Hi there, I'm Mr. Roberts, and thanks for joining me for today's history lesson where my job will be to guide you through our history resources.

I'll be making sure that by the end of today's lesson you'll be able to securely meet our lesson objective.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to recall that the end of the British Empire and independence movements led many people to move to Britain from East Africa.

There are two key terms which we need to make sure we're comfortable with before starting our lesson today.

Commonwealth refers to an international organisation consisting of states which once belonged to the British Empire.

And expulsion means to drive out or force away.

Our lesson on migration from East Africa is separated into three learning phases.

And the first one revolves around migration to Britain in the mid-20th century.

Following mid-20th century independence movements across Asia and Africa, a significant wave of migration unfolded, profoundly reshaping global demographics and cultures.

For instance, in Kenya and Uganda, Asians, who had been brought by the British as labourers or traders faced increasing discrimination after independence.

During this time, tens of thousands of Ugandan Asians, many holding British passports, fled to Britain seeking safety and opportunity.

Now, let's have a go at a true or false question to make sure we're securing important learning before moving on.

True or false? Following mid-20th century independence movements across Asia and Africa, a significant wave of migration unfolded.

Pause the video while you come to a decision on the answer, and then press play when you are ready to continue.

Welcome back, and well done if you identified the correct answer as true.

Now, I'd like you to pause the video again and consider why this statement is true, and press play when you are ready to resume our lesson.

Hello again, and well done if you identified that in Kenya and Uganda, Asians, who had been brought by the British as labourers or traders faced increasing discrimination after independence.

They now look to Britain for a new home.

Economically, the impact of colonial legacies was stuck.

Countries like India and Nigeria, grappling with post-colonial economic disparities saw their citizens migrating to Britain in search of better economic prospects and educational opportunities.

These migrations were driven by the belief that Britain with its historical ties and perceived tolerance, offered a pathway to a more stable and prosperous future.

Socially, London's cosmopolitan allure attracted migrants from diverse backgrounds.

Migrants from places like Ghana and Pakistan were drawn by the city's reputation as a cultural melting pot where social mobility and exposure to varied lifestyles was possible.

This cultural exchange enriched British society and identities of migrants who sought to build new lives in the cities.

This cultural exchange enriched both British society and the identities of migrants who sought to build new lives in the city.

The affinity towards Britain among Commonwealth nations stemmed from shared colonial histories and Commonwealth membership, which fostered a sense of belonging and familiarity.

Britain's image as a tolerant and welcoming country further fueled the belief among Commonwealth citizens that they could find acceptance and opportunity there despite the challenges and discrimination faced in their home countries.

Now, let's have a go at the following question.

Which two of the below factors pulled migrants to Britain in the mid-20th century? A, affinity with Britain on the part of Commonwealth citizens? B, seeing Britain as a pathway to stability and prosperity? Or C, a mixed reception on the part of Britains towards immigrants? Pause the video while you decide on the two answers, and then press play when you're ready to resume.

Welcome back, and well done if you said A, an affinity with Britain on the part of Commonwealth citizens.

And B, seeing Britain as a pathway to stability and prosperity were both core factors for migrants to Britain in the mid-20th century.

Next, for our first written task, I'd like you to describe migration to Britain in the mid-20th century, using your learning so far.

Pause the video while you complete this task, and then press play when you are done and ready for some feedback in the form of a model answer.

Welcome back.

I asked you using your learning so far to describe migration to Britain in the mid-20th century.

Everyone will have included something slightly different in their answer, but well done if you managed to include any of the following in yours.

Following mid-20th century independence movements across Asia and Africa, British-imported Asians faced discrimination in Kenya and Uganda, and many fled to Britain for safety.

Economically, post-colonial inequality in countries like India and Nigeria drove migration to Britain in search of better lives.

London's diverse appeal attracted migrants from Ghana and Pakistan seeking better lives for themselves, both enriching and diversifying British society at the same time.

Really well done there.

And with that task complete, we're ready to move on to the second part of our lesson today where we'll be learning about Kenyan and Ugandan independence.

In countries such as Kenya and Uganda, individuals of Asian descent faced pervasive discrimination following independence.

Many Ugandan and Kenyan Asians were descended from communities who had been brought to East Africa by the British during a colonial rule to fulfil roles as labourers or traders.

They had contributed significantly to local economies and many had successful businesses, but they had also become the focal points of ethnic tension.

So, let's try another true or false question now.

True or false? In countries such as Kenya and Uganda, individuals of Asian descent face discrimination.

Pause the video while you decide on the correct answer, and then press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back, and well done if you identified the correct answer as true.

Now, I'd like you to pause the video again and consider why this statement is true, and press play to resume with our lesson.

Hello again, and well done if you identified that these communities have been brought to East Africa by the British, contributing to local economies while also becoming focal points of ethnic tension.

In Kenya, Asian people made up one third of the capital city of Nairobi's population despite making up only 2% of Kenya's population overall.

Kenyan Asians had become very successful in business and government administration.

And many had worked hard to help Kenya achieve independence in 1963.

Despite this, the new leadership in Kenya discriminated against its Asian citizens, making it very hard for them to continue in business or in civil service jobs.

As a result, around 100,000 Kenyan Asians left Kenya by 1968, with many migrating to Britain as they held British passports due to Kenya's imperial past.

Now let's have a go at the following question.

How many Kenyan Asians had left Kenya by 1968? A, around a thousand? B, around 20,000? C, around a 100,000? Or D, around 200,000? Pause the video while you decide on the answer, and then press play when you're ready to resume.

Welcome back, and well done if you said C, around a 100,000 Kenyan Asians had left Kenya by 1968.

In Uganda, tensions between African and Asian Ugandans escalated dramatically during the regime of President Idi Amin in 1972.

Amin's administration issued a sudden and severe expulsion decree on the 4th of August targeting the Asian minority.

This decree accused Ugandan Asians of economic exploitation, monopolising trade, and undermining the local economy.

It mandated that Ugandan Asians, many of whom held British passports or had residency ties to Britain, had only 90 days to leave the country.

So now it's time for another multiple choice question.

Which African leader issued a sudden expulsion decree targeting the Ugandan Asian minority? A, Idi Amin? B, Jamo Kenyatta? Or C, Kwame Nkrumah? Pause the video while you decide on the correct answer, and then press play when you're ready to resume.

Welcome back, and well done if you said A, Idi Amin was the African leader that issued a sudden expulsion decree targeting the Ugandan Asian minority.

The expulsion decree had immediate and profound consequences.

Tens of thousands of Ugandan Asians fled their homes, leaving behind businesses, properties, and livelihoods established over generations.

Subsequently, just over 28,000 men, women, and children came to the UK.

Most of these were British passport holders, and many also saw Britain as their primary destination due to the perception of Britain as a tolerant society and a safe haven within the Commonwealth.

The British government quickly responded and took up the responsibility of accepting Ugandan Asians with British nationality.

They set up evacuation flights with the first arriving at Stansted Airport on the 18th of September, 1972.

The government also set up a Ugandan resettlement board to organise the new arrivals and provide the migrants with food, temporary accommodation, and classes about life in Britain.

Unfortunately, the accommodation was often poor quality, and the board also discouraged migrants from settling in areas which already had high concentrations of Commonwealth migrants.

The exodus of Ugandan and Kenyan Asians to Britain exemplifies the complexities of post-colonial transitions and the enduring impact of the colonial era migrations.

It highlighted the vulnerability of minority communities in newly independent states, and underscored the role of Britain as a destination for citizens in times of crisis.

The expulsion also left a lasting legacy on both Uganda and Britain, shaping socioeconomic dynamics and community identities in both nations.

Next, I'd like you to complete the sentence on the screen using a keyword.

Pause the video while you do this, and then press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back, and well done if you've identified the missing keywords as Commonwealth, so that your sentence now looks like this.

Britain was a destination of refuge and opportunity for Commonwealth citizens in times of crisis.

And for our second written task today, I'd now like you to use your learning so far to explain why there was an increase in migration from Uganda to Britain after 1972.

Try to refer to all of the following in your answer.

Ugandan Asians, Idi Amin, expulsion, 28,000, and British passports.

Pause the video while you complete this task, and then press play for another model answer with which you can compare your answer.

Welcome back.

I asked you to explain why there was an increase in migration from Uganda to Britain after 1972.

Once again, everyone's answers will look slightly different, but well done if your answer looked anything like this.

Following independence in Uganda, individuals of Asian descent, brought by the British as labourers and traders, faced severe discrimination.

In 1972, Ugandan President Idi Amin issued an expulsion decree against Asian people, accusing them of economic exploitation and forcing them to leave Uganda within 90 days.

Subsequently, just over 28,000 Ugandan Asians, many holding British passports fled to Britain, viewing it as a safe haven due to historical ties and its tolerance reputation.

This migration underscored the vulnerability of minority communities in post-colonial states, and Britain's role as a refuge for Commonwealth citizens in crisis.

Well done once again.

And now without learning phase complete, we can move on to the final part of our lesson today where we'll be examining the challenges that these migrants faced and their contributions to British life.

Life in mid-20th century Britain for migrants was challenging.

Many faced discrimination in housing, jobs, and education, and local communities were often not very welcoming.

This was in part due to the British government's handling of migration and existing racism at the time.

In 1962, the British governments responded to increasing immigration by passing the Commonwealth Immigrants Act aimed at restricting the entry of black and Asian immigrants.

This legislation required prospective immigrants from these regions to have a job lined up in Britain and imposed quotas on the number allowed to enter.

In 1968, the British government responded to the arrival of tens of thousands of Kenyan Asians by rushing through an amendment of the 1962 Act.

The 1968 Commonwealth Immigrants Act restricted immigration to Britain even further, as now it was only possible to come to Britain without a work permit if someone had been born in the UK or had at least one parent who had been born in the UK.

These policies provoked significant division within British society.

They were supported by those who opposed high levels of immigration, but were strongly criticised by others who thought it was unjust to exclude Commonwealth citizens with British passports just because of their heritage.

Next, I'd like you to complete the sentence on the screen based on what we've just been learning about by inserting the correct years into each gap.

Pause the video while you do this, and then press play for the answers to be revealed.

Welcome back, and well done if your sentence now reads, in 1962 and 1968, the British government responded to increasing immigration by passing the Commonwealth Immigrants Act.

Today, the contribution of Kenyan and Ugandan Asians to British life is recognised as making their migration one of the most successful in history.

Although these migrants had been forced to leave almost everything behind, the skills and motivation they brought with them brought significant business success in Britain.

Although at first, many had to take low paying jobs in Britain, within 20 years, Ugandan and Kenyan Asian migrant communities in Britain were earning the same as longer established local residents.

Today, many British business leaders, politicians, sports people, and leading figures in arts and culture have links to this migration.

For example, the father of former UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, who came to Britain from Kenya in 1966.

Next, I'd like you to have a go at one final multiple choice task question.

Why has the migration of Kenyan and Ugandan Asians been recognised as one of the most successful migrations in history? A, they took low paying jobs in Britain? B, their contributions to British life and the economy? Or C, today, many leading figures have links to this migration? Pause the video while you make your decisions, and then come back to this video to continue.

Hello again, and well done if you chose both B and C.

And for our final written task today, I'd like you to complete the table on the screen with contributions to British life that Kenyan and Ugandan Asian migrants made in one column, and in the other column, I'd like you to detail the challenges they faced during the 20th century.

As ever, pause this video while you complete this task, and then press play for some feedback in the form of some suggestions for how you might have populated your table.

Welcome back, and well done if you managed to include any of the following.

In terms of contributions to British life, well done if you said that they made significant contributions to British life and the economy, and that within 20 years, Ugandan and Kenyan Asian migrant communities in Britain were earning the same as longer established local residents.

And finally, many British business leaders, politicians, sports people, and leading figures in arts and culture have links to this migration.

In terms of challenges that they faced, well done if you said that they face significant hurdles in housing, work, and education, that local communities were often not welcoming.

And finally, the Commonwealth Immigrants Act of 1962 and 1968 restricted immigration and provoked significant division within British society.

Really well done there.

With that task complete, we've arrived at the end of our lesson today, and all that's left for us to do is to summarise our key learning points, and it would be great if you could remember these going forward.

Firstly, following the independence of many former colonies in Asia and Africa, migration to Britain increased.

This was partly due to connections between Commonwealth citizens and Britain, and the British government's actions to encourage immigration.

Secondly, in newly independent Kenya and Uganda, people of Asian descent experienced discrimination.

As a result, many Kenyan and Ugandan Asians moved to Britain in the late 1960s and early 1970s to escape this discrimination.

And finally, these groups made significant contributions to British life.

However, the migration of Commonwealth citizens influenced British immigration policies as a result of more hostile public perceptions towards migration.

Thank you so much for joining me for our lesson today, it's been a real pleasure to guide you through our history learning resources, and I very much look forward to seeing you again in the future where we'll be studying the (indistinct).