Hi, there.

I'm Mr. Roberts and thanks for joining me for today's history lesson where my job will be to guide you through our history resources.

I'll be making sure that by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to securely meet our lesson objective.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to recall that the British Empire caused a significant amount of migration, both to and from Britain, as well as migration within the Empire.

There are two key terms which we need to make sure we are comfortable with before embarking on our learning journey today.

A colony is a country or area under the control of another country and occupied by settlers from that country.

And persecution is to be targeted and treated badly worse than others over a sustained period of time.

Our lesson on the impact of Empire on migration in and out of Britain is separated into three learning phases, and the first one revolves around migration to Britain from its colonies.

In the 19th century, significant migration from Ireland to Britain occurred due to economic hardship, political instability, and the devastating impact of the potato famine, also known as the Great Famine that occurred between 1845 and 1852.

The Great Famine in Ireland and job opportunities in Britain due to the industrial revolution were the primary drivers.

Yet Irish migrants face hostility and discrimination upon their arrival made worse by religious tensions and unfair stereotyping.

Concentrated in urban areas with poor housing, Irish migrants experienced social isolation and marginalisation as the other in British society.

Similarly during the same period, Indian individuals, particularly soldiers and sailors known as Lascars, who were involved with the British East India Company, migrated to Britain seeking economic opportunities.

Despite facing the cultural assimilation, prejudice, and financial hardships, many Lascars successfully settled in port cities like London, Liverpool, and Cardiff, forming resilient communities and contributing significantly to maritime trade between India and the UK.

Next, we're going to do a quick learning check to ensure we're securing some key learning.

True or false, many people migrated to Britain from the colonies such as India and Ireland.

Pause the video while you come to a decision and press play to continue.

Welcome back and well done if you said the answer is true.

Now, let's justify that statement.

Which of the following provides the accurate justification for this? A, both groups were motivated solely by the greater economic opportunities in Britain, or B, both were motivated by opportunities in Britain, but the Great Famine also contributed to Irish migration.

Pause the video while you come to a decision on the correct justification, and then press play to continue the lesson.

Welcome back and well done if you said the answer is B.

Both were motivated by the opportunities in Britain, but in addition, the Great Famine also contributed to Irish migration.

The British Empire facilitated migration between different colonies such as India and various parts of Africa through a variety of mechanisms. This movement often termed "Intercolonial Migration" was driven by economic, social, and political factors, and played a significant role in shaping the demographic and cultural landscapes of the Empire.

One notable aspect of this migration was the movement of workers between colonies to meet the needs of industries such as agriculture, mining, and construction.

For example, Indian labourers were often recruited to work on railway construction projects in Africa.

Furthermore, the British Empire's administrative and transportation networks facilitated the movement of people between different colonies.

The establishment of shipping routes and the construction of railways made it easier for individuals to migrate within the Empire.

Additionally, policies such as indentured labour schemes and the recruitments of soldiers from various colonies for military service further encouraged intercolonial migration.

This movement not only influenced the demographics of the colonies involved, but also contributed to the exchange of cultures, languages, and ideas across different regions of the Empire.

However, it also had significant social and economic implications, including the displacement of indigenous populations and the continuation of colonial hierarchies and inequalities.

World War I and World War II also had profound effects on migration patterns, particularly due to the involvement of soldiers from the colonies fighting for Britain.

During both wars, the British Empire mobilised troops from various parts of its colonies to support its military efforts.

Soldiers from countries like India, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, parts of Africa and the Caribbean served alongside British forces in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.

The experience of wartime often led to increased awareness of political, social, and economic conditions in the colonies amongst the soldiers, fostering a desire for change and opportunity.

After the wars, many soldiers chose to migrate to Britain seeking better prospects, education and opportunities for themselves and their families.

This migration, often referred to as the post-war influx, significantly contributed to the demographic diversity of Britain and marked a notable shift in its immigration patterns.

However, despite their contributions to the war efforts, these migrants often face discrimination and challenges in integrating into British society, reflecting broader issues of both racism and inequality.

Now, I'd like you to answer the following question, which two wars caused migration of people from throughout the Empire to Britain, a, World War I, b, World War II, or c, the Vietnam War? Pause the video while you work out the correct answers, and when you are ready to continue, press play.

Welcome back and well done if you said a World War I and b, World War II.

Both caused migration of people from throughout the Empire to Britain.

Next, I'd like you to complete the following task.

Use your learning so far to complete the table on the screen by detailing the key features of migration from the colonies to Britain, migration between Britain's colonies and the impact of World War I and World War II on migration.

Pause the video while you complete this task using your learning so far.

Press play when you're ready for some suggestions for each section.

Hello again and well done if you managed to include any of the following.

In terms of migration from the colonies to Britain, well done if you detailed the Irish migration to Britain in the 19th century was driven by the Great Famine and job opportunities, but migrants faced hostility.

And that Indian Lascars migrated for economic opportunities settling in port cities like London and Liverpool.

In terms of migration between Britain's colonies, well done if you mentioned that the Empire facilitated intercolonial migration driven by economic, social, and political factors shaping colonial demography.

And finally, in terms of the impact of World War I and World War III migration, well done if you put the both World War I and World War II significantly influenced migration patterns by involving soldiers from British colonies, and that the wartime experience prompted many to migrate to Britain after the war for improved opportunities and education.

Really well done.

And that moves us onto the second phase of our learning today, where we'll be learning about Jewish migration to Britain.

Beginning in 1290, King Edward I's expulsion of Jewish people from England due to religious intolerance barred their return.

This ban lasted over 350 years until England's leaders allowed Jewish people to return.

By 1690, there were around 400 Jewish people living in England.

By 1850, this number had grown to around 40,000.

With the Jewish people playing increasingly significant roles in British society.

Integrated and contributing to various fields, the Jewish community experienced milestones such as David Solomons becoming London's first Jewish mayor in 1855 and Lionel de Rothschild's subsequent election as the first Jewish member of Parliament in 1858.

This success underscored their growing influence and contribution to British society.

However, despite their contributions, many lived in poor conditions made worse by increased immigration to Britain in the 19th and early 20th centuries without the necessary uplift in terms of infrastructure to support the increase in population.

Legislation like the 1905 Aliens Act, thus was introduced, aiming to restrict Jewish immigration reflecting prevalent xenophobia and economic concerns of British society at the time.

Although, admits the upheaval of the 1930s and 1940s, Britain did provide refuge for some Jewish refugees who were fleeing Nazi persecution exemplified by initiatives like the Kindertransport, which saved around 10,000 Jewish children by allowing them to resettle in Britain.

Now it's time for another learning check to ensure we're securing the key learning.

True or false, Jewish people migrated to Britain usually for economic reasons.

Pause the video while you come to a decision and press play to continue.

Welcome back and well done if you said the answer is false.

Now let's justify that statement.

Which of the following provides the accurate justification for this? A, Jews who migrated to Britain were often fleeing persecution, notably from Russia or Nazi Germany, or b, Jews who migrated to Britain were often fleeing persecution, notably from America and Australia.

Pause the video while you come to a decision on the correct justification and then press play to continue with the lesson.

Welcome back and well done if you said the answer is a, Jews who migrated to Britain were often fleeing persecution, notably from Russia and Nazi Germany.

Next, I'd like you to complete the sentence on the screen using a key word.

Pause the video while you complete the sentence and press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Hello again.

Well done if your sentence now reads like this, legislation, like the 1905 Aliens Act was introduced, aiming to restrict Jewish immigration despite the growing persecution that Jewish people faced in many parts of Europe.

Just as a reminder, persecution means being targeted and treated badly worse than others over a sustained period of time.

And now, for our next longer written task, I'd like you now to write an account of Jewish migration to Britain during the 19th and 20th centuries using what you've learned so far.

As ever, pause the video while you complete this written task and press play when you are ready for some feedback in the form of a model answer.

Welcome back.

I asked you to write an account of Jewish migration to Britain during the 19th and 20th centuries.

Well done if you managed to include any of the following.

By 1850, the Jewish population in Britain had increased to around 40,000.

This followed increased persecution of Jewish people in parts of Europe.

Jewish individuals played increasingly prominent roles in British society, for example, David Solomons became London's first Jewish mayor in 1855, and Lionel de Rothschild was elected as the first Jewish MP in 1858.

Many Jewish immigrants faced challenges due to poor living conditions exacerbated by increasing immigration.

The 1905 Aliens Act was introduced to restrict Jewish immigration reflecting, discrimination and economic concerns.

Although Britain provided refuge to Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution including approximately 10,000 children through initiatives like the Kindertransport.

Really well done there.

And with that task complete, we can now move on to the final part of our lesson today, where we'll be exploring British migration to other parts of the Empire.

Throughout the history of the British Empire, colonial migration involving Britons migrating to colonies around the Empire driven predominantly by economic incentives facilitated the expansion and development of the Empire itself.

In the 19th and early 20th centuries, British citizens were enticed by promises of land, employment and better prospects in colonies such as Canada, Australia, India, as well as parts of Africa and the Caribbean.

These migrants sought opportunities abroad due to factors like poverty and unemployment in Britain.

Once in the colonies, they played pivotal roles in shaping local economies and societies, establishing farms, businesses, and infrastructure, albeit with social, cultural and political implications, including interactions with indigenous peoples and the imposition of British norms and values.

The migration also led to conflicts with indigenous populations and the imposition of colonial hierarchies illustrating the complexities of imperial expansion and its lasting legacies on both, the former colonies and Britain itself.

And now, I'd like you to answer the following question.

What two things were British people who migrated to other parts of the Empire leaving as a result of? A, overcrowding, b, persecution, c, poverty, or d, unemployment? Pause the video while you work out the correct answers, and when you're ready to continue, just press play.

Hello again and well done.

If you said, c, poverty and d, unemployment, both caused immigration of Britons to other parts of the British Empire.

Next, I'd once again like you to complete the following sentence using a key word.

Pause the video while you complete the sentence and press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back and well done if your sentence now reads like this, Britons migrating to colonies of the British Empire had political implications including interactions with indigenous peoples and the imposition of British norms and values.

And for our final written task today, I'd like you to complete the following, explain the impact of British migration to other parts of the Empire using your learning so far.

Once again, pause this video while you complete the task and press play when you're ready for me to provide you with some feedback in the form of a model answer.

Welcome back and well done if you managed to include any of the following.

Throughout the history of the British Empire, colonial migration saw Britons seeking economic opportunities in colonies like Canada, Australia, India, Africa, and the Caribbean from the 19th to the early 20th centuries, driven by factors such as poverty and unemployment in Britain.

Migrants played pivotal roles in shaping local economies and societies by establishing farms, businesses, and infrastructure.

However, their presence also brought social, cultural, and political complexities, including interactions with indigenous populations and the imposition of British norms. This migration often led to conflicts and the establishment of colonial hierarchies leaving lasting legacies on both the former colonies and Britain itself reflecting the intricate dynamics of imperial expansion.

Really well done today.

With that task finished, we've arrived at the end of our lesson.

The following is a summary of our key learning points, and it would be great if you could remember these going forward.

Firstly, many individuals from the colonies, including India and Ireland migrated to Britain.

Secondly, a significant number of Jewish people also moved to Britain to escape persecution in Europe.

Thirdly, both world wars led to increased migration as soldiers from the colonies fought for Britain.

Next, conversely, many British citizens migrated to other parts of the Empire primarily for economic opportunities.

And finally, the Empire also facilitated migration between various colonies, such as between India and parts of Africa.

Thank you so much for joining me for our lesson today.

It's been a real pleasure to guide you through our history, learning resources, and I very much look forward to seeing you again for more history lessons in the future.