Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping and I am really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant turning points and thinking about in what ways Britain changed after World War II.

So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how the Second World War led to the creation of the NHS and the impact this had on the people of Britain.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The key words we'll be using today are healthcare, welfare state.

I'm gonna say those again and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Healthcare, welfare state, good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Here are the definitions for each of our keywords.

Healthcare refers to the system of medical services provided to individuals.

A welfare state is when a government provides basic services for the people in the country to help protect their wellbeing.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson.

Healthcare before 1939, the Beveridge Report, the National Health Service.

In the first learning cycle, we will explore healthcare before 1939.

Before the Second World War in 1939, healthcare in Britain was not run by the government.

The medical services that people could access depended on where they lived and how much money they had.

For example, industrialised towns and cities were often very overcrowded and did not have enough doctors to treat everyone.

Similarly, many working class people were very cold every winter as houses were only heated by one coal fire in the kitchen.

Being so cold meant that they were more likely to get ill.

Unfortunately, for many working class people in Britain, pain and illness was a normal part of life that they couldn't do much about.

Most working class children didn't eat enough vitamins for their bones to grow properly.

This could cause an illness called rickets, which means your bones are weaker, and so could break more easily.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Why did lots of working class children get a bone disease called rickets, they ate too many vegetables, they did not eat enough vitamins, they did not do enough exercise? Mm, what do you think? Pause the video here and when you are ready to hear the answer, press play.

If you said that they did not eat enough vitamins, you are absolutely right, well done.

Now instead of being born in hospitals like most babies are today, almost half of babies were born at home with the help of midwives.

If there was a problem, the GP would be called to the home.

Babies and children often got very ill and childhood diseases were common and deadly.

These included mumps, whooping cough, rickets, polio, and TB.

Now to stop infectious diseases spreading, children with those very infectious diseases, like diptheria or scarlet fever, were sent away to isolation hospitals, often away from their families for months at a time.

That would be quite terrifying, wouldn't it? To go to a hospital to stay there for quite some time without your family.

Let's take a moment to pause here and check our understanding.

True or false, childhood diseases were not very common in Britain before 1939.

Is that statement true or false? Mm, what do you think? If you said that that was false, you are absolutely right.

Now looking at these two statements here, which one would help to justify your answer? Only the childhood disease diptheria was very common, childhood diseases were very common and included rickets, TB, scarlet fever and diptheria.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner.

Which of these two statements helps to justify your answer? And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? What did you think? If you said that childhood diseases were very common and included rickets, TB, scarlet fever and diptheria, you are absolutely right, well done.

Now, everyone had to pay for healthcare before the Second World War.

The government had some schemes to help people, like national insurance.

Starting in 1911, working men who earned below a certain amount could pay some of their wages towards national insurance.

This allowed them to see a doctor if they needed to, but their wives or children could not.

Lots of women and children could not afford to see a doctor, and so they never did.

If they really needed to go to hospitals, there were some hospitals set up as a charity by rich individuals who wanted their names to be remembered, and some were created just to help those who were too poor to afford healthcare.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Who had to pay for healthcare before 1939, only women and children, only men, only rich people, everyone? Pause the video here, have a think about this question, and when you're ready to hear the answer, press play.

What did you think? If you said everyone, you are absolutely right, well done.

This brings us to our first learning task.

I'd like you to tell your learning partner what you know about healthcare before 1939 in Britain.

You could mention national insurance, childhood diseases and charity.

So pause the video here, give yourself enough time to complete this learning task and press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example answer? So you could have said in Britain before 1939, everyone had to pay for healthcare.

Some men could pay part of their wages as national insurance to help them see a doctor if they needed it.

Lots of children got childhood diseases like rickets.

Some people paid for hospitals to be named after them as a charity.

Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of this lesson.

We are going to explore the Beveridge Report.

When the second World War began in 1939, the government took responsibility for healthcare, including hospitals to ensure that soldiers and civilians affected by the war could receive the healthcare they needed immediately.

This showed people in Britain how much better things could be if the government ran the healthcare system all the time.

During the war in 1942, research into the lives of British people was carried out and was published as the Beveridge Report.

It was a best seller, as everyone in Britain wanted to read it.

It said that lots of people were very poor and facing five giant evils, which included diseases and unsafe housing.

Let's take a moment to pause here and check our understanding.

In which year was the Beveridge Report published, 1922, 1932, or 1942? Pause the video here, have a quick discussion with your partner.

In which year was the Beveridge Report published? And press play when you are ready to continue.

If you said that it was 1942, you are absolutely right, well done.

Now, the report had lots of recommendations for how the British government could help people, including a system allowing everyone access to maternity, child and unemployment benefits, as well as pensions.

Unfortunately, it was very common for people to lose their jobs and this new recommendation would mean that families could still eat even if that happened to them.

The report also recommended a new healthcare system which would allow everyone to access the same quality of medical services no matter where they lived or how much money they earned.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Aisha is thinking about the Beveridge Report.

Is she correct? She says, "The Beveridge Report was published to give recommendations for how to help improve the lives of the British people.

It said that many people were very poor and faced five giant evils." So pause the video here, have a discussion with your partner.

Is Aisha correct? And press when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? Well, Aisha is correct.

The report recommended that the government needed to help the British people.

This brings us to our second learning task.

Can you complete the table below about the Beveridge Report? Add at least two things to each side of the table.

So on one side it says what the British people were suffering from and on the other side, what the report recommended to help people.

So pause the video here and take some time.

You need to add at least two things to each side of the table.

You could add more if you wanted to.

Press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at some example answers? So your answer could have included what the British people were suffering from, you could have put poor housing, diseases and illness, and what the report recommended to help people were maternity benefits, pensions, and a healthcare system for everyone.

Well done for completing that learning task.

This brings us to the final part of this lesson.

We're going to take a look at the National Health Service.

In 1945, after the war was over, there was an election in Britain.

The Labour Party, led by Clement Atlee, won this election with a huge majority of votes.

They had promised the British people that they would follow the advice in the Beveridge Report if people voted for them.

They kept their promises and set up the system of benefits, known as the welfare state, to look after the sick, the unemployed, and children.

And this greatly improved the lives of many people.

On the 5th of July, 1948, the National Health Service, the NHS, was introduced to provide hospitals, doctors, nurses, pharmacists, opticians, and dentists for free for the first time in Britain.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding here.

When was the National Health Service introduced in Britain, June 1947, July 1948, August 1949? Pause the video here and when ready to continue, press play.

If you said July, 1948, you are absolutely right, well done.

Now, the government minister in charge of setting it all up was Nye Bevan and he had three aims, to help everyone, to make healthcare free and to give care that was not based on the ability to pay, which was a complete change and improvement from healthcare before the war.

The NHS was not only set up to treat illnesses, but also to encourage people to keep healthy and to prevent illnesses and diseases.

A good example of this is the polio vaccine, which was given out for free by the NHS in the 1950s.

It helped to stop polio in children, which had caused the deaths of many before the 1950s.

Today the NHS has a free vaccine programme to protect all children from diseases like meningitis, mumps, and whooping cough, and to keep them all healthy.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Can you put the events below into the correct order? The first one has been done for you.

So the first event is the Second World War begins.

So which of these events happened afterwards? We've got the Labour Party introduced the welfare state and the NHS, the Beveridge report is published, the Labour Party win the election, the polio vaccine stops polio in children, the Second World War ends.

So pause the video here, have a discussion with your partner.

Can you put these events into the correct order? And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at that order? So the first event, the Second World War begins, the second event, the Beveridge Report is published, and then the Second World War ends, the Labour Party then win the election, the Labour Party introduced the welfare state and the NHS and the polio vaccine stops polio in children.

Well done if you got those in the correct order.

This brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to write a paragraph to explain how the Second World War led to the creation of the NHS and the impact this had on the people of Britain.

You could include these words and phrases in your answer, Beveridge Report, Labour Party, welfare state, diseases, election, healthcare, recommendations, NHS.

So pause the video here, give yourself enough time to write that paragraph, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example answer? So during the Second World War, the government took control of healthcare to ensure everyone affected by war could receive treatment.

Then in 1942, the Beveridge Report said that many people were very poor and suffering from diseases and gave recommendations of how to help the people.

The Labour Party then promised to make these changes if people voted for them.

In 1945, they won the election and introduced the welfare state and the NHS in 1948 to make healthcare free for everyone.

And well done for completing that learning task.

Now, before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about the creation of the National Health Service.

Before World War II, healthcare was not run by the government and was different depending on where people lived and how much money they had.

Many people, especially women, could not afford healthcare and childhood illnesses like diptheria and polio were a big problem.

There was national insurance from the wages of men so they could receive healthcare if they needed it, but it didn't include their wives or children.

During the Second World War, the government took control of hospitals and this showed how much better things could be.

The labour government set up the welfare state and the National Health Service in 1948 with free healthcare for everyone, improving the health of the British people.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson and I hope to see you in the next one.

See you then.