Hi there, I'm Mr. Roberts, and thanks for joining me for today's history lesson where my job will be to guide you through our history resources.

I'll be making sure that by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to securely meet our lesson objective.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to recall that many Irish people migrated to Britain in the 19th and 20th centuries and that they experienced significant discrimination.

There are three key terms which we need to make sure we're comfortable with before embarking on our learning journey today.

Famine refers to an extreme scarcity of food.

Migrant is someone who moves from one country to another, and partition means to divide into parts.

Our lesson on Irish migration to Britain is separated into three learning phases, and the first one revolves around the motivations behind Irish migration to Britain.

In the 19th century, there was a significant amount of migration from Ireland, which was part of the United Kingdom, to Britain.

Many people crossed the Irish sea seeking refuge from dire circumstances at home, and in hopeful pursuit of a better life.

Economic hardship, political unrest, and the devastating impact of the Great Famine were factors in the movement of Irish migrants to the British mainland, most of whom embarked on a journey, made both in hope and out of necessity, facing challenges and uncertainties as they sought to establish new lives in Britain, a foreign land.

The Potato Famine, also known as the Great Famine, struck Ireland between 1845 and 1852 and involved a catastrophic failure of the potato crop, which was a staple food for the Irish population.

This agricultural disaster, which was made worse by British policies towards Ireland resulted in widespread hunger, poverty, and disease, and it pushed many Irish families to the brink of survival, causing the deaths of around one million people.

At the same time, the Industrial Revolution in Britain created a demand for labour, drawing Irish migrants to urban centres where employment opportunities were available.

This combination of famine-induced desperation and the promise of work in Britain acted as powerful catalysts for Irish migration.

So before we move on, let's just check the following.

True or false, the main reason for Irish migration to Britain was religion? Pause the video while you decide on the correct answer and then press play when you are ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back and well done if you identified the correct answer as false.

Now let's justify that answer.

Which of the following provides the correct justification for that? A, the main reasons were the devastating impact of the Great Famine and economic opportunities, or B, the main reason was the feeling among Irish people at the time that migration was exciting.

Pause the video while you come to a decision on the correct justification and then press play to continue with the lesson.

Welcome back and well done if you said the answer was A, the main reasons were the devastating impact of the Great Famine and economic opportunities, which drew Irish migrants to Britain.

Let's have a go at the following question, which two of the below were reasons for migration from Ireland to Britain in the mid 19th century? A, failure of the potato crop, B, greater employment opportunities in Ireland, or C, greater employment opportunities in Britain.

Pause the video while you decide on the two correct answers and then press play when you are ready to resume.

Welcome back, and well done if you said A, the failure of the potato crop and C, greater employment opportunities in Britain.

Next, on the screen, you can see a drawing from 1847 depicting starving children in Cork in Ireland during the Great Famine.

Use the drawing as a starting point to help you answer the following question, why did Irish migration to Britain increase dramatically during the 19th century? As ever, pause the video while you complete this task and press play when you are ready for some feedback from me in the form of a model answer.

Welcome back.

I asked you to answer the question, why did Irish migration to Britain increase dramatically during the 19th century? Well done if you managed to include any of the following in your paragraph.

Irish migration to Britain increased dramatically during the 19th century as a result of the Great Famine in Ireland, which lasted between 1845 and 1852.

This event was made worse by British policies towards Ireland and caused the deaths of around one million people.

The Great Famine pushed many Irish families to the brink of survival.

This can be seen in the illustration which shows two starving children and a person in the background looking at the soil, presumably for potatoes.

At the same time as the famine the Industrial Revolution in Britain meant that there were many job opportunities for migrants in the new industrial cities.

As a result, many Irish people migrated to Britain in the hopes of a better life.

Well done for your hard work there.

And now it's time to move on to the second learning phase of our lesson today where we'll be examining the experiences of Irish migrants in Britain.

Upon their arrival, Irish migrants faced a hostile reception from certain sections of British society, often due to religious differences.

The majority of Irish migrants were Catholic, in contrast to the predominantly Protestant population of Britain at the time.

This religious divide created tensions that often erupted into violence.

Protestant mobs would target property, vandalising churches, homes, and businesses owned by Irish Catholic immigrants.

In addition, Irish migrants were unfairly stigmatised and blamed for social problems like crime.

For instance, perceived levels of alcohol consumption among Irish workers, exacerbated by the harsh working conditions they faced contributed to negative stereotypes which portrayed Irish immigrants as inherently prone to criminal behaviour.

Contemporary newspapers often depicted Irish migrants as unruly, drunken, and lacking morals, which only reinforced existing prejudices.

This stereotype also justified discriminatory practises and policies that were targeted at the Irish community.

The high numbers of Irish immigrants in British urban areas further increased social tensions.

Like many migrant groups, Irish immigrants tended to settle close together in poorer neighbourhoods as these were the only areas where properties were available to them.

These areas were often characterised by substandard housing and overcrowded living conditions.

This reinforced perceptions of Irish migrants as a distinct and separate other, fostering feelings of resentment and suspicion among the native British population.

And before we move on again, let's just check the following.

True or false? The majority of Irish migrants were Protestant.

Pause the video while you decide on the correct answer and then press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Hello again and well done if you identified the correct answer as false.

Now let's justify that answer.

Which of the following provides the correct justification for that? A, the majority of Irish migrants were Catholic, which led to good relations with the predominantly Protestant British, or B, the majority of Irish migrants were Catholic, which led to tensions with the predominantly Protestant British.

Pause the video while you come to a decision on the correct justification and then press play to continue with the lesson.

Welcome back and well done if you said the answer was B, the majority of Irish migrants were Catholic, which led to tensions with the predominantly Protestant British.

Next, I'd like you to complete the sentence on the screen using two different words relating to religious beliefs.

Pause the video while you do this and then press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back and well done if your sentence looks like this.

Upon their arrival, Irish migrants faced a hostile reception from certain sections of British society, often due to religious differences such as the fact they were Catholic and the majority of the British population were Protestant.

Next, I'd like you to complete the table on the screen, giving details about each challenge faced by Irish immigrants during their time in 19th century Britain.

Pause the video while you complete this task and press play when you are ready for some suggestions.

Hello again.

Well done if you managed to include any of the following in your table.

In terms of religion, the majority of Irish migrants were Catholic.

In contrast to the predominantly Protestant population of Britain at the time, this created tensions that often erupted into violence.

In terms of stereotypes, Irish migrants were unfairly stigmatised and blamed for social problems like crime.

Irish immigrants were unfairly portrayed as drunkards who were inherently prone to criminal behaviour.

And in terms of poverty, due to discrimination, Irish immigrants tended to settle together in poorer neighbourhoods characterised by substandard housing and overcrowded living conditions.

And with that task complete, we can now move on to the final phase of our learning today, where we'll be looking at partition of Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State.

Following centuries of British rule and persistent calls for Irish independence, the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 established two distinct political entities on the island of Ireland, Northern Ireland in the north, and the Irish Free State predominantly in the south.

Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom with a majority Protestant population and strong and ties to Britain.

While the Irish Free State emerged as an independent republic.

However, the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty were contentious and divisive, particularly regarding the issue of partition and not everyone agreed on how partition had been agreed.

Unionists in Northern Ireland, predominantly Protestant and loyal to the British Crown, supported union with Britain, and strongly opposed any moves to unite Northern Ireland with the Irish Free State.

Conversely, Republicans in the Irish Free State and in Northern Ireland's Catholic population inspired by the vision of a united and independent Ireland viewed partition as a betrayal by the British who they claimed promised them full national sovereignty.

As a result, the partition of Ireland exacerbated existing tensions and deepened divisions within Irish society.

It laid the groundwork for a drawn out and violent conflict known as The Troubles which saw some go on to pursue a united Ireland throughout the 20th century.

Before we move on again, I'd like you to complete the following task.

Pause the video while you match the terms on the left with their definitions on the right, and press play when you're ready to continue.

Welcome back and well done if you identified that Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom with a majority Protestant population, that the Irish Free State was the independent republic, predominantly in the South, emerging after the 1921 treaty.

And finally, well done if you knew that Republicans were the group inspired by the vision of a united and independent Ireland, free from British rule.

Next, consider the following question, which treaty divided Ireland into Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State in 1921? A, the Irish-British Treaty B, the Anglo-Irish Treaty, or C, the Irish Free State Treaty.

As ever, pause the video while you consider the options and then press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back and well done if you said B, the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

For our final written task today, I'd like you using your learning so far to explain the political and religious division of Ireland as a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921.

Pause the video while you complete the task and then resume the video when you are ready for a model answer with which you can compare yours.

Welcome back, and well done if you manage to include any of the following in your answer.

The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 established Northern Ireland, which remained part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland with a Protestant majority and the Irish Free State, an independent republic mainly in the south.

The treaty was controversial though since Unionists in Northern Ireland supported staying with Britain, while Republicans in both the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland's Catholic community had achieved independence from Britain.

Many of them though now saw partition as a British betrayal of full sovereignty promises, with some going on to pursue a united Ireland during The Troubles throughout the 20th century.

Really well done today, and with that task finished, we've arrived at the end of our lesson.

The following is a summary of our key learning points, and it would be great if you could remember these going forward.

Firstly, during the mid 1800s, there was a notable movement of people from Ireland to Britain.

Migration from Ireland to Britain was largely driven by the Great Famine in Ireland and employment opportunities in Britain created by the Industrial Revolution.

Discrimination marked the initial phases of Irish immigration with many forced to live in terrible quality housing.

And finally, in 1922, Ireland underwent partition resulting in Northern Ireland, and the independent Irish Free State.

Partition sparked a history of conflict between Unionists and Republicans and left a lasting legacy of violence.

Thank you so much for joining me for our lesson today.

It's been a real pleasure to guide you through our history learning resources, and I very much look forward to seeing you again in the future where we'll be looking at Jewish migration to Britain.