Hi there, I'm Mr. Roberts and thanks for joining me for today's history lesson where my job will be to guide you through our history resources.

I'll be making sure that by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to securely meet our lesson objective.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to recall that Jewish migration from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries led to a thriving Jewish community in Britain.

There are three key terms which we need to make sure we're comfortable with before we move on with our lesson today.

Immigrant refers to someone who settles in a country from elsewhere.

Persecution means being targeted and treated badly, worse than others, over a sustained period of time.

And Kindertransport refers to the transportation of Jewish children from Nazi Germany to Britain from 1938 to 1940.

Our lesson on Jewish migration to Britain today is separated into three learning phases.

And in the first learning phase, we'll be learning about the background to that Jewish migration.

In 1290, due to religious intolerance, King Edward I expelled all Jewish people from England.

This expulsion lasted over 350 years until England's leaders allowed Jewish people to return.

By 1690, there were about 400 Jewish people living in England.

By 1850, this number had grown to around 40,000 out of a population of 18 million.

As Jewish communities prospered, their contributions to British life became increasingly significant.

In 1855, the first Jewish mayor of London, David Salomons, took office, marking a milestone in the Jewish community's integration and acceptance.

Shortly afterwards in 1858, another milestone occurred.

Lionel de Rothschild became the first Jewish member of Parliament.

Rothschild, in addition to his political role, was a prominent banker who famously lent money to the British government to buy a controlling share in the Suez Canal in Egypt.

Despite their growing numbers and contributions, many Jewish people in Britain lived in poor and unsanitary conditions, particularly during the waves of immigration in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

These waves of migration were caused primarily by the increasing antisemitism in Eastern Europe, particularly Russia, and the resultant economic problems that arose out of this antisemitism.

As public sentiment in Britain began to turn more towards an anti-immigration stance, demonstrations and marches were organised by those opposed to Jewish immigration.

The 1905 Aliens Act, where alien was the word at the time meaning someone from a foreign land, was designed to limit this migration, reflecting the period's prevalent xenophobia or fear or dislike of anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange, and economic anxieties.

This act specifically targeted Jewish immigrants fleeing persecution in Eastern Europe, seeking to curb numbers coming to Britain.

Now let's have a go at the following question.

Which event was a significant milestone for the Jewish community in England in 1855? A: The expulsion of all Jewish people from England by King Edward I.

B: The enactment of the Aliens Act designed to limit Jewish migration, or C: The election of David Salomons as the first Jewish mayor of London? Pause the video while you decide on the answer and then press play when you are ready to resume.

Welcome back and well done if you said C.

The election of David Salomons as the first Jewish mayor of London.

Next, I'd like you to put the following events into chronological order by numbering them one to four with one as the earliest.

Pause the video while you come to a decision on the correct order, and then press play for me to reveal the answers.

Welcome back.

Well done if you said that first, King Edward I expelled all Jewish people from England.

This lasted for over 350 years.

Secondly, the first Jewish mayor of London, David Salomons, took office, a significant milestone.

Thirdly, Lionel de Rothschild became the first Jewish member of Parliament, another significant milestone.

And finally, the Aliens Act was designed to limit migration, specifically targeting Jewish immigrants in 1905.

Next, I'd like you to complete the table on the screen using your learning so far, detailing the positive and negative aspects of Jewish migrants' experience in Britain during the 19th century and early 20th century.

As ever, pause this video while you complete this task and press play when you are ready for some suggestions.

Welcome back.

I asked you to detail the positive and negative aspects of Jewish migrants' experience in Britain during the 19th century and early 20th century.

Well done if you managed to include any of the following: Positive aspects included: Jewish communities prospered and contributed to British life.

By 1850, their number had grown to around 40,000.

London elected a Jewish man, David Salomons and a Jewish MP Lionel de Rothschild.

Negative aspects included: Many experienced, poor and unsanitary living conditions, and many experienced hostility, especially through the 1905 Aliens Act.

Well done for your hard work there.

And now it's time to move on to the second learning phase of our lesson today, where we'll be examining the contribution of Jewish migrants to Britain.

Despite their often poor living conditions, Jewish migrants established vibrant communities and contributed significantly to the British economy.

In the late 19th century and early 20th century, they succeeded in setting up small workshops and factories, often employing family members and fellow immigrants.

The furniture industry provided a relatively accessible means of living due to the low initial monetary investments required and the demand for skilled craftsmanship.

Jewish craftsmen brought skilled woodworking and furniture making traditions from their countries of origin, producing high quality furniture sought after by local residents and businesses, many of which were non-Jewish.

In response to a lack of government support, these close-knit Jewish communities also facilitated resource sharing, knowledge exchange, and mutual support, helping members set up workshops and navigate business challenges.

In the clothing industry, Jewish immigrants also made significant contributions, particularly in the garment trade.

Many were skilled tailors and dress makers who established small businesses or worked in wealthy clients' homes, producing custom-made garments and building a reputation for quality.

With the rise of ready-made clothing in the early 20th century, Jewish entrepreneurs played a crucial role in manufacturing and distributing affordable clothes, setting up factories that catered to various different sections of Britain's population.

Jewish merchants were also key in retail and wholesale distribution, opening shops and market stalls that made clothing more accessible to the working class and became integral parts of local markets and shopping districts.

And before we move on again, let's just check the following.

True or false? Jewish migrants often living in poor conditions did not contribute significantly to the British economy.

Pause the video while you decide on the correct answer and then press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back, and well done if you identified the correct answer as false.

Now let's justify that answer.

Which of the following provides the correct justification for that? A: Jewish people significantly contributed to the British economy through furniture and clothing workshops, or B: Jewish people significantly contributed to the British economy through the farming of crops and livestock.

Pause the video while you come to a decision on the correct justification and then press play to continue with the lesson.

Welcome back, and well done if you said the answer was A.

Jewish people significantly contributed to the British economy through furniture and clothing workshops.

Next, I'd like you to complete the sentence on the screen using a keyword.

Pause the video while you do this and then press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Hello again and well done if your sentence looks like this.

The close-knit communities of Jewish immigrants facilitated resource sharing, knowledge exchange, and mutual support, helping members set up workshops and navigate business challenges.

Next on the screen, you can see a familiar 19th century drawing of a thriving Jewish community in Britain.

Using this image as a starting point, explain the economic contribution of Jewish migrants to Britain based on what you've learned so far.

As ever, pause the video while you complete this task and press play when you are ready for a model answer.

Welcome back, and well done if you managed to include any of the following: The image shows a vibrant Jewish community in Britain established by migrants, despite poor living conditions.

Jewish migrants contributed to the British economy by setting up small workshops and factories, employing family and fellow immigrants.

In the furniture industry, Jewish migrants brought skilled woodworking traditions from their homelands and created popular, high-quality designs.

In the clothing industry, many Jewish migrants were skilled tailors and dress makers who started small businesses, made custom garments and later helped manufacture ready-made clothing.

Furthermore, Jewish merchants opened shops and market stalls, becoming key parts of local markets and shopping districts.

And with that task complete, we can now move on to the final phase of our learning today, where we'll be looking at Jewish migration to Britain in the 1930s and 1940s.

During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Britain was able to help Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.

Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party had come to power in Germany in 1933 and had systematically begun a deliberate escalation of Jewish persecution in Germany and other Nazi controlled territory.

As a result, the Kindertransport, initiated in 1938 resulted in the rescue of around 10,000 Jewish children.

British organisations, particularly the Central British Fund for German Jewry, organised the transport.

Parents were not allowed to accompany their children who were placed with foster families in hostels or on farms across Britain, providing them with safety.

Despite facing challenges like immigration quotas, around 70,000 Jewish refugees found sanctuary in Britain up until the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, with another 10,000 successfully migrating to Britain's shores during the course of the war in the early 1940s, thanks in large part to local organisations and sympathetic individuals.

Once in Britain, these refugees made significant contributions to various aspects of British society.

Many brought valuable skills and expertise, enriching the economy and cultural landscape.

From medicine, law and academia to artisans and tradespeople, they played a crucial role in supporting the wartime economy and aiding in post-war reconstruction efforts.

Jewish refugees who were fleeing Nazi persecution did encounter discrimination and prejudice, but their resilience and determination, coupled with the support of established Jewish communities and sympathetic allies, enabled many Jewish refugees to rebuild their lives in their new homeland of Britain.

So before we move on again, I'd like you to complete the following task.

Pause this video while you match key features of this time period with their description.

Return to this video when you are ready to continue with the lesson.

Welcome back, and well done if you identified that it was the Kindertransport that rescued around 10,000 Jewish children from Nazi persecution, that the professions of Jewish immigrants included medicine, law, academia, artisans, and tradespeople.

And finally, the immigration quota refers to limits on the number of Jewish immigrants per year entering Britain.

Next, is it true or false to say that Jewish migrants did encounter discrimination and prejudice in Britain, but their resilience and determination, coupled with the support of established Jewish communities and sympathetic allies, enabled many Jewish refugees to rebuild their lives in their new homeland of Britain? Pause the video and consider whether this statement is true or false.

Press play when you're ready to continue.

Welcome back, and well done if you said that this statement is true.

For our final written task today, I'd like you, using your learning so far, to write an account of Jewish migration to Britain as a result of Nazi persecution.

Pause the video while you complete this task and then resume the video when you are ready for a model answer with which you can compare yours.

Welcome back, and well done if you managed to include any of the following in your answer: During the 1930s and 1940s, Britain was able to help Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi persecution.

The Kindertransport, initiated in 1938, rescued around 10,000 Jewish children.

Despite facing challenges like immigration quotas, 70,000 other Jewish refugees found sanctuary in Britain by the beginning of World War II, thanks largely to the help of local organisations such as the Central British Fund for German Jewry and sympathetic individuals.

Once in Britain, these refugees made significant contributions to various aspects of British society.

They also played a crucial role in supporting the wartime economy and aiding in post-war reconstruction efforts.

Really well done today because with that task finished, we've arrived at the end of our lesson.

The following here is a summary of our key learning points, and it would be great if you could remember these going forward.

Firstly, by 1850, around 40,000 Jewish people were living in Britain.

In the 19th century, Jewish communities often endured impoverished and unhygienic living conditions.

The 1905 Aliens Act aimed to restrict Jewish migration to Britain.

Jewish immigrants established vibrant communities in Britain, notably contributing to industries such as furniture and clothing manufacturing.

And in the 1930s and 1940s, Jewish refugees sought sanctuary in Britain in order to escape persecution in Nazi Germany, thanks in part to the Kindertransport.

Thank you so much for joining me for our lesson today.

It's been a real pleasure to guide you through our history learning resources, and I really look forward to seeing you again in the future where we'll be looking at migration throughout the British Empire.