Hello, I'm Mrs. Tipping, and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about the Great War, and thinking about the question, "How did the Great War affect my local area?" So, shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe how we remember people who are involved in the conflict, including those from your own community.

Before we start, I'd like to introduce you to some keywords.

We'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write them down.

The keywords we'll be using today are memorial, conflict, Remembrance Day, poppy.

I'm gonna say those again and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Memorial, conflict, Remembrance Day, poppy.

Good job.

Now let's think in more detail about what these mean.

Let's take a look at some definitions.

A war memorial is something which has been created to honour those who have lost their lives in conflict.

A conflict is a strong disagreement between people who have different opinions.

Remembrance Day is a special day each year dedicated to all those who lost their lives fighting for their country.

A poppy is a type of flower used as a symbol of remembrance for those who died in conflict.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we'll be working through together in today's lesson.

What are war memorials and how are they displayed? Who do we remember? Why do we have Remembrance Day? In the first learning cycle, we will explore what war memorials are and how they are displayed.

One of the ways we remember those who were involved in conflict is through war memorials.

War memorials are important to help us remember those who lost their lives in World War I.

And here are some examples of memorials.

Have a look at the images.

What do you notice about them? War memorials can take many forms and can include plaques, statues, buildings, and columns.

The most common type of memorial is a large cross with a list of names of the soldiers who died.

You can see in that first image what a cross memorial might look like.

Then the second image shows a plaque memorial, and the third one shows a column memorial.

Within the UK, there are over 100,000 registered memorials dedicated to those who were killed in World War I.

They are found in cities, towns, and villages across the UK, and many places have a memorial to remember local soldiers who lost their lives.

Memorials grew in number in the 1920s and 1930s as it was a new way to remember people involved in a conflict.

Most local war memorials were built using donations from the public, whereas large memorials and cemeteries, those national memorials, were built to remember significant battles, were paid for by the government.

Let's take a moment to check our understanding.

Memorials to remember those who died in World War I are only displayed in big cities.

Is that true or false? What do you think? If you said false, that's correct.

Well done.

And what about justifying your answer? Which of these two sentences could help to do that? Memorials to remember those who died in World War I are found in villages, towns, and cities across the UK.

There are no memorials to remember those who died in villages and towns across the UK.

Which of those two sentences helps to justify your answer? Have a discussion with your partner.

What do you think? If you said, "That memorials to remember those who died in World War I are found in villages, towns, and cities across the UK," you're absolutely right.

Well done.

Let's look at the second true or false.

World War I memorials have many different forms. Is that true or false? If you said that is true, you're correct.

Well done.

And what about justifying your answer? World War I memorials must be a large cross or have the names of the people that died on it.

World War I memorials have different designs and forms, including plaques, columns, crosses, and statues.

What do you think? Have a discussion with your partner.

If you said that "World War I memorials have different designs and forms including plaques, columns, crosses and statues," that's correct.

Well done.

This brings us to your first learning task for this lesson.

I'd like you to write one sentence to explain what a World War I memorial is.

A good explanation will include lost lives, conflict, remember.

So grab yourself a pen and some paper, and pause the video to give yourself enough time to write one sentence, and press play when you're ready to continue.

How did that go? Shall we have a look at what kind of answer you could have written? So you could have written an answer something like this.

"A World War I memorial is a statue or structure created to acknowledge and remember those who lost their lives in World War I and other conflicts." Good job.

Well done if you wrote something similar in your answer.

Let's move on to the second part of this lesson.

Who do we remember? Some World War I memorials are very large, and remember everyone who fought and died for Britain during the conflict.

For example, the Cenotaph in Whitehall, London.

The word cenotaph means empty tomb in Greek.

Sadly, we do not know the graves of many of the soldiers who were killed in World War I as they died during battle.

So the Cenotaph is used as a memorial to remember them.

Take a moment to have a look at that picture of the Cenotaph there.

Some World War I memorials are dedicated to members of the local community who died.

These memorials often have a special message which thank the sacrifice and bravery shown by local soldiers.

Local memorials are important because all communities in the UK had people who fought in World War I, and so nearly all local communities suffered losses.

There were some lucky places, known as Thankful Villages, where every soldier returned home.

However, these were sadly very rare.

Jacob is talking about national and local war memorials.

Do you agree with him? He says, "All World War I memorials were paid for by the government." Discuss your ideas with your partner.

Do you agree with Jacob that all World War I memorials were paid for by the government? What do you think? Discuss it with your partner.

Pause the video, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

How is your discussion? What do you think? Well, Jacob is right, that national World War I memorials were paid for by the government, but most local memorials were paid for by donations from the public.

So not all World War I memorials were paid for by the government.

So Jacob is not quite right that all of them, but some of them were, the national ones were.

Women were not allowed to fight during World War I.

But many women supported the war effort, like nurses near the battlefields.

And most World War I memorials remember soldiers who were all men.

In the UK, there is only one national memorial to the women who contributed to the war effort, and this memorial is called the Five Sisters Window, and it's found in the York Minster.

Some memorials were also made to remember the lives of the animals who died in World War I.

The British Army used different types of animals for lots of different roles during the war.

For example, around 6 million horses were used to help carry important equipment and a special type of soldier called cavalry soldiers, rode on horses during battles.

Pigeons carried important messages from the battlefield, whilst dogs also carried first aid kits and messages.

Now rats were a huge problem in the trenches.

So cats and dogs were kept by soldiers to help catch the rats.

Soldiers who dug tunnels sometimes breathed in toxic air, and so mice and canaries, which is a type of bird, were used to help the soldiers work out if there was dangerous air, and some animals were kept as pets or mascots to help soldier morale.

You can see here in this image a type of war memorial that was dedicated to all animals that died during World War I.

Laura is talking about war memorials.

Do you agree with her? "World War I memorials only remember soldiers who died in conflict." Discuss your ideas with your partner.

Do you agree with Laura? How did your discussion go? Well, Laura is right that World War I memorials remember soldiers who died in conflict, but some World War I memorials also remember women and animals.

So they don't only remember soldiers who died in conflict, they also remember women and animals.

This brings us to our second learning task in this lesson.

I would like you to have a look at both of the images, the Cenotaph and a local memorial.

I'd like you to add notes to each image to show the differences between this national memorial, the Cenotaph, and a local one.

In your notes include who is remembered, where the memorial is, and how the memorial might have been paid for.

So, if you'd like to, you could grab yourself a pen and paper and you could draw a rough outline of those two memorials, and around the outside of those images, write down your notes of who is remembered, where the memorial is, and how the memorial might have been paid for.

Pause the video here and give yourself enough time to do that, and when you're ready, press play to continue.

How did that go? Shall we have a look at an example? So, for the Cenotaph, you could have written, "In remembrance of everyone who fought and died for Britain." It's a national memorial.

It's the Cenotaph in Central London, and it was paid for by the government.

So if you've written something similar, good job.

Let's take a look at that local memorial now.

"In remembrance of those from the local area who died." This is a local memorial.

It's found in towns, villages, and cities across the UK, and it was paid for by the local community.

Well done if you wrote something similar in your notes for both of those images.

We're now ready to move on to the third part of this lesson.

Why do we have Remembrance Day? Remembrance Day is held every year so we can remember the bravery, suffering, and loss of life of all those involved in World War I and all wars since then.

Remembrance Day is always on the 11th of November with a two-minute silence at 11:00 AM.

This is because World War I ended on the 11th day of the 11th month at the 11th hour in 1918.

This became known as Armistice Day.

Remembrance Day services are held on the nearest Sunday to the 11th of November across the UK.

You can see in the image there, a Remembrance Day parade in London.

Can you see how everyone is positioned around the Cenotaph.

As well as the two-minute silence, many people wear a red poppy and lay poppy wreaths at local and national memorials to remember those who lost their lives in conflicts.

A red poppy is worn because these flowers grew on the battlefields after World War I.

As a result, the red poppy has become a symbol of hope.

Let's take a moment to check our understanding.

Remembrance Day is marked every year to remember Armistice Day which was on, the 11th of November 1911, the 11th of November 1918, the 18th of November 1911.

What do you think? Take a moment.

If you said the 11th of November 1918, you're absolutely right.

Well done.

And we've now reached our final learning task of this lesson.

I'd like you to pause the video here to give yourself enough time to write one paragraph to answer this question.

Why do we have Remembrance Day? A good explanation could include, 11th of November at 11:00 AM, two-minute silence, Armistice Day, memorial, poppy.

I'd like you to make sure you've got yourself a pen and some paper, and then pause the video here and give yourself enough time to write your one paragraph, and when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we have a look at an example paragraph? So your answer could have included, "We have Remembrance Day because it is a national day to remember all those who died in conflict.

They are remembered on the 11th of November at 11:00 AM with a two-minute silence.

This day is called Armistice Day because it is when the agreement that ended World War I happened.

A red poppy is worn because it was the flower which grew on the battlefields in years following the war.

The red poppy symbolises hope, and poppies are often laid at memorials.

A national Remembrance Day service is always held on the nearest Sunday to Armistice Day." Well done if your answer has included some of those words.

And that is our final learning task of this lesson.

But before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about remembering the soldiers who fought in World War I.

We remember those who lost their lives in World War I through war memorials.

War memorials can take many forms and are often large crosses.

Local memorials remember members of the local community who died.

The 11th November is called Remembrance Day, because World War I officially ended at 11/11, on the of the 11th of the 11th, 1918.

People wear a red poppy as a symbol of hope and remembrance.

Thank you so much for joining me in this lesson today, and I'm really looking forward to seeing you for the next lesson.

See you next time.