Hi there, I'm Mr. Roberts and thanks for joining me for today's history lesson where my job will be to guide you through our history resources.

I'll be making sure that by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to securely meet our lesson objective.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to recall that there was significant migration within the empire, including to and from Britain and within different colonies.

There are three key terms which we need to make sure we're comfortable with before embarking on our learning journey today.

Entrepreneurship refers to the process of starting and managing a business venture, typically with the goal of achieving profit.

Lascars were Indian sailors and soldiers who migrated to Britain and were often active in the activities of the East India Company.

And an indentured labourer is a type of worker who is bound by a contract to work for a specific period in exchange for benefits like passage housing or education.

Our lesson today on movements within the British Empire is separated into three learning phases, and the first one revolves around British migration to India.

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, with India being a crown colony belonging to Britain, a wave of British men migrated to India enticed by the promise of wealth through trade, entrepreneurship, or service in the British East India Company or colonial administration.

Drawn by tales of the lucrative markets and boundless opportunities, India became a beacon for those seeking to transform ambition into real success.

Some established themselves in bustling ports like Bombay, Calcutta, and Madras, engaging in the East India Company's trade of silk, spices, and opium, while others ventured into the countryside to set up plantations or joined the expanding bureaucracy as administrators or military officers.

Migration to India offered not only economic advancements, but also social advancements, in addition to adventure.

These people embraced the challenges of adapting to foreign lands and navigating colonial society amidst competition from other Britain's political unrest as a result of Britain's control of the colony and health risks as a result of unfamiliar disease against which Britons have no natural immunity.

Despite these obstacles, many achieved notable success amassing fortunes and leaving a lasting legacy through architectural, commercial, and institutional endeavours shaping the course of colonial Indian history.

And before we move on, let's just check the following.

True or false? Many British men migrated to India in the hopes that they would make their fortune there.

Pause the video while you decide on the correct answer and then press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back and well done if you identified the correct answer is true.

Now, let's justify that answer.

Which of the following provides the correct justification? A, British men were lured by entrepreneurship or service in the British East India Company or colonial administration.

Or B, British men were lured by agricultural opportunities and the possibility of improving Indian infrastructure.

Pause the video while you come to a decision on the correct justification and then press play to continue with the lesson.

Welcome back.

Well done if you said the answer is A, British men were lured by entrepreneurship or service in the British East India Company or the colonial administration.

British women, who accompanied male family members stationed in administrative or military roles, also play pivotal roles in shaping the imperial landscape through their management of the domestic or home environment.

Housekeeping manuals and travel accounts authored by these women provide insights into their lives revealing their efforts to replicate British culture in a foreign environment.

This included maintaining British domestic standards, influencing societal norms, and perpetuating imperial ideologies.

Now let's have a go at the following question.

Which two of these sources have been particularly useful for understanding the experience of British women in India? A, housekeeping manuals, B, newspaper articles or C, travel accounts? Pause the video while you decide on the answer and then press play when you're ready to resume.

Hello again and well done if you said A, housekeeping manuals and C, travel accounts.

And now it's time for our first written task today.

I'd like you to answer the following questions using what you've learned so far.

Number one, why do British men migrate to India? Number two, what contributions did British women make when they moved to India? Pause the video while you answer these questions and then press play when you're ready to resume.

Well, I'll be able to give you some feedback in the form of a model answer to both questions.

Welcome back.

Firstly, I asked you why did British men migrate to India? Well done if you managed to include any of the following.

British men migrated to India in the late 18th and early 19th centuries enticed by the promise of wealth through trade, entrepreneurship, or service in the British East India Company or colonial administration.

They were drawn by tales of lucrative markets and boundless opportunities seeking economic advancements, social mobility, and adventure.

Next, I asked you, what contributions did British women make when they moved to India? Well done if you managed to include any of the following in your answer.

British women who accompanied male family members stationed in administrative or military roles played pivotal roles in shaping the imperial landscape through their management of the domestic or home environment.

They authored housekeeping manuals and travel accounts, maintained British domestic standards and influenced societal norms and perpetuated imperial ideology.

Well done for all your hard work there.

And it's now time to move on to the second learning phase of our lesson today where we'll be examining Indian migration to Britain.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a significant migration wave brought Indian individuals, notably sailors and soldiers, known as lascars, to Britain in pursuit of economic advancement.

Drawn by the promise of better opportunities, they embarked on a transcontinental journey leaving behind their familiar homeland for the bustling cities of Britain.

The lascars comprising a substantial group of Indian sailors and soldiers pivotal in the East India Company's army and maritime trade served aboard British ships.

They played crucial roles in linking India and Britain through navigating the vast seas and significantly bolstering trade routes.

Upon arrival in Britain, these migrants confronted numerous challenges including cultural assimilation, prejudice, and financial hardships.

For example, limited job opportunities, language barriers, and discriminatory practises in housing and employment.

Despite these hurdles, many lascars opted to settle in key port cities like London, Liverpool, and Cardiff, where they formed resilience and tight-knit communities.

Over time, their families often join them leading to the establishment of immigrant communities.

These migrants sought to build new lives by finding employment often in the maritime industry or other labour intensive low-skill jobs.

They contributed to the local economy and society and their presence helped shape the multicultural landscape of Britain.

And before we move on again, let's just check the following.

True or false? Indian lascars were drawn to Britain by economic opportunities.

Once again, pause this video while you decide on the correct answer and then press play when you're ready for the correct answer to be revealed.

Hello again and well done if you identified the correct answer is true.

Now it's time to justify that answer.

Which of the following provides the correct justification for that statement? A, lascars sailed to Britain in the hope of getting a well-paid job in Britain that would help raise their living standards or B, lascars sailed to Britain in the hope of exploiting its natural resources for their own benefit.

Pause the video while you come to a decision on the correct justification and then press play to continue the lesson.

Welcome back and well done if you said the answer was A, lascars sailed to Britain in the hope of getting a well-paid job in Britain that would help raise their living standards.

Next, I'd like you to complete the sentences on the screen using a keyword.

Pause the video while you do this and press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back and well done if your sentences look like this.

Upon arrival in Britain, lascars confronted numerous challenges including cultural assimilation, prejudice, and financial hardship.

Despite these hurdles, many lascars opted to settle in key port cities such as London, Liverpool, and Cardiff, where they formed resilience and tightly-knit communities.

Next, I'd like you using your learning so far to answer the following question.

Why did Indian lascars migrate to Britain in the 19th and 20th centuries and how did their presence impact British port cities? Pause the video while you complete this task and press play when you're ready for a model answer.

Hello again.

Well done if you manage to include any of the following in your answer to the question, why did Indian lascars migrate to Britain in the 19th and early 20th centuries and how did their presence impact British port cities? The migration of Indian lascars to Britain in the 19th and early 20th centuries diversified British port cities such as London, Liverpool, and Cardiff.

These lascars, many of whom were sailors and soldiers in the East India Company, played crucial roles in connecting India and Britain through maritime trade.

Despite encountering challenges like cultural assimilation, prejudice, and financial difficulties upon arrival, they formed resilient communities in these poor cities.

Through their pivotal roles in navigating seas and supporting trade routes, they contributed significantly to Britain's economic and imperial landscape.

And with that task complete, we can now move on to the final phase of our learning today where we'll be looking at Indian and British migration to Africa.

In the 1860s to the early 1900s, Britain actively encouraged the migration of Indian people to South Africa to address labour shortages in the fast-growing mining industry.

Through the system of indentured labour, many Indians were recruited to work in the harsh conditions of the South African mines lured by promises of future better employment and economic opportunities.

However, the reality of life as indentured labourers was often marked by exploitation, poor working conditions, and limited freedoms. As a result, Indian migrants in South Africa toiled under the oppressive regime of colonial rule, having swapped one British colony, India, for another British colony, South Africa.

At the same time, Indian indentured labourers were also dispatched to Kenya as part of British imperial efforts to construct railways connecting the coastal city of Mombasa to the interior of the neighbouring country of Uganda.

Tasked with the difficult work of laying tracks and building bridges across challenging terrain, these Indian workers played a crucial role in the completion of the ambitious railway project.

Despite facing harsh working conditions and separation from their homeland, their labour was instrumental in facilitating British colonial expansion and economic development in East Africa.

The completion of the Kenyan railway in 1901 sparked a wave of migration amongst wealthy white Britons seeking new opportunities in the African continent.

Encouraged by the prospects of land ownership, agricultural ventures, and commercial enterprises, many affluent Britons relocated to Kenya, drawn by the promise of wealth and adventure in the British colonial outpost.

The influx transformed the social and economic landscape of Kenya establishing prosperous settler communities that wielded considerable influence over local politics and society, particularly in Nairobi, which became a major commercial centre.

Settlers built infrastructure but also enforced a racially stratified society through discriminatory land policies profoundly shaping Kenya's colonial history.

Before we move on again, I'd like you to complete the following task.

Pause the video while you match the opportunities on the left to the migrants and their destinations on the right.

Welcome back and well done if you identified that mining drew Indians to South Africa, that railways drew Indians to Kenya, and that land ownership drew Britons to India and Africa.

Next, I'd like you to complete the following sentences with the correct nationality of migrants that took advantage of these opportunities.

Pause the video while you complete this task and press play when you're ready for the answers to be revealed.

Welcome back and well done if your sentences look like this.

The completion of the Kenyan railway in the early 20th century sparked a wave of migration amongst wealthy white Britons seeking new opportunities in the African continent.

Encouraged by the prospects of land ownership, agricultural ventures, and commercial enterprises, many affluent Britons relocated to Kenya, drawn by the promise of wealth and adventure in the British colonial outpost.

So that brings us onto our final written task today.

I would like you using your learning today to write an account of British and Indian migration to Africa.

Pause the video while you complete this task and then resume the video when you're ready for a model answer with which you can compare yours.

Welcome back and well done if you manage to include any of the following in your answer.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Britain actively encouraged Indian workers to migrate to Africa to fill labour shortages In South Africa, Indians were recruited under indentured labour agreements for mining roles.

They were promised economic opportunities, but often subjected to exploitation and restricted freedoms under harsh conditions.

Simultaneously, Indian indentured labourers were sent to Kenya to construct railways.

Their crucial contributions helped British colonial expansion and economic development in Africa.

The completion of the railway also attracted wealthy white Britons seeking opportunities in land ownership, agriculture, and trade, leading to the establishments of prosperous settler communities that wielded significant influences over local politics and society, thus shaping the course of colonial history in Africa.

With that task finished, we've arrived at the end of our lesson.

The following is a summary of our key learning points, and it would be great if you could remember these going forward.

Firstly, we learned that numerous British people embarked on journeys to India driven by aspirations of attaining wealth and prosperity.

We learned that Indian individuals also relocated to Britain, notably including soldiers recognised as lascars.

Britain actively promoted the migration of Indian workers to South Africa, primarily to engage in indentured work within mining.

Indentured labourers from India also migrated to Kenya, participating in the construction of railways leading to Uganda.

And finally, the completion of the Kenyan railway enticed a significant number of affluent white Britons to migrate to Kenya.

Thank you so much for joining me for our lesson today.

It's been a real pleasure to guide you through our history learning resources, and I very much look forward to seeing you again in the future where we'll be looking at imperial propaganda.