Hello, I'm Mrs. Tipping and I'm really looking forward to learning with you today all about the Great War and thinking about the question, how did the Great War affect my local area? So, shall we get started? Let's go.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to describe the way in which local British communities were affected by World War I.

Before we start, I would like to introduce you to some keywords and we'll be using these keywords during the lesson, so it might be a good idea to write those down.

The keywords we'll be using today are, home front, shortage, factories, vote.

I'm going to say those again and I'd like you to repeat them after me.

Home front, shortage, factories, vote.

Good job.

Let's think in more detail about what these keywords mean.

Let's take a look at the definitions for each of them.

Civilians contributed to the war effort at home in Britain and this became known as the home front.

During World War I, food items such as bread, potatoes, sugar, and tea were difficult to get hold of and this is known as a shortage.

Factories are large buildings in which different goods are made.

A vote gives people a choice as to who they want to represent them in the government.

Pause the video here to make a note of these keywords and when you're ready to continue, press play.

These are the learning cycles that we will be working through together in today's lesson.

How did civilians contribute to the war effort? What was the role of women in World War I? How did the role of women change during World War I? In the first learning cycle, we will explore how civilians contributed to the war effort.

In World War I most men left home to be soldiers and fight.

However, some people stayed on the home front.

Those who remained in the UK included men who didn't go to battle because of age or illness or because their skills were needed in Britain, as well as women.

These people did a lot to help the war effort too.

For those men who stayed at home, many carried out vital roles such as policemen, fishermen, government officials, munitions inspectors, transport workers and vicars.

Their work was important across local British communities.

Keeping the peace at home was also important.

Policemen had a key role in making sure that people followed wartime rules and vicars became increasingly important as they supported those who had lost loved ones.

Men who worked in journalism wrote patriotic pieces to keep people's spirits up.

World War I impacted daily life for British people in many ways.

As the war continued, there was a shortage of food because a lot of farmers were away fighting.

Food shortages were particularly bad in cities where it was harder for people to grow their own food.

To help with the shortage, rationing was introduced in January, 1918.

This meant that people were given a limited amount of food and other items each week to make sure that there was enough for everyone.

Housewives developed new ways of ensuring the groceries did not leave their families hungry, and posters were made to encourage everyone to be careful how much they used to avoid anything going to waste.

In all local communities families were separated from their loved ones and many women worked long hours in the jobs men had left behind.

Let's pause to check our understanding.

Tick all the ways World War I had an impact on the lives of people in local British communities.

Trenches had to be dug at home.

There were food shortages.

Families were separated.

Many women worked in roles men had left behind.

Pause the video and take a moment to discuss this with your partner.

Which of these impacted the lives of people in local British communities? When you're ready, press play to restart.

If you said that there were food shortages, and that families were separated, and that many women worked in roles men had left behind, then you're absolutely right, well done.

This brings us to our first learning task of this lesson.

I'd like you to choose two different roles that civilians did on the home front and explain why these roles were important in local communities during World War I.

A good answer might think about roles that made sure people followed wartime rules, comforted people who had lost loved ones, or kept morale up.

So pause the video here and take some time, either to discuss those roles with your partner, or you could write them down and when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Well, your answer might look a little bit like this.

Civilians worked as police officers and were important to the effort because they made sure people followed wartime rules.

Vicars had an important role to play because they provided much needed comfort to families who had lost loved ones in the conflict.

Journalists wrote patriotic pieces which were important to those on the home front as they helped keep morale up.

Well done if you were able to explain those two different roles of civilians using the examples below.

Let's move on to the second part of this lesson.

What was the role of women in World War I? During World War I, women made a big contribution to the war effort.

There weren't enough men left in Britain to do jobs like working on farms and in factories, so women had to do them instead.

By 1918, over 5 million women were in paid work.

These roles ranged from jobs in factories, offices, and agriculture.

For many, it was the first time they were in paid work and able to contribute to their families financially.

Many women took up roles in munitions factories, where they worked long hours making weapons.

This work was very dangerous as it involved handling explosives.

Women working in the munitions factories were sometimes called canaries because working with toxic chemicals often stained their skin yellow and the bird canary is a yellow bird.

Fumes from the chemicals caused things like headaches and sickness and some women died working in these factories.

There were munitions factories in a number of communities, including Glasgow, London, Hereford, Banbury, Leeds and Liverpool.

Over a million women were employed in munitions by 1918.

Propaganda posters were used to encourage women to take up these roles.

They didn't usually mention the dangers that some faced, such as those working in munitions factories.

Let's pause for a moment and read what Lucas is saying and then tell your partner how you would respond.

Lucas says, "I don't understand why women would have wanted to work in munitions factories, given they could be dangerous places." Talk to your partner.

How would you respond to Lucas? Pause the video and take some time to have that discussion and press play when you're ready to continue.

Well, you might have said that many women wanted to help the war effort on the home front.

Working was also a way for them to earn their own money, learn new skills, and have different experiences outside of the home.

And remember, the propaganda posters were designed to make working in factories look exciting, and they usually didn't mention the dangers.

Many women were also needed to help with farming due to male farm workers being away at battle.

The women who worked on farms were called the Women's Land Army and they were often referred to as 'land girls'.

They farmed crops and animals to help with the food shortage and operated heavy machinery such as ploughs.

Land girls worked in British communities, including Norfolk, Kent and West Sussex.

It is important to note that some women were in paid employment before World War I.

However, the number of employed women grew a lot during the war and by the end of World War I in 1918, over 5 million were employed, a significant increase.

Let's take a moment to pause.

Is this statement true or false? During World War I, many women worked as farmers.

What do you think? Take a moment.

If you said true, that's absolutely correct.

Well done.

Which of these two statements helps to justify your answer? At the time, farming was seen as a woman's job.

There was a food shortage and not enough male farmers.

Which of those two statements helps to justify your answer? What do you think? If you said there was a food shortage and not enough male farmers, that's correct.

Well done.

It's now time for our second learning task of this lesson.

Women made an important contribution to the war effort on the home front in World War I.

Write a paragraph explaining why the above statement is correct.

A good explanation might include why women had to take on these roles, the types of roles women did.

So pause the video here, get yourself a pen and some paper, and write your paragraph explaining why the above statement is correct.

And when you're ready to continue, press play.

How did that go? Shall we have a look at an example? So, your paragraph could look a little bit like this.

Women were needed on the home front to replace men who were away fighting.

Many roles were performed by women, such as working in munitions factories and as land girls in farming.

Lots of women had to be away from their families and many worked long hours.

Well done for completing that learning task.

We're now ready to move on to the third part of this lesson.

How did the role of women change during World War I? During World War I, some nurseries were set up in local communities to support women with childcare so that they were able to work outside of the home.

As they were able to do more away from family and home duties, some women also joined in with new social activities, such as playing football.

Many women wanted to help in the war effort on the home front and working also gave women a chance to learn new skills, have new experiences, and meet new people.

During World War I, women's efforts on the home front had shown that they could work as hard and as well as men, and were capable of doing jobs that had traditionally been done by males.

However, they were still paid less than men.

Many women wanted equal rights, including the right to vote, and their roles in World War I helped those who wanted to change that.

Let's pause and take a moment to check our understanding.

How did World War I help women to argue for the right to vote? There were fewer men at home to argue against it.

Women had shown they could work as well as men.

More women started going to university.

Take a moment to think.

How did World War I help women to argue for the right to vote? If you said that women had shown they could work as well as men, then you are correct.

Well done.

Before the war, many women across different communities joined suffrage groups to campaign for women's rights to vote.

Millicent Fawcett was a politician and activist and a keen writer.

She had a key role in the suffrage movement and campaigned for change through peaceful means.

In 2018, a statue was erected in Parliament Square, London, to celebrate her achievements.

This was the first statue of a woman in Parliament Square, which acknowledges her achievements in bringing about an important change.

Other groups who campaigned for change had taken a different approach and they smashed windows at political events, they held illegal demonstrations, and some women even went on hunger strike.

Emmeline Pankhurst played a key role in campaigning for change.

However, both groups had failed to win women the right to vote.

It was not until women proved themselves the equal of men during the war, that some women were awarded the right to vote in 1918, when a new law was passed, called the Representation of the People Act.

The new law was a huge turning point in women's rights and may not have happened without the changes that came about during World War I.

However, the law still did not give women equal rights to men.

In order to vote, women had to be over the age of 30, own a property, or be married to someone who did.

Men over the age of 21 were allowed to vote, whether they owned a property or not.

Let's take a moment to pause and check our understanding.

The new law in 1918 gave all women the right to vote.

Is that true or false? What do you think? If you said false, that's correct.

Well done.

If you were to justify your answer, here are two statements.

Which one helps to justify your answer? The law gave some women the right to vote, those who were over 30 and owned a property or were married to someone who did.

The law gave all women who owned a property or were married to someone who did, the vote.

Which one helps to justify our answer? If you said that the law gave some women the right to vote, those who were over 30 and owned a property, or were married to someone who did, then you're right.

Well done.

This brings us to our final learning task of this lesson.

I'd like you to write a paragraph to explain how, why, and with what results, the role of women changed during World War I.

Your answer might include the following, home front, shortage, factories, suffragists and suffragettes, vote.

So pause the video here, get yourself a pen and some paper, and take enough time to write a paragraph to explain how, why, and with what results the role of women changed during World War I.

When you're ready to continue, restart the video by pressing play.

How did that go? Shall we take a look at an example paragraph? So, your answer might have included something like this.

During World War I, women played an important part in the home front.

Lots of women stepped into roles left behind by men, such as working on the land to help with the food shortage and in factories.

They helped in important ways, and many thought that because of this they should be allowed to vote.

The suffragists and suffragettes campaigned for women to have the right to vote, but had not been successful.

However, when women proved themselves the equal of men in the war, a new law was passed in 1918, allowing them to vote, but with some conditions.

Well done if you wrote something similar and for completing that learning task.

Before we finish this lesson, let's summarise what we've learned about the home front in World War I.

While soldiers were away fighting as part of the war, civilians including women played an important role in the war effort as part of the home front.

There weren't enough men to do jobs, including working in factories and farming.

Land girls were needed in farming as there was a shortage of food.

Women's lives changed during World War I, and some women, like Emmeline Pankhurst, wanted equal rights, including the right to vote.

Women's roles in World War I, together with the suffrage movement, helped bring about a new law, which allowed some women the right to vote.

Thank you for joining me during this lesson.

We've learned a lot about the home front in World War I.

I hope to see you in the next lesson.

See you next time.