Hi there, I'm Mr. Roberts, and thanks for joining me for today's history lesson where my job will be to guide you through our history resources.

I'll be making sure that by the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to securely meet our lesson objective.

By the end of today's lesson, you'll be able to explain how, following the Indian Rebellion in 1857, Britain increased its control over India by making it a Crown Colony governed by a Viceroy.

There are three key terms which we need to make sure we're comfortable with before embarking on our learning journey today.

Rebellion is an act of rising up against rulers or authority.

A viceroy was a person who governs a territory on behalf of a sovereign.

And Crown Colony refers to a colony administered by the British government within the British Empire.

Our lesson on the Indian Rebellion is separated into three learning phases, and the first one is dedicated to examining the expansion of British control.

By the 1850s, two-thirds of the Indian subcontinent was under the control of the East India Company.

Those who worked for the East India Company lived in great luxury and gained significant amounts of wealth.

However, their presence and policies often disregarded or replaced longstanding Indian traditions, rites and customs. They also displaced the traditional Hindu aristocracy, leading to widespread frustration and discontent amongst the Indian population.

So let's make sure we've secured some key information now.

Which two actions did the East India Company undertake in India, causing resentment of British rule? A, they replaced Indian traditions.

B, they refused to trade with Hindu princes any longer.

Or C, they displaced the Hindu aristocracy.

Pause this video while you decide on the answer and then press play when you're ready to resume.

Welcome back, and well done if you said A and C.

The East India Company replaced Indian traditions and displaced the Hindu aristocracy, both of which caused resentment towards British rule.

In order to maintain control and ensure the smooth running of their operations, the East India Company stationed soldiers throughout India.

These forces included both British soldiers and sepoys.

The sepoys were integral to maintaining power, but they were often treated poorly, had little hope for promotion, and were typically sent on the most dangerous missions.

Furthermore, many sepoys felt they were being pressured into converting to Christianity by the British, complicating their feelings towards their employer.

Let's try another question now.

Which two of the below are reasons why sepoys resented the British, even though they fought for them? A, they were often sent on the most dangerous missions.

B, the British attempted to convert them to Christianity.

Or C, the East India Company refused to pay them what they promised.

Pause the video while you decide on the answer and then press play when you're ready to resume.

Welcome back.

And well done if you said the correct answers were A and B.

The sepoys resented the British because they were sent on the most dangerous missions, and the British attempted to convert them to Christianity.

The introduction of the unpopular doctrine of lapse further fueled Indian resentment.

This doctrine allowed the British to take control of any Indian prince's state where the prince did not have a direct heir.

Inevitably, this extended British control over more territories.

The effect of these policies over time, combined with Indian discontent, set the stage for the dramatic events that would unfold in 1857, the Indian Rebellion, known as the War of Independence in India.

Before we move on again, let's just check the following.

True or false? The doctrine of lapse fueled Indian resentment.

Pause the video while you decide on the correct answer and then press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back.

And well done if you identified the correct answer is true.

Now let's justify that answer.

Which of the following is true? A, it allowed the British to take control of any state where the prince did not have an heir.

Or B, it allowed the British to take control of any state where the prince could not afford to pay taxes to the British.

Once again, pause the video while you come to a decision on the correct justification and then press play to continue with the lesson.

Welcome back.

And well done if you said the answer was A.

It is true to say that the doctrine of lapse fueled Indian resentment because it allowed the British to take control of any state where the prince did not have an heir.

Now I'd like you to use what you've learned so far to put the following events into chronological order by numbering them one to four, with one as the earliest.

Pause this video while you complete this task and then press play when you're ready for the answers to be revealed.

Hello again, and well done if you correctly ordered the events as follows.

Firstly, by 1850, the British East India Company had full influence over the country of India.

Secondly, sepoys became angry over their poor treatment and the British attempts to convert them to Christianity.

Thirdly, the doctrine of lapse was imposed by the British on Indian states where a prince died with no direct heir.

And finally, in 1857, the Indian Rebellion broke out, known in India as the War of Independence.

Next, I'd like you to answer the following question.

Using your learning so far, explain why the Indian Rebellion began in 1857.

You could include the following to help you.

Hindu aristocracy, sepoys, and doctrine of lapse.

Pause the video while you write around a paragraph in answer to this question and then press play when you're ready for some feedback in the form of a model answer.

Welcome back.

I asked you to explain why the Indian Rebellion began in 1857.

Everyone will have written something slightly different in answer to this question, but well done if you were able to include any of the following in your answer.

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began due to widespread discontent with the East India Company, which controlled most of India by the 1850s.

Company officials lived in luxury while disregarding Indian traditions and displacing the traditional Hindu aristocracy, causing frustration amongst Indians.

Additionally, sepoys were treated poorly, faced dangerous missions, and felt pressured to convert to Christianity.

The unpopular doctrine of lapse, which allowed the British to take control over states left without direct heirs after the death of a prince, further fueled resentment.

These combined grievances led to rebellion in 1857.

Well done for your hard work there.

And now it's time to move on to the second learning phase of our lesson today, where we'll be examining the details surrounding the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

The sepoys' discontent reached its peak on the 10th of May 1857, when a group of them shot dead several British officers.

A significant catalyst for the rebellion was the introduction of the new Enfield rifle, which was a type of gun.

The rifle required soldiers to bite off the top of the greased cartridge before loading it.

The grease was rumoured to be made from cow and pig fat, which was religiously offensive to both Hindu and Muslim soldiers.

The sepoys' refusal to use these cartridges led to severe punishments, further igniting their anger and leading to widespread mutiny, which is a refusal to obey orders.

Before we move on again, let's just check the following.

True or false? The discontent among the sepoys reached its peak on the 10th of May 1857.

As ever, pause the video while you decide on the correct answer and then press play when you're ready for the answer to be revealed.

Welcome back.

And well done if you identified the correct answer is true.

Now let's justify that answer.

Which of the following is true? A group of East India Company sepoys shot dead some British soldiers.

Or B, a group of East India Company British soldiers shot dead some sepoy soldiers.

Pause the video while you come to a decision on the correct justification and then press play to continue the lesson.

Welcome back and well done if you said the answer is A.

It's true to say that the discontent among the sepoys reached its peak on the 10th of May 1857, when a group of East India Company sepoys shot dead some British soldiers.

The act of defiance on the 10th of May marked the beginning of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, which lasted until June the following year.

The rebellion ended up being one of the bloodiest uprisings against British rule in the Empire's history.

It quickly spread to key locations such as Delhi and Lucknow where intense battles were fought.

Elsewhere, the massacre of 200 British women and children, known as the Bibighar Massacre, shocked and outraged the British public and led to the deployment of 70,000 additional British troops armed with the latest weapons from America.

The British response to the Indian Rebellion was brutal, and the scale of violence and retribution by the British forces was immense, with reports of entire neighbourhoods being destroyed and mass killings of anyone suspected of being a rebel.

Now I'd very quickly like you to complete the following sentence using a keyword.

Pause the video while you consider the answer and then press play where I will reveal the keyword.

Welcome back.

And well done if your sentence sounds like this.

The Indian Rebellion was one of the bloodiest uprisings against British rule.

Next, I'd like you to study this British cartoon from 1857.

It was published in "Punch" magazine, a popular satirical magazine.

What can you infer from the source about British responses to the Indian Rebellion? Pause the video while you write around a paragraph in answer to this question and then press play when you're ready for some feedback in the form of a model answer.

Welcome back.

I asked you to study the source and answer the question, what can you infer from the source about British responses to the Indian Rebellion? It's worth mentioning again that everyone will have written something slightly different in answer to this question, but well done if you were able to include any of the following in your answer.

The cartoonist's inclusion of the word "Justice" implies that they thought that the British response to the Rebellion was valid.

This suggests that the cartoon was likely produced after the Bibighar Massacre, an event which the British public was outraged by.

The cartoonist also shows that the British response was very brutal because Britannia is striking Indian rebels who are already on the ground and behind Britannia are Indian women who are crying and holding their children.

However, as the cartoon was published in "Punch," a satirical magazine, it is possible that the cartoonist is suggesting that the killing of unarmed men is not really justice and that the British response to the Indian Rebellion was overly brutal.

Next, let's move on to the final part of our lesson today, where we'll be looking in detail at the establishment of the Crown Colony in India.

By June 1858, Britain had regained control of India, but the aftermath of the rebellion marked a significant shift in British policy towards its most important and affluent colony.

Britain now recognised the need for a more direct and controlled approach to governance of the country.

Power over the running of India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown, and India became a Crown Colony, thanks to the Government of India Act passed in August 1858.

This transfer of power remained under the watchful gaze of the British government.

They set up the India Office in London and appointed a viceroy to govern the country on behalf of Queen Victoria.

The viceroy was intended to adapt.

The viceroy was intended to adopt a more cautious approach than the East India Company had done.

The aim was to interfere less with religious matters and allowed Indians greater participation in local governance.

Although the scale of Indian involvement in government remained limited as a Crown Colony, it marked the beginning of a professional middle-class of Indian citizens.

These individuals were educated in English and British universities were established in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in an attempt to cement British cultural control over the Indian subcontinent.

I'd now like you to match these key institutions of British rule with the correct descriptions.

Pause the video while you work out the correct answers and then press play to check your answers against mine.

Welcome back, and well done if you correctly identified that the viceroy was appointed by Queen Victoria to govern India.

The Crown Colony became India's status after the British state took control from the East India Company.

And the India Office was the branch of government that supported the viceroy.

Next, I'd like you to put these events in chronological order, starting with the earliest.

Number the boxes one to four, with one being the earliest.

Pause this video while you do this and then press play for the correct order to be revealed.

Welcome back.

And well done if you ordered the events as follows.

Firstly, the Indian Rebellion broke out in 1857 when a group of sepoys shot dead some British soldiers.

Secondly, the rebellion spread across India, prompting a brutal response by Britain who sent 70,000 troops to suppress it.

Thirdly, the British state took over the running of India from the East India Company and made India a Crown Colony.

And finally, a viceroy was appointed to rule over India, assisted by the new India Office in London.

Now I'd like you to use what you've learned so far to write one paragraph that answers this question.

Write an account of the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion.

You could use the image on the screen to help you.

Try to organise your answer in chronological order.

And pause this video while you complete this task, pressing play when you're ready for some feedback once again in the form of a model answer.

Welcome back.

I asked you to complete the following task.

Write an account of the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion.

And well done if you managed to include any of the following in your answer.

By June 1858, Britain had regained control of India, following the 1857 Indian Rebellion.

Recognising the need for a more direct and controlled approach, power over India was transferred from the East India Company to the British Crown.

The British government established the India Office in London to administer the colony, and India officially became a Crown Colony.

A viceroy was appointed to govern India.

They took a more cautious approach than the East India Company had and aimed to interfere less with religious matters.

Middle-class Indians were now educated in English and British universities were established, cementing British cultural control over India.

Really well done today.

With that task finished, we've arrived at the end of our lesson.

The following is a summary of our key learning points, and it would be great if you could remember these going forward.

By the 1850s, most of the Indian subcontinent was under the control of the East India Company, who employed both British soldiers and Indian sepoys in its private army.

The unpopular doctrine of lapse was introduced, which allowed Britain to control more Indian territory upon the death of any Indian prince who died with no heirs.

The 1857 Indian Rebellion represented a serious challenge to British rule, with bloody battles being fought throughout India.

And finally, the British brutally suppressed the rebellion and India became a Crown Colony governed by a viceroy in the India Office.

Thank you so much for joining me for our lesson today.

It's been a real pleasure to guide you through our history learning resources, and I very much look forward to seeing you again in the future, where we'll be looking at the impact of British rule on India.