Hello, my name is Mrs. Tipping, and I am really looking forward to learning with you today all about significant turning points, and thinking about in what ways Britain changed after World War II.

So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how changes to technology during the Second World War impacted British people's lives after the war.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during this lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The key words we'll be using today are housewife, domestic, appliance.

I'm gonna say those again, and I would like you to repeat them after me.

Housewife, domestic, appliance.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what each of these keywords mean.

Here are the definitions for each of our keywords.

A woman whose main job is caring for her family and doing the domestic tasks at home, is a housewife.

Things that are to do with the home are described as domestic.

An appliance is a machine in the home that is used to do a job such as cleaning, or cooking.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson.

The first computers and TVs, making domestic life easier.

In the first learning cycle, we are going to explore the first computers and TVs.

In the 1940s, the word computers referred to people, mostly women who did complex, mathematical calculations by hand.

During the Second World War, machines were developed to do these calculations much faster than humans could.

The women who had been doing the calculations learned how to programme the new machines instead.

Take a look at that photo there of a woman using one of the first computer calculations machines.

It's rather large, isn't it? Near the end of the war, British code breakers developed the Colossus machine, which was used to successfully break secret codes used by the Germans during the war.

Colossus is seen as the world's first electronic computer.

However, it was nothing like the computers we know today, and had lots of switches and plugs taking up a whole wall.

The wall helped to start the process of developing technology to make computers like the ones we have today.

You can see in that photo there, a Colossus code breaking computer machine.

It would've been quite daunting, all of those different switches, you'd have to learn a lot in terms of how to use it.

Let's take a moment to pause here and check our understanding.

What was the name of the world's first electronic computer? Enigma, Colossus, Microsoft? What do you think? Pause the video here and press play when you are ready to hear the answer.

If you said Colossus, you are absolutely right, well done.

Televisions or TVs had existed before the war, but most people could not afford them.

No new TVs were made during the war years, because manufacturing was focused on making technology for the war instead.

Take a look at that photo of a TV in the 1940s.

It's not a very big screen, is it? When the war was over and the TVs and radios were being made again, a very popular and much cheaper TV was the TV22.

In Britain, there was only one station, The British Broadcasting Corporation, the BBC, and all programmes were in black and white.

However, at the start of the 1950s, most families did not have a TV and spent their leisure time listening to the radio.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Can you decide if the statements below are true or false? Put a tick for the true or cross for the false to indicate your answer.

Televisions did not exist before World War II.

The TV22 was made in 1980.

All TV programmes were in black and white.

The BBC was the only TV channel.

Pause the video here and have a discussion with your partner and decide if these statements below are true or false.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at what is true and false? So televisions did not exist before World War II.

That is false.

The TV22 was made in 1980, that's also false.

All TV programmes were in black and white, that's true.

And the BBC was the only TV channel, that's also true.

One very important event in 1953 helped to change the fact that not many families had a TV.

It was the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II on the 2nd of June, 1953, at Westminster Abbey.

Cameras had never before been allowed inside Westminster Abbey for a coronation.

And the general public were excited to be able to watch the event live.

Families crowded into the home of anyone lucky enough to have a TV to watch the event.

By the 1960s, 75% of British homes had a TV, and watching TV had become a more popular leisure activity than listening to the radio.

TV also changed the living rooms of British homes as the TV replaced fireplaces in the middle of the room.

And furniture like coffee tables were designed to be lower so they were not blocking the TV.

Let's take a moment to pause here.

Who was correct about the development of technology during the Second World War and after it? So Jacob says, during the war, TVs were developed for people to have in their homes.

After the war, the first electronic computers were designed to do fast calculations.

Aisha says, during the war, the first electronic computers were designed to do fast calculations.

After the war, TVs were developed for people to have in their homes.

Hmm, who is correct here about the development of technology during the Second World War and after it? Pause the video here, have a discussion with your partner, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

What did you think? Shall we take a look? Aisha is the one that's correct in this instance.

TVs were not being made during the war because all technology was focused on winning the war.

For example, creating machines to do mathematical calculations quickly.

Well done if you got that correct.

This brings us to our first learning task.

Can you complete the sentences below? During the war, the first electronic computer was developed because_ TVs were not made during the war because? More people bought TVs because of an important event in 1953, which was_ By the 1960s, watching TV became a popular leisure activity for families than_ So pause the video here, give yourself enough time to complete the sentences below.

Make sure you have a pen and some paper.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did you get on? Shall we take a look at some example answers? So you could have finished the sentences in this way.

During the war, the first electronic computer was developed because they needed to do mathematical calculations quickly.

TVs were not made during the war because production was focused on making technology for the war.

More people bought TVs because of an important event in 1953, which was the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.

By the 1960s, watching TV became a more popular leisure activity for families than listening to the radio.

Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of the lesson.

We're going to explore making domestic life easier.

During World War II, women had shown they were capable of doing all the same jobs as men, such as being mechanics, munitions factory workers, and bus drivers.

However, after the war, most returned to being housewives and looking after domestic things at home with no paid job.

A housewife would be doing domestic tasks for an average of 70 hours a week, and so would not have time to do another job.

Some women did stay in paid work outside the home, but these were poorer women who needed to work to support their families, and had also been working long before the war.

They had to do the domestic tasks at home as well as their paid jobs, and life would've been very hard for them.

Take a look at that photo there of a mechanic working on a bomber plane in World War II.

After the war, and into the 1950s, lots of electronic appliances were developed to reduce the time women spent on domestic tasks.

How many electronic appliances can you spot in the image? So take a look at that illustration there of a 1950s housewife in her kitchen.

What electronic appliances can you see? Let's take a moment to pause.

Can you match the word to the definition? So we have domestic, appliance, housewife.

A woman whose main job is caring for her family and doing the domestic tasks at home.

A machine in the home that is used to do a job, things that are to do with the home.

So pause the video here, have a discussion with your partner, and press play when you are ready to continue.

How did you get on? Shall we take a look at matching the word to the definition? Well, domestic, is things that are to do with the home.

Appliance, is a machine in the home that is used to do a job.

Housewife is a woman whose main job is caring for her family and doing the domestic tasks at home.

Well done if you matched those correctly.

By 1948, most UK homes had electricity, but only 2% owned an electric fridge.

This changed after a very hot summer in 1959 when the electric fridge became more popular.

By 1970, over half the homes in Britain had one.

Before the fridge was in the kitchen, housewives had to buy fresh food from the local shops every day and cook everything from scratch to avoid the food going bad.

In the 1950s, electric washing machines became cheaper and they cost about a month's wage for most ordinary people, but gave women much more free time.

Before electric washing machines, housewives would have to spend a whole day each week, hand washing the laundry for the family.

Take a look at that photo there of a woman with a new washing machine.

To spend a whole day each week, that would be brilliant to save that time if the washing machine did it for you.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Select the images of the appliances that made the work of housewives easier.

Washing machine, a TV, a fridge.

So pause the video here, and when you're ready to hear the answers, press play.

What did you think? Which of these appliances made the work of housewives easier? If you said a washing machine and a fridge, you are absolutely right, well done.

Electrical appliances were very popular, and the more that were made, the cheaper they became.

Things like electric mixers and vacuum cleaners also became common in British homes from the 1950s.

Take a look at those electrical appliances there.

The electric mixers and the new vacuum cleaner In families that could afford these domestic appliances, the women found that they had much more free time, and lots chose to take on a part-time paid job.

They could not work full-time as they still had to care for their children, but lots started to get jobs in factories as shop workers, cleaners, cooks, and carers.

These jobs at the time were often low paid and part-time workers were more likely to lose their jobs than the men working full-time.

In 1951, only 25% of women had been in paid work, but by 1971, this had increased to almost 50%.

Take a look at that photo there of women working in a chocolate factory.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Explain to your learning partner how domestic appliances change the lives of housewives.

Pause the video here, take some time to explain to your learning partner how domestic appliances change the lives of housewives, and press play when you are ready to continue.

What did you think? Shall we take a look at an example answer? So you might have said something like, domestic appliances like washing machines, fridges, and vacuum cleaners meant that housewives had more spare time.

And that's how it changed the lives of these housewives.

Now this brings us to our final learning task.

I'd like you to write one paragraph to explain how technology was able to impact British people's lives after World War II.

You could include the following in your answer; Colossus, televisions, housewives, appliances, leisure, domestic.

So pause the video here, give yourself enough time.

Make sure you have a pen and some paper, and write one paragraph to explain how technology was able to impact British people's lives after World War II.

And press play when you are ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example answer? So you could have included, new technology was developed during World War II, such as the Colossus computer.

This was made to do mathematical calculations very fast, and led to more computers being developed after the war that are more like the ones we know today.

Televisions were starting to be made again after the war ended and became very popular as a new leisure activity by the 1960s.

Technology was also used to create new domestic appliances that saved time for housewives.

This allowed lots of them more leisure and free time, and women began to choose part-time work.

Well done for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about the impact of rapidly changing technology.

During the war, technology developed quickly to create things like the first electronic computer, the Colossus.

After the war, cheaper televisions were made and 75% of households had one by the 1960s, making it a common leisure activity.

Lots of other new and cheap household appliances were developed using new technology, such as fridges and washing machines.

These domestic appliances help to make domestic work easier for housewives.

Those women then had more free time to choose to work and look after the home, but only if they could afford the appliances.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson today.

I hope to see you in the next one.

See you next time.