had almost completely run out of money during the war and nearly became bankrupt.

Just one Spitfire plane in 1940 cost half a million pounds.

The British government borrowed billions of pounds from other countries like India and Canada, but also from the British people.

They used posters to encourage people to lend money to the government as war bonds.

People would get their money back in a few years with extra money added on as interest.

Other countries in the British Empire at the time also gave huge amounts of money.

Some gave enough to have entire Spitfire squadrons named after them.

Once the war was over, the British government still needed more money to rebuild the country.

And so people continued to lend the government money, but this time as victory bonds.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

What were three problems in Britain after World War II had ended? Factories and transport networks were damaged, more than 2 million houses were destroyed or damaged, the government needed lots of money, the cities were being bombed.

So pause the video here, what were three problems in Britain after World War II had ended? And press play when you're ready to hear the answers.

What did you think? If you said factories and transport networks were damaged, more than 2 million houses were destroyed or damaged, and the government needed lots of money, you are absolutely right, well done.

This brings us to our first learning task.

Can you read each of the problems in Britain after World War II had ended below? Add one sentence to each problem to describe it in more detail.

So factories and transport networks were damaged.

More than 2 million houses were destroyed or damaged.

The government needed lots of money.

To add one sentence to each of those three problems to describe them in more detail.

Pause the video here, give yourself enough time.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So for the first one, factories and transport networks were damaged, this made rebuilding houses after the war more difficult.

For the second one, more than 2 million houses were destroyed or damaged, this was across England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

And for the third one, the government needed lots of money, they also became bankrupt because the war was so expensive.

Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of this lesson.

We're going to explore the British government.

For most of World War II, from May, 1940 until July, 1945, the British Prime Minister was Winston Churchill.

As Prime Minister, he was the leader of the government, and his political party who were called the conservatives.

Churchill was very popular with most British people as he was seen as a key reason for Britain winning the wars.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

During World War II, the Prime Minister Winston Churchill had been part of which political party in Britain? The Labour Party, the War Party, or the Conservative Party.

What do you think? Pause the video here.

When you're ready to hear the answer, press play.

If you said the Conservative Party, you are absolutely right, well done.

Now during the war, many people realised that there was huge inequality in Britain.

For example, through evacuation, people discovered that lots of city children had never eaten vegetables before.

Additionally, parents had previously had to pay for their child to go to school.

Some parents struggled to afford to send their children to school at all.

Things began to change during the war when the government introduced the Dig for Victory campaign, which encouraged people to grow their own vegetables, and in 1944, when the government made school free.

Similarly, hospitals had been taken over by the government during the war to make sure that they could treat everyone that needed medical care.

Successful changes like this made people think that the government should continue to do more to help people in Britain after the war was over.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Can you choose the correct word to complete each sentence about how the government helped people during World War II? So, some of the poorest people in Britain were able to eat and choose worse/better diets because of the Dig for Victory campaign.

The government took over banks/hospitals to make sure everyone could get medical care.

The government made school places free/expensive for children.

So in the first one, choose between worse or better, and the second one, banks or hospitals, and the third one, free or expensive.

To pause the video here, have a discussion with your partner.

And when you are ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you chose these words here, some of the poorest people in Britain were able to eat better diets because of the big for Victory campaign, the governments took over hospitals to make sure everyone could get medical care, and the government made school places free for all children.

Well done if you got those correct.

As Britain is a democracy, the British people got to choose who ran the government by voting in an election in July, 1945, Churchill was confident that he would win the election, but he was wrong.

The British public chose another political party, the Labour Party, led by Clement Attlee.

The Conservative Party were known for keeping things the same, but the Labour Party wanted to change things.

The Labour Party had promised that they would continue to provide care for people and help rebuild the country.

And so the British people voted for them.

One of their promises was to build new houses, and the New Towns Act of 1946 made this happen.

Another promise they made was for free medical care for everyone, and so they created the National Health Service, the NHS in 1948.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

Which party won the election in Britain in 1945? The Labour Party, the War Party, or the Conservative Party? What do you think? If you said that it was the Labour Party, you are absolutely right, well done.

This brings us to our second learning task.

Sophia's statement is incorrect.

Can you rewrite it with the correct information? The Labour Party won the election in 1945 because they made promises to keep everything the same.

The British people did not think that life would be better if the government helped the people with things like medical care and rebuilding banks.

So pause the video here.

Give yourself enough time to rewrite Sophia's statement with the correct information.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example? So the Labour Party won the election in 1945 because they made promises to change things, not to keep them the same.

The British people did think that life would be better if the government helped the people with things like medical care and rebuilding houses, not banks.

Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move into the final part of this lesson.

We're going to explore rebuilding after the war.

At the end of the war, it was estimated 750,000 new homes were needed.

The 1946 New Towns Act set up organisations to build new towns across the country.

These would reduce overcrowding in the cities too.

Stevenage in Essex was the first, with 12 more by 1950, including Basildon and Crawley.

Between 1945 to 1955, 1 million new homes were built, many in the new towns.

To encourage people to live in these new towns, schemes were set up to offer jobs to those who were willing to leave the older cities.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Between 1945 and 1955, blank new homes were built in Britain.

So, how many new homes were built? 750,000, 1 million, or 2 million? So between 1945 and 1955, how many of those new homes were built in Britain? Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

And when you are ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? If you said 1 million new homes were built in Britain between 1945 and 1955? You are correct, well done now.

Now, factories and homes were rebuilt first.

Steel and important building material was still rationed after the war.

So as an alternative, new buildings were built with concrete instead, and in a more modern style.

It took 10 years for city centres to be rebuilt.

As cars were becoming very popular, the new streets were made wider to make space for cars and parking.

In most areas, there was not much effort to restore historical buildings that had been damaged by bombing.

And many old buildings were knocked down to make way for the new city plants.

Only a few important historical buildings such as Coventry Cathedral and the House of Commons in London were rebuilt.

That seems a shame, doesn't it? Let's take a moment to pause here.

Can you select all the features of rebuilt cities in Britain after World War II? Buildings made with concrete, lots of historical buildings, buildings made with steel, wider streets for more cars.

So pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

What are all the features of rebuilt cities in Britain after World War II? And press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? If you said buildings were made with concrete and they were wider streets for more cars, you are absolutely right, well done.

This brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to write one paragraph to explain why Britain was weak after World War II had ended.

You could use these words and phrases to help you: government, steel, borrow money, rebuilding, factories, bankrupt.

So pause the video here, give yourself enough time.

Make sure you have a pen and some paper, and write one paragraph to explain why Britain was weak after World War II had ended.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Let's take a look at an example, shall we? So your answer might look a bit like this.

Britain was weak after World War II had ended because thousands of people had lost their lives and the country needed rebuilding.

To do this, the government needed money, but they were nearly bankrupt, so they had to borrow money.

There was also a problem with rebuilding as steel was rationed because it was in short supply after so many factories had been destroyed by bombing.

Well done if you were able to write a paragraph like this.

Well done for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about the condition of Britain at the end of the Second World War.

Britain celebrated winning World War II in 1945, but the country was weak.

384,000 British soldiers and 70,000 civilians had lost their lives, and more than 2 million homes had been destroyed.

Britain spent so much money on the war that it was nearly bankrupt, and had to borrow billions of pounds to pay for it.

In 1945, the British people voted for a labour government in the election because they promised to help Britain recover.

Bombing campaigns had destroyed many homes and factories in Britain cities, making rebuilding difficult in the next 10 years.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today.

I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.