Hello, I'm Mrs. Tipping and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about the Great War and thinking about the question, how did the Great War affect my local area? So shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you will be able to explain how local communities contributed towards the effort made on the home front during World War I.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords.

I'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write these words down.

The key words we'll be using today are produce, material, contribution.

I'm gonna say those again and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Produce, material, contribution.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Here are some definitions for each of our keywords.

Produce is something that people have made, created, or grown, and it also means to make something.

Military equipment used for war is called material.

A contribution is the part that people play in supporting something with either time or money.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords and when you are ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we will be working through together in today's lesson.

How did local areas support the war effort? How do we remember those who contributed? How did whole communities support the war effort? In the first learning cycle, we'll explore how local areas supported the war effort.

During World War I, many towns and villages made a contribution to the war effort by pro producing different things.

Lots of factories had to stop making their normal produce and instead make items necessary for the war.

One example is Waring & Gillow's who owned furniture factories in Lancaster and London that had to start producing wooden aircraft wings and other parts in 1917.

At the time, planes were wooden framed with fabric across the wings and lots of women were employed in the factory to paint the wings and sew the fabric onto them.

Other factories changed what they made to become munitions factories or produced communication devices like field telephones and telegraph wires.

Huge factories needed lots of workers to make enough produce and material for the war.

People often had to travel for hours every day or leave their homes and move across the country to the areas where they were needed most.

As 80% of munitions workers were women.

They often had children who had to move with them.

New housing estates were built for workers to be able to live near the factories they worked in.

One example is Austin Village in Longbridge Birmingham.

Herbert Austin's car factory became a munitions factory during World War I and he had a new village built just for the workers.

The houses were pre-made wooden buildings that were shipped over from the USA.

This meant that the villages was built in only 11 months.

And you can see an image there of what Austin village would've looked like with all of those wooden houses next to each other.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Select the images that show how people on the home front contributed to the war effort making propellers in a furniture factory, fighting on the battlefields, painting the wings of planes.

Hmm.

Take a moment to think.

Which images would you select that show how people on the home front contributed to the war effort? If you said that they were making propellers in a furniture factory, that's correct.

And also painting the wings of planes.

Remember that fighting on the battlefields was not at the home front.

Another really important area for making material for the war was Sheffield.

When the war began, the soldiers of most countries went into battle wearing cloth caps.

And once it became a defensive war fought from trenches, the soldiers needed tough protective headwear.

And in early 1916, the 20 steel factories in the Sheffield area started working to produce 1 million helmets to be worn by soldiers.

In total 7 million soldiers, metal helmets were made by steel companies in Sheffield during World War I.

Miners at Carrick Mine in Cumbria made their contribution to World War I by helping to give Britain a cutting edge on the battlefield.

There they dug underground for Tungsten, which was seen as a miracle metal.

This was because Tungsten could be added to steel to make it strong enough to crack concrete and smash armour.

It was used to make armour for ships to protect them from submarines.

Mining was incredibly hard work and they only found tiny quantities of Tungsten at a time.

Tungsten was so important during the war that miners ignored the gold that was also found in Carrick mine.

Wow, take a look at the image there of what Tungsten in rock looks like.

And it came from Cumbria.

Laura's thinking about her local area.

She's wondering if any business in her local area made a contribution to the war effort.

Hmm, do you know about any businesses or factories in your local area that made a contribution to the war effort? Hmm.

Take a moment to think.

And I wonder.

Let's pause and check our understanding.

Is this true or false? This statement.

Local miners made an important contribution to the war effort in Britain during World War I.

Is that true or false? What do you think? If you said it's true? That's correct.

Well done.

Now thinking about justifying your answer, which of these two statements helps to do that? Their contribution helped soldiers to produce stronger weapons and machines.

Their contribution helped factory workers to produce stronger weapons and machines.

Mm.

Have a think.

Have a discussion with your partner and restart the video when you think you've decided which one helps to justify your answer.

What did you think? If you and your partner said their contribution helped factory workers to produce stronger weapons and machines, that's correct, well done.

The soldiers would be using those weapons, but they weren't producing them.

Good job.

That brings us to our first learning task of the lesson today.

I'd like you to write a sentence to explain how people on the home front helped soldiers on the battlefields.

A good explanation might include factories, produce, and material.

So get yourself a pen and some paper and pause the video here and give yourself enough time.

And when you are ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Well, you might have written something a bit like this.

People on the home front helped soldiers on the battlefields by working in factories to produce material like helmets from steel.

So well done if you wrote something similar to that.

We're now ready to move on to the second part of this lesson.

And how do we remember those who contributed? Let's find out.

Around Britain, there are many buildings, streets and places named after those who made a significant contribution to World War I.

30 streets in one housing estate in Chippenham Wilshire are named after World War I Soldiers.

John is thinking about streets named after important individuals.

He lives in a streets named after a World War I soldier.

Do you know of any streets near you named after people who made an important contribution to the war effort? Take a moment to have a discussion with your partner.

Do you know of any? Could you think of any? It's an interesting question, isn't it? Well, in Peace haven East Sussex, there is Cavell Avenue and this street is named after a British World War I nurse, Edith Cavell.

You can see an image of her here.

Edith was a nurse in Belgium, which was controlled by Germany by the end of 1914, she believed that he was her duty as a nurse to help any wounded soldier.

Helping wounded enemy soldiers was very dangerous for Edith as it had serious consequences.

Knowing these risks, she continued to treat enemy and allied soldiers as well as civilians.

She was also involved in helping over 200 British, French and Belgian soldiers escaped to safety.

Today, buildings, street names, and statues across Britain remember Edith Cavell's contribution to the war.

One building named after Edith is the nurse's training suite at the University of Salford in Manchester.

You can see the blue plaque here for Edith William Tritton is another individual who made a significant contribution to World War I.

He was in charge of the team that invented and produced the first ever tank.

So you can see an image there of a British World War I tank.

In 1915, a company in Lincoln called William Foster & Co made machines for farming.

And as World War I became a trench war.

The company was given a top secret task by the government to invent and produce a machine that could cross the trenches and break the stalemate of the war.

And they were successful.

And by 1916, the British were able to use tanks on the battlefields.

Tritton Road in Lincoln was named after William Tritton to remember his significant contribution to World War I.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Cavell Avenue is named after Edith Cavell, a World War I minor, world War I Nurse, world War I munitions factory worker.

Have a quick discussion with your partner, which is the correct answer? When you are ready, press play to restart.

What did you think? If you said World War I nurse, you are absolutely right.

Well done.

That brings us to our second learning task of this lesson.

I would like you to write a sentence in each box to explain how Edith Cavell and William Tritton are remembered for their contributions in World War I.

So you could include Nurse, inventor, Lincoln, East Sussex, and Street.

So grab yourself a pen and some paper.

And I would like you to think about Edith Cavell, her contribution and how they are remembered.

And William Tritton, his contribution and how they are remembered.

To pause the video here and give yourself enough time to complete this learning task.

And when you are ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? shall we take a look at an example? So you could have included Edith Cavell, her contribution, a World War I nurse who treated injured soldiers on both sides of the war.

How they are remembered.

A street is named after her in East Sussex.

And for William Tritton, the inventor of the tank, which helped break the stalemate in World War I and a street is named after him in Lincoln.

That's how he's remembered.

So while done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the third part of the lesson.

How did whole communities support the war effort? Hmm.

I wonder.

So even children were able to make a significant contribution to the war effort through groups such as the scouts and girl guides.

Have you heard of those groups before? Yeah, we still have those Today.

Scouts did lots of outdoor activities which gave them useful skills that could be used to support the war effort.

Many scouts worked in shops became messengers or worked as stretcher bearers to carry the wounded.

They provided comfort to local communities.

By visiting the wounded in hospital.

The girl guides did similar things to the scouts and also knitted bandages and socks for soldiers.

Some girl guides worked as conductors on buses, trams, and trains or in shops, banks, offices and factories.

Girl guides were viewed as very trustworthy and many were employed by MI5 as messengers.

But the Boy Scouts were viewed as too talkative and excitable for this type of work.

The guides carried top secret documents and confidential messages.

Some trusted guides were able to memorise key information and pass this on verbally, which demonstrates how trusted some of the guides were and the contribution they made to the war effort.

In recognition of the contribution of the girl guides, a service badge was created for them in 1940.

Let's pause and check our understanding.

Can you select all the ways the scouts and girl guides made a contribution to the war efforts on the home front? They delivered messages, they visited the wounded, they fought in battles, they worked in shops.

Take a moment to have a think select all of the ways scouts and girl guides made a contribution.

So if you selected they delivered messages, they visited the wounded and they worked in shops.

You are absolutely right.

Well done.

The only thing they did not do is fight in battles.

In 1917, the government was worried that the chemicals they needed to produce explosives would run out.

Scientists were asked to experiment with finding new ways to make the chemical.

One of these ways was to collect starch from things like conkers.

Messages were sent to schools to ask British children to collect conkers to help win the war.

At the time, the government did not explain why.

Because it was top secret.

Children were able to collect over 3000 tonnes that were sent to scientific labs in King's Lynn, Norfolk, and Holton Heath, Dorset.

In the end, the chemical didn't run out, but the children of Britain were still able to help the scientists experiments and make their own contribution to the war effort.

How fascinating.

Have you ever collected conquers before? What an interesting way to collect conkers for an experiment.

Hmm.

Aisha is thinking about the older generations of her family.

She wonders if any of her family made a contribution to the war effort when they were children.

Do you know about anyone in your family or local area who made a contribution to the war effort when they were children? Pause here and have a quick discussion with your partner.

Do you know of anyone? And when you are ready to restart, press play.

Did you find out about anybody in the family or local area that contributed? Certainly an interesting question.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

Can you match the people listed on the left to the contribution they made on the home front during World War I? So we have school children, furniture factory workers, nurses, scouts, and girl guides, minors, steel workers in Sheffield made helmets for soldiers, treated the wounded, delivered messages collected conkers, made wings and propellers for planes, dug underground for Tungsten.

Can you match those people to their contribution? Have a discussion with your partner.

Pause the video here and when you are ready to find out the answers, press play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at those matches? So school children collected conkers furniture factory workers made wings and propellers for planes.

Nurses treated the wounded.

Scouts and girl guides delivered messages.

Miners dug underground for Tungsten and steelworkers in Sheffield made helmets for soldiers.

Good job if you matched those people to the contribution they made on the home front during World War I.

We're now at the final learning task for this lesson.

Using what you've learned this lesson, describe to your partner how local areas contributed towards the effort made on the home front.

You might discuss factories, produce, and material important individuals, the work of children and the groups they were part of.

So pause the video here and take some time to describe to your partner how local areas contributed towards the effort made on the home front.

And when you are ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Let's take a look at a description that could have been a bit like yours.

Local areas contributed to the effort made on the home front in many ways.

Factories produced material like aircraft wings to help support the war effort.

Important individuals like Edith Cavell worked as nurses and we remember her because a street is named after her.

Even children helped.

Girl Scouts carried messages and visited the wounded in hospital and children even collected conkers to try to help scientists produce explosives.

Well done for completing that learning task.

And before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about local communities and the Great War, we have certainly learnt a lot.

People in local areas of Britain helped to produce different things to make a contribution to the war effort.

Buildings in your local area may have been used to support the war effort.

Streets and buildings have been named after people who made a significant contribution to the war effort.

And older generations in your families might have played a role in supporting the war efforts on the home front.

Thank you for joining me in this lesson and I really hope that you enjoyed learning lots about the Great War.